Unit 1 知識(shí)點(diǎn)學(xué)案- 高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1)onceandforall最終地；徹底地(教材P2)However，heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.[例1]Theproblemcanbesolvedonceandforall,ifyoudothat.[例2]I'mwarningyouonceandforall，ifyoudon'tstopdisturbingme，you'llberegretful.[知識(shí)拓展]allatonce 突然；同時(shí)atonce 立刻，馬上onceandagain 一而再，再三firstofall首先inall(=intotal=altogether)總共afterall畢竟，終究aboveall最重要的是eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2)subscribevi.認(rèn)購(gòu)(股份)；定期訂購(gòu)；定期交納(會(huì)費(fèi))(教材P2)Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.[例1]Hesubscribedfor1，000shares.他認(rèn)購(gòu)一千股。[例2]Isubscribedtothatmagazine.Itisputouteveryweek.[翻譯]Iheartilysubscribetothatview．[知識(shí)拓展]subscribeto 同意；贊成；捐贈(zèng)；訂閱……subscriptionn.訂閱，捐助subscribern.訂閱者[即學(xué)即練][小片段填空]Weappliedfor①________somemagazinesusefulforourwork.Thedepartmentmanager②________itand③________theapplicationform.我們申請(qǐng)訂閱幾本對(duì)我們的工作有益的雜志，部門經(jīng)理同意了這一請(qǐng)求，并在申請(qǐng)表上簽上了他的名字。eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3)(教材P2)Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame．(1)suspectvt.&vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對(duì)象[例1]Isuspecthimtoknoweverythingaboutthat.[例2]ShehadnoreasontosuspectthatSylviahadnottoldthetruth.[翻譯]Thepolicesuspecthimofhavingtakenthemoney．[知識(shí)拓展]suspectsb.of(doing)sth. 懷疑某人(做)某事常用Vt.+sb.+of短語(yǔ)warn/accuse/cure/inform/convince/remind/rob/assure/cheat/ridsb.ofsth.suspectsb.tobe... 懷疑某人是……suspicionn.懷疑suspiciousadj.感覺可疑的[即學(xué)即練][小片段填空]________wasthevictim'sson.Thepolice②________hisfather，becausetheneighborsreportedhavingheardthemfightingonthenightofthekilling.第一個(gè)嫌疑犯是死者的兒子。警察懷疑他謀殺了他的父親，因?yàn)猷従觽冊(cè)诎赴l(fā)當(dāng)晚曾聽到他們打架。(2)blamevt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé)n．責(zé)備；指責(zé)[例1]Theyplacedtheblameonthedoctor.[例2]Hetriedtoescapeblameforwhathehaddone.[翻譯]Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame．[知識(shí)拓展](1)betoblame(forsth.) (對(duì)某事)負(fù)有責(zé)任，應(yīng)受責(zé)備blamesb.forsth. 因某事責(zé)備某人；把某事歸咎于某人blamesth.onsb./sth. 把某事歸咎于某人/某事(2)put/laytheblameforsth.onsb. 將某事歸咎于某人take/beartheblameforsth. 對(duì)某事承擔(dān)責(zé)任[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/一句多譯Ifthathappens,thecoachwilltaketheblame______it.Youarenot______(blame)．Ican'tputtheblameonyou.Youshouldn'tblameJohn______thefailure.＝Y(jié)oushouldn'tblamethefailure______John.你們不應(yīng)該把這次失敗歸咎于約翰。eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)4)linkn.聯(lián)系；紐帶vt.把……連接起來(lái)；相關(guān)聯(lián)(教材P3)Moreover，SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.[例1]Thenewbridgewilllinktheislandtothemainland.[例2]Thenewcompanylinkedupwithseveralolderonesinself-protection.[知識(shí)拓展](1)link...to/with/and... 將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來(lái)其他類似表達(dá)berelatedto/join…to…/beassociatedwith/havesth.todowith/beconnectedwithlinkup 連接；結(jié)合linkupwith... 與……聯(lián)合；使與……銜接(2)alinkbetweenAandB A與B之間的聯(lián)系[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空ThenewtunnellinksBritain____France.Thecountry______(link)tothetownbyanewbridge.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)5)decreasen．減少；降低；減少量vt.&vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減小；降低(教材P3)ThroughSnow'stirelessefforts，watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater，andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.[例1]Thedecreaseinsaleswasalmost20percent.[例2]Hisinterestinthissubjectgraduallydecreases.[翻譯]Therehasbeenasharpdecreaseinpollutionsincethelawwasintroduced.[知識(shí)拓展](1)onthedecrease 在減少中adecreasein... 在……方面減少(2)decreaseto... 減少到……decreaseby... 減少了……decreasefrom...to... 從……減少到……反義詞increase[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空Becauseofhumanactivities，thenumberofsomerareanimalsis_____thedecrease.