Unit 1 People of achievement 學(xué)案 高一下學(xué)期英語人教版（2019）必修第一冊

PAGE16Unit1學(xué)案PAGE1PAGE1I重點(diǎn)詞匯crucialadj.至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵性的[重點(diǎn)用法]acrucialfactor/issue/decision關(guān)鍵的因素/問題/決定becrucialto對(duì)至關(guān)重要[典例]Andersonplayedacrucialroleintheteam’svictoryonSaturday.[練習(xí)]漢譯英她的工作對(duì)項(xiàng)目的成功至關(guān)重要。Herwork_________________________theproject’ssuccess.2.vitaladj.必不可少的；極其重要的；生死攸關(guān)的；充滿生機(jī)的[重點(diǎn)用法]bevitalto/for…對(duì)……是至關(guān)重要的bevitaltodosth.做某事是至關(guān)重要的avitalrole至關(guān)重要的作用performvitalfunction起重要作用Itisvitalthat…(should)do…做……是至關(guān)重要的/生死攸關(guān)的。[典例]1)Perseveranceisvitaltosuccess.毅力對(duì)于成功是至關(guān)重要的。2)Hissupportisvitalforourproject.3)Itwasvitaltogivefirstaidtotheinjuredman.4)It’svitalthatwe(should)carryouttheoperationimmediately.[練習(xí)]用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Itisvitalforajournalist(keep)accuraterecords.It’svitalthateveryequipment(check)mittedadj.盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)定的；堅(jiān)信的commitvt.犯（錯(cuò)誤、罪行），干（壞事）；承諾，保證；投入vi.投入[重點(diǎn)用法]becommittedto(doing)sth.盡力/承諾做某事commitanerror犯錯(cuò)commitsb./oneselfto(doing)sth.承諾做某事commitacrime犯罪[典例]Themostawkwardemailmistakeisusuallycommittedinanger.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Buthequicklyfoundthathelovedplayingthisinstrument,mitmentn.[C，U]許諾，承諾；[U](對(duì)工作或某活動(dòng))獻(xiàn)身，奉獻(xiàn)，投入；[C，U](資金、時(shí)間、人力的)花費(fèi)，使用makeacommitmenttosb./sth.對(duì)某人/某物作出承諾makeacommitmenttodosth./todoingsth.保證/承諾做某事carryoutonescommitment履行某人的承諾[練習(xí)]漢譯英這個(gè)發(fā)展地區(qū)致力于創(chuàng)建一個(gè)完美的投資環(huán)境。Thisdevelopmentarea______________________aperfectinvestmentenvironment.2).Iwasdeeplyimpressedbytheenergyand___________(commitment)shownbyplayers.4.objectiven.目標(biāo)；目的adj.客觀的[重點(diǎn)用法]objectiveassessment客觀評(píng)價(jià)objectivemeasurement客觀度量objectivedescription客觀描述[典例]Youmustsetrealisticaimsandobjectivesforyourself.Themainobjectiveofthismeetingistogivemoreinformationonourplans.[練習(xí)]漢譯英它將提供真實(shí)和客觀的信息。Itwouldprovide_________________________________5.evaluatevt.評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估[重點(diǎn)用法]evaluateone’sability評(píng)估某人的能力evaluatethevalue/qualityofsth.評(píng)估某物的價(jià)值/質(zhì)量evaluatethecostsof評(píng)估的費(fèi)用evaluatetheserviceofthehotel評(píng)價(jià)旅館的服務(wù)[典例]1)Icannotevaluatehisabilitywithoutseeinghiswork.2)Theymadeanintensiveevaluationofthehealthcareprogram.3)Wemustevaluatetheconsequencescausedbythefire.Evaluationn.[C,U]評(píng)估[練習(xí)]漢譯英1)讓我們評(píng)定一下此證據(jù)的價(jià)值。___________________________________________________________________________________Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshould________(evaluate)pertyn.