語言學(xué) 性別歧視

LinguisticSexisminEnglish11級英本5班No.10游曉楠No.26郭凱麗1DefinitionPhenomenaReasonsOutline2DefinitionLinguisticSexismSexismisaphenomenonthattakesamale-as-normattitude,trivializing,insultingorrenderingwomeninvisible.

As

a

special

social

phenomenon,

sexism

is

inevitably

reflected

through

language.3Phenomena1.Thegenericmasculine陽性詞泛化1.1genericpronounsandnouns(1)

He

who

laughs

last

laughs

best.

(2)

Everyone

must

do

his

homework

well.

(3)

If

anyone

calls,

tell

him

I

will

be

back

later.

(4)

Everyone

should

learn

to

solve

problems

himself.

(1)

Man

is

a

social

animal.(2)

Men

remake

nature.

(3)

Woman

is

a

social

animal.

(4)

Women

remake

nature.

Allmenarecreatedequal.----theUSDeclarationofIndependence.41.2womenbeingattachedtomen

男性女性MrMrsplusherhusband’ssurnameMissAfterthe

feminist

movement

andlanguagereformationintheearly1970s,Mscomesout,whosesemanticmeaningisthesameasMr.

Firstlady,Mrs.Curie,Mrs.Thatcher51.3femaleasanexceptionCommon

gender

Masculine

gender

Feminine

gender

lawyer

lawyer

ladylawyer

hero

hero

heroine

pilot

pilot

woman

pilotmale

nurse,

male

typist,

and

male

secretary.

6Chairman,businessman,congressman,newsman,policeman,spokesman.Addingtheboundmorphemesuchas–ess,-inePoetpoetessPrinceprincessGodgodessHeroheroine71.4WordOrderhusband

and

wife

father

and

mother

boys

and

girls

his

and

hersson

and

daughter

brother

and

sisterhost

and

hostessking

and

queen

Adam

and

Eve

Male

and

female82.SemanticDerogationofWomen語義貶損2.1Non-parallelsemanticdevelopments2.2SemanticCollocationandChange2.3Metaphor2.4Proverb

92.1Non-parallelsemanticdevelopments

Suchas

MasterandMistressWizardandWitchSirandMadam102.2SemanticCollocationandChangeSuchas:

imposing

a.

He

is

imposing.

b.

She

is

imposing.

loose

a.Alooseman.b.aloosewoman.

professionala.Heisaprofessional.b.Sheisaprofessional.

112.3Metaphor

Food

metaphor

cheese

cake

(奶酪蛋糕——裸體女畫)，cherry

(櫻桃——處女)，cookie

(點(diǎn)心——可愛的女人)，crumpet

(松脆餅——性感女人)，tart

(果餡餅——妓女)，tomato

(西紅柿——漂亮女人),

honey

(蜜糖——寶貝、親愛的),

piece

(點(diǎn)心——女人)，peach

(桃子——漂亮女人)

and

so

on.

Animal

metaphor

chick

(小雞——少女)，kitten

(小貓——活潑年輕的姑娘)，bitch（母狗——潑婦），cat

(貓——丑婦、賤婦、討厭的女人)，dragon

(龍——倔強(qiáng)的女人)，hen

(母雞——愛管閑事的女人),

cow

(奶?！优嗟呐?、妓女)，crone

(老母羊——干癟的丑老太婆)

and

mare-horse

(母馬——粗聲大氣、肥胖固執(zhí)的女人)

and

so

on.

122.4Proverb

A

man

of

straw

is

worth

of

a

woman

of

gold.

稻草男人抵得上金玉女

No

war

is

without

a

woman.

凡是戰(zhàn)爭均由女人而起

A

woman

can

do

more

than

the

devil.

最毒婦人心

Man,

woman,

and

devil

are

three

degrees

of

comparison.男人、女人和魔鬼三個等級分貴賤

13ReasonsCulturefactorPhysiological

factorSocial

factor

14Culturefactor

TheHolyBible:ManismoresuperiorthanwomanPhysi