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)6)thanksto幸虧；由于(教材P3)Fortunately，wenowknowhowtopreventcholera，thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.[例1]Thankstohisresearch，theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.[例2]Thankstoyourhelp，weweresuccessful.[知識(shí)拓展]becauseofasaresultofduetoowingtoonaccountof [即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Asaresult_____thebadweather,thefootballmatchwasputoff.Theaccidentwasdue_____hiscarelessdriving.Itwasowing_____yourtimelyhelpthatwefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)7)transformvt.使改觀；使改變形態(tài)vi.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變tocompletelychangesth/sb.,especiallyinawaythatimprovesitorthem(教材P3)Moreover，inhisuseofmapsandstatistics，Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.[例1]Asteamenginetransformsheatintopower．[例2]Thingscannotbetransformedovernight.[知識(shí)拓展](1)transformAintoB 把A變成Btransformsth.fromAtoB 使……從A變成B(2)transformationn. 改變；改革[即學(xué)即練]Wearelivinginatimeofsocial_____(transform)．知識(shí)要點(diǎn)8pourvt.倒出；傾瀉；斟(飲料)(教材P7)Anon-Newtonianfluidisstrangebecauseyoucanpouritlikealiquid，butifyouputanypressureonit，itsuddenlybecomeshardasconcrete.[例1]Afterthemeetingthepeoplepouredoutincrowds.[例2]Peoplepouredintothehall.[翻譯]Thestormcloudsgatheredandtherainpoureddown．[知識(shí)拓展]pourin 涌進(jìn)(flood)pourinto 涌進(jìn)……;大量投入（金錢）于（某物）pourout 倒出；涌出；傾訴；盡情訴說(shuō)pouroutof/from... 從……中涌出來(lái)pourdown (雨)傾盆而降[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空Theraysofthesunpoured____throughthewindow.Sobbing，shepoured____thewholestory.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)9breakout(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始；爆發(fā)(教材P7)However，aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932，QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.[例1]Somethingunexpectedalwaysbreaksoutinthisarea.[例2]Iwasstillsleepingwhenthefirebrokeout，andthenitspreadquickly.[知識(shí)拓展]breakin 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入；打斷breakthrough 突破；沖破breakup 破碎；解散；（關(guān)系等）破裂breakoff 斷開；中斷；停頓breakawayfrom 逃脫；脫離breakinto 強(qiáng)行闖入；突然開始breakdown(機(jī)器等）出故障；（身體等）垮掉;分解；（計(jì)劃等）失??；（感情）失控[即學(xué)即練]完成句子He____myhouseandstolemymoney.②Themeeting____ateleveno'clock.Onceyoujointhem，youcannever____them.④Ifyougoonworkinglikethat，youwill____soonerorlater.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)10inchargeof主管；掌管(教材P8)Hereceivedahero'swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina'srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.[例1]I'llbeinchargeofthewholefactorynextweekwhenthedirectorisaway.[知識(shí)拓展]takechargeof 掌管/負(fù)責(zé)……chargesb.forsth. 為某物向某人收費(fèi)chargesb.withsth.指控freeofcharge 免費(fèi)insb.'scharge＝inthechargeofsb.由……主管(含被動(dòng)意義)oncharge充電中negative/positivecharge負(fù)正電荷charge向……沖；進(jìn)攻[即學(xué)即練]完成句子①Thecompanywasbadlyorganizeduntilshe____it.②Thecompanyis____Tomwhenthebossisaway.＝Tomisinchargeofthecompanywhenthebossisaway.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)11faultn.弱點(diǎn)；過(guò)錯(cuò)(教材P9)Aboveall，Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.[例1]Itwasallmyfault.[例2]Thereisafaultinthismachine.[翻譯]Hergreatestfaultisthatshetalkstoomuch.[知識(shí)拓展]findfaultwithsb. 挑剔某人；對(duì)某人吹毛求疵faultyadj.有錯(cuò)誤的，有缺陷的faultlessadj.=perfect完美的，無(wú)缺點(diǎn)的[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空Heisalwaysfindingfault____me，whichmakesmeveryangry.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)12defendvt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解(教材P7)However,aftertheSonghuBattle(淞滬會(huì)戰(zhàn))brokeoutin1932，QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.[例1]ThisismynativelandandI'lldefenditwithmylife![例2]Hehasemployedoneofthecounty'stoplawyerstodefendhim.