性質(zhì)；特征；財(cái)產(chǎn)；房地產(chǎn)[重點(diǎn)用法]propertyprices房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格apropertydeveloper房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商preventseriouspropertydamage防止嚴(yán)重的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失propertyright產(chǎn)權(quán)propertymanagement物業(yè)管理[典例]Dog’sownersshouldberesponsibleiftheirpetsdoaninjurytootherpeopleorcausedamagetotheirproperty.[練習(xí)]漢譯英一般來說，在他們離開的時(shí)候要照看好他們的財(cái)產(chǎn)。Ingeneral,_______________________whiletheyaregone.distinctadj.清晰的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的[重點(diǎn)用法]Bedistinctfrom...與...不同make/drawadistinction區(qū)分開來；區(qū)別對(duì)待clear/sharpdistinction明顯的不同Itisdistinct/clearthat…很清楚（=Distinctly/Clearly,...）[典例]Itisdistinctthatweshouldmakeadistinctionbetweentheprimarytasksandroutineworkinourdailywork.Asdawnbroke,theoutlineofabuildingbecamedistinctagainstthesky.[練習(xí)]漢譯英(……是明顯的)smokingisharmfultoourhealth.8.boilvt.&vi.（使）沸騰；煮開；燒開n.沸騰；沸點(diǎn)[重點(diǎn)用法]boilwithanger怒火中燒，非常憤怒[典例]Awatchedpotneverboils.心急吃不了熱豆腐。Theyplannedtokeepthebudgetlowbylivingonboilednoodles.[練習(xí)]漢譯英100攝氏度是水沸騰的溫度。100℃isthetemperatureatwhich____________________9.obtainvt.（尤指經(jīng)努力）獲得；贏得vi.（規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等）存在；流行[重點(diǎn)用法]obtainsth.fromsb./sth.從……獲得某物obtaininformationfromheadoffice從總部獲取資料obtainpermissionfromtheprincipal得到校長的同意obtainone’spermission得到某人許可[典例]1).Ihaven’tbeenabletoobtainthatrecordanywhere.2).Hesaidthatthepolicehadobtainedthisinformationbyillegalmeans.[練習(xí)]漢譯英1).Afterquestioningthemanforsixhours,thepolice(得到消息)theywanted.2).India(獲得獨(dú)立)in1947,afteralongstruggle.10..acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)（屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等）；（公開）感謝[重點(diǎn)用法]acknowledgedoing/havingdone承認(rèn)做了……acknowledge…as/tobe…承認(rèn)……是……It'swidely/generally/universallyacknowledgedthat………是大家所公認(rèn)的。[典例]WhenaskedaboutthereceiptofTom’sletter,heacknowledgedit.Hisservicestothesocietyhavebeenofficiallyacknowledged.Theyacknowledgedthatthetopictheywerediscussingaboutwasrelevanttonationalsecurity.Theyacknowledgedhavingabandonedtheshipatlast.Sheisgenerallyacknowledgedtobe/asoneofthegreatestpianistsintheworld.=Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatsheisoneofthegreatestpianistsintheworld.Acknowledgementn.[sing.U]承認(rèn)；【C，U】感謝[練習(xí)]漢譯英1)Peteracknowledged(未通過駕照考試).11.defeatn.失?。淮鞌t.擊敗；戰(zhàn)勝[重點(diǎn)用法]defeatateam打敗一支隊(duì)伍defeattheenemy打敗敵人admit/accept/facedefeat認(rèn)輸/接受失敗/面臨失敗anarrow/heavydefeat惜敗/慘敗[典例]JohnSnowdefeatedcholerawhichwasadeadlydiseaseofitsday.2)I’vetriedtosolvetheproblem,butitdefeatsme.3)Thepainterwasamanwhohatedtoadmitdefeat.[練習(xí)]漢譯英1)他們希望在海上擊敗敵人。Theyhopedto_________________atsea.analyse（NAmEanalyze）vt.