2021年錢學(xué)森的英文簡介

/142021年錢學(xué)森的英文簡介錢學(xué)森簡介QianXuesen(1911、12、11-enformula,Attheageoftwenty-eightbecameaworld-renownedaerodynist.In1939,hereceivedadoctorateinaviationfromtheCaliforniaxxtituteofTechnology.In1943,hewasanassistantprofessorattheCaliforniaxxtituteofTechnology.In1945,hewasanassociateprofessorattheCaliforniaxxtituteofTechnology.In1947,hewasaprofessorattheMassachusettsxxtituteofTechnology.In1947,marriedinShanghaiandJiangYing.In1949,hewasthedirectorandprofessoroftheJetPropulsionCenteroftheCaliforniaxxtituteofTechnology.In1953,QianXuesenformallyputforwardtheconceptofphysicalmechanics,advocatedfromthemicro-lawofmattertodetermineitsmacro-mechanicalcharacteristics,openedupanewfieldofhightemperatureandpressure.In1954,EngineeringCybericspublishedinEnglish,theRussianversionofthebook,Germanversion,theChineseversionwasin1956,1957,publishedin1958、In1958hewasthedirectorofmodernmechanicsdepartmentofChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology.Wasdetained1949WhenthenewsofthebirthofthePeople;sRepublicofChinacametotheUnitedStates,QianXuesenandhiswifeJiangYingwilldiscusstheearlyreturntothemotherland,fortheirownnationaleffectiveness.AtthistimetheUnitedStates,ledbyMcCarthytothemuniststoconductaprehensivetracing,andsetoffintheUnitedStatestodriveanemployeeloyaltotheUSgovernment;sfrenzy.QianXuesenwassuspectedofbeingamunistandrefusedtoexposehisfriends,bytheUSmilitarydepartmentsuddenlyrevokedthecertificatetoparticipateinconfidentialresearch.QianXuesenveryangry,asareasontoreturnhome.In1950,whenQianwasreadytoreturnhome,hewasstoppedbyUSofficialsandimprisonedinprison.DanA.Kimball,thenchiefoftheUSNavy,claimedthatQianXuesen,whereverhewent,Onthefivedivisionsofthetroops.Sincethen,QianXuesenwaspersecutedbytheUSgovernment,butalsolostvaluablefreedom,helostabout30poundsamonthorso.Theimmigrationdepartmentcopiedhishomeanddetainedhimfor14daysontheislandofTennesseeuntilhereceivedthe$15,000hugebailsentbytheCaliforniaxxtituteofTechnology.Later,thecustomsconfiscatedhisluggage,including800kilogramsofbooksandnotebooks.TheUSprosecutoronceagainexaminedallofhismaterialbeforeprovingthathewasinnocent.HardtoreturnIntheearly1950sQianXuesennewsofpersecutionintheUnitedStatessoonspreadtoChina,ChinesescienceandtechnologyfriendsthroughavarietyofwaystosupportQianXuesen.TheCPCCentralmitteeisextremelyconcernedaboutthesituationoftheUnitedStatesintheUnitedStates,theChinesegovernmentissuedastatementpubliclycondemnedtheUSgovernmentinviolationoftheirwishesinthecaseofimprisonmentofQianXuesen.In1954,achance,hesawinthenewspaperChenShutongstandingonthetowerofTiananmenSquare,theidentityoftheNationalPeople;sCongressStandingmitteevicechairman,hedecidedtogivethefatherofagoodfriendtowriteforhelp.WhilePremierZhouEnlaiwasveryanousforthistime,whenhewasvicechairmanoftheStandingmitteeoftheNationalPeople;sCongressChenShutongreceivedalettersentfromtheothersideoftheocean.Heopenedalook,signedQianXuesen,theoriginalistoaskthemotherlandgovernmenttohelphimreturnhome.InApril1954,thefivecountriesoftheUnitedStatesandBritainandtheSovietUnionheldaninternationalconferencetodiscussandresolvetheDPRKissueandtorestorepeaceinIndochinainGeneva.ZhouEnlai,headoftheChinesedelegationattendingthemeeting,wasremindedthatagroupofforeignstudentsandscientistsinChinaweredetainedintheUnitedStatesandxxtructedtheAmericansthatiftheBritishdiplomatshadbeenabletocleartherelationshipwithus,weshouldseizethisopportunityandopenupnewContactchannel.WangBingnan,secretarygeneraloftheChinesedelegation,beganhispreliminarytalkswiththeUnitedStatesandVice-PremieroftheUnitedStatesonJune5,1954、TheUnitedStateshassubmittedalistofsomeUSmilitarypersonnelintheUnitedStatesinChinaanddetainedbyChina,askingChinatogivethemtheopportunitytoreturnhome.InordertoexpressChina;ssincerity,ZhouEnlaixxtructedWangBingnantomakeconcessionsinthethirdmeetingofChinaandtheUnitedStatesheldonJune15,1954,andalsoaskedtheUnitedStatestostopthedetentionofChinesestudentssuchasQianXuesen.However,thelegitimatedemandsoftheChinesesidewereunreasonablyrejectedbytheUSside.July21,1954,theGenevameetingclosed.Inordernottointerruptthemunicationchannel,ZhouEnlaixxtructedWangBingnanandtheUnitedStatestoagreethatsinceJuly22,1954,theconsularleveltalksinGeneva.InordertofurtherexpressChina;ssinceritytowardsSino-UStalks,ChinareleasedfourseizedUSpilots.China;sconcessions,andultimatelytofightfortheUnitedStatesandotherscientiststoreturntotheUnitedStatesassoonaspossible,butinthiscriticalissue,theUnitedStatesonbehalfofJohnsonorChinacannotgetmoneytolearntherealreasontoreturn,thatisnotletgo.In1955,afterthecontinuouseffortsofPremierChouEn-laiinhisdiplomaticnegotiationswiththeUnitedStates-evenincludingthereleaseof11USpilotscapturedintheKoreanWarasanexchange.OnAugust4,1955,QianXuesenreceivedtheUSimmigrationofficetoallowhimNoticeofreturn.September17,1955,QianXuesenreturntothedesiretofinallyberealized,thisdayQianXuesencarryinghiswifeJiangYingandapairofyoungchildren,boardedtheClevelandPresidentship,setfootonthejourneybacktothemotherland.October1,1955morning,QianXuesenfinallyreturnedtohisdreamofthemotherland,backtohishometown.AfterreturninghomeAfterreturning,ZhouEnlaiinallrespectshavegivenQianXuesencordialandmeticulouscare,hislateryearsQianXuesenalsoexcitedlyrecalledapast:1970,China;sfirstartificialsatelliteDongfanghonglaunchontheeveofPremierZhouEnlaiconvenedtherelevantResearchersintheGreatHallofthemeeting,parting,PremierZhouEnlaideliberatelystoppedQianXuesen:QianXuesen,youdonotbetootired.QianXuesenoftensaidtohispeople,thedeepestimpactonhislifeandhelpthelargesttwopeople,oneisthefoundingPremierZhouEnlai,oneishisfather-in-lawJiangBaili.Inthesameyear,theStateCouncilandtheCentralMilitarymission,accordingtohisproposal,setupaleadingbodyofmissileandaviationscienceresearch,theAviationIndustrymittee,andappointedtheStateCouncilandtheStateCounciltosetupareportontheestablishmentofthenationaldefenseaviationindustry.Heisamember.In1956toparticipateinChina;sfirstfiveyearsofscientificplanningtodetermine,QianXuesenandQianWeichang,QianSanqiangtogether,wasZhouEnlaicalledtheChinesescienceandtechnologysector,threemoney,QianXuesenorderedtheformationofChina;sfirstrocket,missileresearchxxtitute-FifthxxtituteofDefenseandservedasthefirstpresident.In1956,heservedasdirectorofthexxtituteofMechanics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,researcher.Workinginmechanicsbeforeandafter1972、AtthesecondplenarysessionoftheSecondNationalmitteeoftheCPPCC,hewaselectedasthesecondmemberoftheCPPCCNationalmittee.In1957,attheQianXueseninitiative,theChineseSocietyofMechanicswasestablished,QianXuesenwasunanimouslyelectedasthefirstchairman.OnFebruary18,PremierChouEn-laisignedanordertoappointQianXuesenasthefirstpresidentoftheFifthResearchxxtituteoftheMinistryofDefense.OnNovember16,PremierChouEn-laiappointedQianXuesenasthepresidentoftheFifthResearchxxtituteoftheMinistryofDefense.Inthesameyear,QianXuesen;sEngineeringCybericswonthefirstprizeoftheNaturalScienceAwardoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesandwaselectedbytheChineseAcademyofSciences.InJune1957,thePreparatorymitteeoftheChineseSocietyofAutomationwasestablishedinBeijing,QianXuesenaschairman.InSeptemberthesameyear,theInternationalAssociationfortheestablishmentoftheGeneralAssemblyremendedQianXuesenasthefirstIFACCouncilexecutivedirector.In1958,inordertocultivatetalentsforthetwo-playerproject,QianXuesenwasfoundedbytheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChinaattherequestoftheestablishmentoftheStarTrekAcademy.QianXuesenwasthedirectoroftheDepartmentofModernMechanicsofChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnologyandbecamethefoundingoftheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChinaOneofthepeople.ByDuRunsheng,YangGangyiintroducedtojointhemunistPartyofChina.In1959,hewaselectedastherepresentativeoftheSecondNationalPeople;sCongress.Andwereelectedasthethird,fourthandfifthNationalPeople;sCongressrepresentatives.September19,1959,QianXuesenmadeaspecialtripfromBeijingtoShanghaifromXi;antoXi;anJiaotongUniversitytovisitthecus,visitteachersandstudents.In1960,heservedasvicepresidentoftheFifthxxtituteoftheMinistryofDefense,andnolongerserveaspresidentofthehospitalbranch.Sincethen,QianXuesen;smaindutieshavebeendeputy,bythefifthresearchxxtitutevicepresident,totheseventhdeputyministeroftheMinistryofMachineryIndustry,andthentotheNationalDefenseScienceandTechnologymittee,deputydirector,specializinginChina;snationaldefensescienceandtechnologydevelopmentofmajortechnicalproblems.OnNovember15,1960,undertheguidanceofMarshalNieRongzhenpersonally,hewasappointedasthedirectorofGeneralZhangAiping,SunJian,QianXuesenandWangZhengasthedeputydirectorofthetrialmittee,successfullyorganizedinChinaJiuquanlaunchsiteofChina;sfirstFlighttestofthemissile.In1961,hewaselectedasthefirstpresidentoftheChineseSocietyofAutomation.In1962,Physicalmechanicslecturepublished.In1963,IntroductiontoStarWarspublished.In1965,heservedasViceMinisteroftheSeventhMinistryofMachineryIndustry(MissileIndustry).October27,1966,QianXuesentoassistNieRongzhenmarshal,intheJiuquanlaunchsitedirectlyledtheuseofshort-rangemissilescarryingatomicbombtwobombsbinedflightexperiment,apletesuccess.In1968,heservedasDeanoftheFifthResearchxxtituteoftheChinesePeople;sLiberationArmy(today;sChinaxxtituteofSpaceTechnology).In1969,hewaselectedastherepresentativeoftheNinthNationalCongressofthemunistPartyofChinaandalternatememberoftheNinthCentralmittee.Andhavebeenelectedasthetenth,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteennationalcongressrepresentatives,tenth,eleven,twelveCentralmitteealternatemembers.In1970,heservedasdeputydirectoroftheNationalDefenseScienceandTechnologymittee,andnolongerconcurrentlytheFifthPeople;sLiberationArmyResearchxxtitute.In1979,intheUnitedStatesformallyestablisheddiplomaticrelations,bytheUnitedStatesCaliforniaxxtituteofTechnologyDistinguishedAlumniAward(DistinguishedAlumniAward).ButQianXuesendidnotgototheUnitedStatestoacceptthishonor.Inxx,hewaselectedViceChairmanoftheFirstNationalmitteeoftheChineseAssociationforScienceandTechnology.Inxx,hewaselectedChairmanoftheThirdNationalmitteeoftheChineseAssociationforScienceandTechnology.In19xx,heservedasdeputydirectoroftheScienceandTechnologymitteeoftheNationalDefenseScienceandTechnologyIndustrymittee.WaselectedhonorarychairmanoftheChineseSocietyofMechanics.HeistheDeanoftheFifthResearchxxtituteoftheMinistryofNationalDefense,andisalsothedeanofthebranchofthehospital(today;sChinaLaunchVehicleTechnologyxxtitute).OnSystemEngineeringpublishedinxx,onthesystemengineering(updatedversion)published.Inxx,atthefifthsessionoftheChineseAcademyofSciences(academician)GeneralAssembly,waselectedtotheChineseAcademyofSciencespresidiumexecutivechairman.Inxx,atthesixthsessionoftheChineseAcademyofSciences(academician),hewashiredashonorarychairmanoftheChineseAcademyofSciences.Inxx,QianXuesen;scontributiontoChina;sstrategicmissiletechnology,asthefirstprizewinnerandTuShouying,YaoTongbin,HaoFujian,LiangShili,ZhuangFenggan,LiXuandothernationalscienceandtechnologyprogressaward.Inxx,attheFourthPlenarySessionoftheSixthNationalmitteeoftheChinesePeople;sPoliticalConsultativeConference(CPPCC),hewaselectedViceChairmanoftheSixthNationalmitteeoftheChinesePeople;sPoliticalConsultativeConference(CPPCC)andelectedasvicechairmanoftheseventhandeighthNationalmitteeoftheCPPCC.Inxx,washiredastheNationalDefenseScienceandTechnologyIndustrymitteeofScienceandTechnologymitteesenioradviser.ScientificandSystemsEngineeringofSocialistModernizationpublished.May3,xx,servedashonorarychairmanoftheChineseAcademyofHumanSciences.Inxx,concurrentlyservedasdirectoroftheseventhsessionoftheNationalmitteeofScienceandTechnologymittee.Wonthe(xx)NationalScienceandTechnologyProgressAward.AboutThinkingSciencepublished.Inxx,onhumansciencepublished.Thecreationofhumanscience,humanscienceandmodernscienceandtechnologydevelopmentperspectiveandonhumanscienceandmodernscienceandtechnologywerepublishedinxx,xx,xx、Inxx,hewasawardedthetitleofWFLittleRockwellMedal,World-ClassScienceandEngineeringCelebrityandHonoraryMemberoftheInternationalxxtituteofScienceandTechnologyawardedbytheInternationalTechnologyandTechnologyExchangeConferenceandtheInternationalxxtituteofScienceandTechnology.medal.QianXuesenCollection(1938~1956)published.Inxx,atthefirstplenarysessionoftheFourthNationalmitteeoftheChineseAssociationforScienceandTechnology,hewasawardedthehonorarytitleoftheChineseAssociationforScienceandTechnology.WaselectedhonorarychairmanoftheChinaAerodynamicsSociety(xxrenamedtheChinaAerodynamicsSociety).WaselectedhonorarychairmanoftheChinaSocietyofSystemsEngineering.Inxx,atthefirstacademicianconferenceoftheChineseAcademyofEngineering,hewaselectedasamemberoftheChineseAcademyofEngineering.OntheGeographySciencepublished.UrbanScienceandLandscapeCitypublished.Inxx,hewasawardedthefirst(xx)HeLiangHeLiFundExcellenceAward(laterrenamedtheHeLiangHeLiFoundationScienceandTechnologyAchievementAward)issuedbyHeLiangHeLiFund.Inxx,approvedbythePropagandaDepartmentoftheCPCCentralmittee,theXi;anJiaotongUniversityLibrarynamedQianXuesenlibrary,whenhewaschairmanJiangZe