[例3]Whataretheforwardsdoing----attackingordefending?[知識(shí)拓展](1)defendsb./sth.from/against...保護(hù)某人/某物免遭……；保衛(wèi)某人/某物免遭……用法類似的短語(yǔ)有prevent...(from),stop...(from),keep...from,protect...from/against,discourage...from等(2)defence/defensen.防御；保衛(wèi)；防御物indefenceof保衛(wèi)……；為……辯護(hù)(3)defendern.捍衛(wèi)者；保護(hù)者；防守隊(duì)員；后衛(wèi)(4)defensiveadj.防御的；防御用的；防御性的[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空=1\*GB3①(2020浙江)Terrified,ElliandItriedallthebear____(defend)actionsweknew.Manytreeswereplantedtheretodefendtheearthfrom____(wash)away.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)13castvt.(cast,cast)投射；向……投以（視線，笑容等）；投擲(教材p6)…anditcastsdifferentshadowsofyou.[例1]Thefishermancasthisnetintothewater.[例2]Hecastalookatthewoman.[例3]Doesthisinformationcastlightontheproblem?[知識(shí)拓展]castlighton闡明（某事）castashadow/cloudoversth.給某事投下一層陰影castalook/glanceatsb./sth.看（瞅）……一眼castavote投票castdown沮喪的[即學(xué)即練]翻譯Shealwaysseemstobecastinthesamesortofrole.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)14handle:vt.todealwith n.把手，把柄（教材p2）Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldn’tbeused.ThechildrenaresonaughtythatIcan'thandlethem.Thisshophandlespaperandstationery.Howshallwehandletheproblem.Ithasafreehandle.Helearnthowtohandletheaxe.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式1)“特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)(教材P2)Asayoungdoctor，JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera．[例1]Nooneknewhowtotreatthisdreadeddisease.[例2]Idon'tquiteknowwhattosayinanswertoyourquestion.[知識(shí)拓展](1)常見的特殊疑問(wèn)詞：疑問(wèn)代詞who，what，which等和疑問(wèn)副詞how，when，where等。(2)語(yǔ)法功能：該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于名詞性從句，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等(作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù))。(3)通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等動(dòng)詞后面的特殊疑問(wèn)代詞與構(gòu)成不定式的動(dòng)詞之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式通常用主動(dòng)形式。[即學(xué)即練]句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Theproblemiswheretoputthiscomputer.→Theproblemis__________②Whenwewillstarthasnotbeendecided.→__________hasnotbeendecided.eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式2)so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句(教材P2)Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.句式分析：句中so...that...意為“如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。[例1]Hewassofoolishthatheacceptedherinvitation.[知識(shí)拓展](1)soeq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(＋adj.或adv.,＋adj.＋a（n）＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,＋many/few＋復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,＋much/little（少的）＋不可數(shù)名詞))＋that...(2)sucheq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(a（n）＋adj.＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,adj.＋不可數(shù)名詞,adj.＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞))＋that...[即學(xué)即練]完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換Sheissolovelyagirlthatwealllikeher.→Sheis__________wealllikeher.→Such__________thatwealllikehereq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式)3“否定詞＋比較級(jí)”表示最高級(jí)(教材P7)PerhapsnootherscientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina'saerospacesciencethanQianXuesen.也許再?zèng)]有哪一位科學(xué)家比錢學(xué)森對(duì)中國(guó)航天科學(xué)的影響更大了。句式分析：句中no...greater...than為“否定詞＋形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)＋than”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示最高級(jí)。[例1]Unfortunately，thetechnologyofclimatechangeisnosimplerthananythingelse.不走運(yùn)的是，改變氣候的科技比任何事情都要復(fù)雜。[例2]Whatawonderfulnovel！Ihaveneverreadamoremovingone.多么好的一本小說(shuō)啊！我從未讀過(guò)比這更感人的了。[翻譯]Nootherbookhashadagreatereffectonmylife.[即學(xué)即練]完成句子①Ihavenev