分析[重點(diǎn)用法]analysestatistics/data分析數(shù)據(jù)analysetheproblem分析問題[典例]Nevertheless,wemustnotcommitthemistakeofanalyzingprogressonlyfromonepointofview.[練習(xí)]漢譯英這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)正在努力分析這個(gè)問題，以便他們能找到最好的解決方法。Theteamareworkinghardto_____________________sothattheycanfindthebestsolution.13.apparentlyadv.顯而易見；看來；顯然（=obviously）[重點(diǎn)用法]Itisapparent/obviousthat…（=apparently/obviously）……是顯而易見的。[典例]Itwasapparenttoeveryonethathewasannoyed.誰都知道他生氣了。[練習(xí)]漢譯英___________________________________(很明顯)thedrugdoesbenefitsomepatients.14.substancen.物質(zhì)，物品；事實(shí)根據(jù)[重點(diǎn)用法]achemical/radioactivesubstance化學(xué)/放射性物質(zhì)banned/illegalsubstances禁用/非法物品[典例]Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstanceshavebeenfoundinthepastfewyears.[練習(xí)]漢譯英他的話是有一定根據(jù)的。Thereis________________inwhathesays.15.insistvi.&vt.堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)決要求[重點(diǎn)用法]insiston/uponsth.堅(jiān)持某事insiston/upon(sb.’s)doingsth.堅(jiān)持要求（某人）做某事insist后接that從句時(shí)，有兩種情況：表示“堅(jiān)持主張，堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)稱”時(shí)，從句用陳述語氣。[典例]1).Istillinsistonmyviewpoint.2).Heinsistedonpayingforthemeal.3).Motherinsistedonourwashingtheclothesbyourselves.4).Sheinsistedthattheboyhadstolenherwalletandthathe(should)besenttothepolicestation.[練習(xí)]漢譯英爸爸堅(jiān)持讓我們每天至少學(xué)習(xí)一件新東西。Papa_____________________________atleastonenewthingeachday.HeinsistedthatI_________(take)backwhatIsaid,butIinsistedthatmywords_______(be)right.16.scientificadj.科學(xué)（上）的；關(guān)于科學(xué)的[重點(diǎn)用法]ascientificdiscovery科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)scientificresearch/study科學(xué)研究scientificknowledge科學(xué)知識(shí)thescientificmethod科學(xué)方法[典例]It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.[練習(xí)]漢譯英他采取了一種非?？茖W(xué)的管理方法。Hetook__________________________tomanagement.17.mostlyadv.主要地；一般地[重點(diǎn)用法]bemostlyfrom主要來自bemostlyusedtodosth.主要用于做某事bemostlyusedfor主要用于[典例]Thelistenersaremostlymiddleschoolstudents,rangingfrom12to18.[練習(xí)]漢譯英刀子主要用于切東西。____________________________________________________________________________________18.conclusionn.結(jié)論；推論[重點(diǎn)用法]cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出結(jié)論jumptoconclusion匆忙下結(jié)論bring...toaconclusion使結(jié)束inconclusion最后[典例]Beingabletoreadpeoplehelpskidsfrommisreadingasituationandjumpingtofalseconclusions.Whatdoyouthinkbringstheprofessortothisconclusion?Theymadefullinvestigationsprevioustoreachingaconclusion.[練習(xí)]漢譯英她以一個(gè)有趣的故事結(jié)束談話。____________________________________________________________________________________19.fleevi.&vt.迅速離開；逃跑[重點(diǎn)用法]fleeaway逃離fleefrom從逃離；避免fleeinterror倉皇逃走[典例]HefledtoLondonafteranargumentwithhisfamily.他與家人爭吵以后離家去了倫敦。[練習(xí)]漢譯英她突然哭了起來，跑開了。____________________________________________________________________________________20.circumstancen.條件；環(huán)境；狀況[重點(diǎn)用法]under/in…circumstances在……情況下under/inthecircumstances在這種情況下；既然這樣under/inanycircumstances在任何情況下ifcircumstancesallow/permit如果情況允許under/innocircumstances決不，一點(diǎn)兒也不[典例]Undersuchcircumstances,thesepeoplearelikelytoabusetheirpower.Wecan’ttakemeasuresuntilwe’veknownallthecircumstances.Canyoutellmehowtoadapttothestudyatmosphereandcircumstancequickly?Undernocircumstancescanyoutaketheriskofleavinghimalone.[練習(xí)]漢譯英(在這樣困難的情況下),Idecidedtomakeallmyefforts.21.flown.流；流動(dòng)；流暢；供應(yīng)vi.流；流動(dòng)[重點(diǎn)用法]theflowofcars車流theflowofthewater水流theflowoffunds資金流stoptheflowofbloodfromthewound止住傷口流血[典例]Thesehormonesalsohaveapositiveeffectontheheartandthebloodflow.[練習(xí)]中譯英人往高處走，水往低處流。Manstrugglesupwards;water_____________________________22.foundvt.創(chuàng)建；建立；把建立在[重點(diǎn)用法]befoundedon建立在……基礎(chǔ)上，（建筑物）建立在……上[典例]1).Theirmarriagewasfoundedonloveandrespect.他們的婚姻建立在愛和尊重的基礎(chǔ)上。[練習(xí)]中譯英1).中華人民共和國成立于1949年。infervt.推斷；推定[重點(diǎn)用法]inferfrom從中推測出inferaconclusionfromthefacts從事實(shí)中推斷出結(jié)論[典例]Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatweshouldbecontentwithwhatwealreadyhave.[練習(xí)]中譯英我們可以從第5段劃線的雪莉-安的陳述中推斷出什么？___________________Shelly-Ann’sstatementunderlinedinParagraph5?numerousadj.眾多的；許多的[重點(diǎn)用法]numerousfriends很多朋友a(bǔ)numberof許多；一些thenumberof的數(shù)目[典例]TherewerenumerousdivingspotsintheareaandLarrywasdeterminedtovisitallofthem.[練習(xí)]中譯英這套系統(tǒng)的好處不勝枚舉。Theadvantagesofthissystemare______________________IV重點(diǎn)詞組（旨在提供詞匯綜合運(yùn)用所需材料）getstuck陷入困境；被卡在[典例]1)Igotstuckinthetraffic.Asaresult,Iwaslateforworkthismorning.[重點(diǎn)用法]bestuckin=betrappedin被困在bestuck/caught/heldupintraffic遭遇交通阻塞[練習(xí)]漢譯英1)船陷在泥里了。Theboat___________________themud.bychance=byaccident偶然地；意外地[典例]1).IheardthemhavingaheatedargumentbychancewhenIpassedby.[短語歸納]meetsb.bychance偶然遇見某人getthisjobcompletelybychance得到這份工作純屬意外[練習(xí)]中譯英1).我在飛機(jī)上遇到湯姆純屬偶然。ImetTom______________________ontheplane.standupto經(jīng)得?。z驗(yàn)等）[典例]Facedwiththefailure,somecanstanduptoit,drawusefullessonsfromitandtryhardtofulfillwhattheyaredeterminedtodo.[短語歸納]standupfor支持，維持standfor代表，象征Standby袖手旁觀；支持，幫助standout顯眼，突出；出色，杰出[練習(xí)]中譯英我認(rèn)為，該國人民會(huì)堅(jiān)持正義。Ithinkthepeopleinthiscountrywill______________________wearandtear（正常使用造成的）磨損；損耗[典例]Theinsurancepolicydoesnotcoverdamagecausedbynormalwearandtear.[短語歸納]anoldpairofwornjeans一條破舊的牛仔褲wearout用壞，穿破；使精疲力盡[練習(xí)]中譯英這種布料十分耐用。Thisclothisdesignedtostandupto______________________Drawout用法詳解(1)取出(=takeout)Hedrewoutfromhisluggageaboxwrappedincolouredpaperandgaveittohisson(2)拖延,拉長Thefinalquestiondrewthemeetingoutforanotherhour.(3)(白晝)漸長,(天黑)漸晚Withtheapproachofspringthedaysbegintodrawout歸納拓展draw構(gòu)成的其他短語：Drawup起草,擬訂drawin(天黑)漸早,(白晝)漸短drawback后退;撤回V重點(diǎn)句型（旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料）Onemedicaltextfromthefourthcenturysuggestedusingtheextractfromsweetwormwood...[解釋]動(dòng)詞-ing形式做動(dòng)詞的賓語。常接-ing形式做賓語的動(dòng)詞有：enjoy，finish，keep，practise，mind，consider，imagine，avoid，miss，advise，escape，risk，stand（忍受）等。[典例]Ifyouthinkthattreatingakidwellmeansalwaysgivinghimwhathewants,youaretotallywrong.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelpbeingpersuadedintobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.[練習(xí)]中譯英我提議坐我的車去。____________________________________________________________________________________Usingalowertemperaturetodrawouttheextract,shefoundasubstancethatworked.[解釋]現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語?！铿F(xiàn)在分詞（短語）作時(shí)間、原因、條件狀語時(shí)，通常位于句首；作結(jié)果、方式、伴隨狀語時(shí)，通常位于句末，該非謂語動(dòng)詞和句子主語之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。[典例]Workingasavolunteerteacherinthewest,thegirltookupgrowingvegetables.Seeingthathiswifewasgoingofftosleep,heswitchedofftheTV.Goingstraightdowntheroad,youwillfindtheChildren’sPalace.Shetriedanewdiet,reducingherweight.Milliecameridingabrand-newbike.Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.7)根據(jù)香蕉的成熟度和冰箱的溫度，冷凍香蕉可以保存幾個(gè)星期。Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine...”[解釋]★on/upon+n./v.-ing是介詞短語，表示“一就”，做時(shí)間狀語。[典例]Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.Onhearingthenews,Chinawasquicktostartorganizingemergencyaid.[練習(xí)]中譯英一到茶館，獨(dú)特的茶壺和茶杯就給這些外國學(xué)生留下了深刻印象。________________,theforeignstudentswereimpressedbytheuniqueteapotsandteacups.VI重點(diǎn)語法：非限制性定語從句定語從句根據(jù)與先行詞關(guān)系的密切程度可分為“限制性定語從句”與“非限制性定語從句”。非限制性定語從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說明，和主句之間用逗號(hào)隔開，若把從句去掉，句子意思仍然完整。譯成漢語時(shí)，從句常單獨(dú)譯成一句。LiMing,whoismycousin,hasgraduallyadjustedtothelifeinAmerica.李明是我表弟，他已逐漸適應(yīng)了美國的生活。Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.湯姆上學(xué)總是遲到，這一點(diǎn)令他的老師很生氣。非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有：關(guān)系代詞which，who，whom，whose，as；關(guān)系副詞when，where等。MrSmith,whosefootwasbadlyhurt,wasquicklysenttothelocalhospital.史密斯先生的腳受了重傷，他很快就被送到了當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院。We’llgraduateinJuly,whenwe’llbefree.我們將于七月份畢業(yè)，到那時(shí)我們就自由了。YiJianlian,asyouknow,isanexcellentbasketballplayer.你知道，易建聯(lián)是一名優(yōu)秀的籃球遠(yuǎn)動(dòng)員。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，常用在一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。asisknowntoall眾所周知asweallknow眾所周知asisoftenthecase情況常常如此asissaidabove如上所述asweexpected正如我們預(yù)料的那樣asisreported正如報(bào)道的那樣ashasbeenpointedout正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣ashasbeensaidbefore正如之前所說使用非限制性定語從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。在非限制