動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)導(dǎo)學(xué)案 人教版九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)

初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)導(dǎo)學(xué)案初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)導(dǎo)學(xué)案適用地區(qū)：使用年級(jí)：初三年級(jí)出題人：陳通審核人：陳通使用時(shí)間：2022年1月1日目錄頁(yè)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)定義（1）頁(yè)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（3）頁(yè)一般過去時(shí)（4）頁(yè)一般將來時(shí)（4）頁(yè)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（5）頁(yè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（6）頁(yè)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（5）頁(yè)習(xí)題綜合（4）頁(yè)中考鏈接（8）頁(yè)考點(diǎn)一：定義英語(yǔ)中不同時(shí)間和方式發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)要用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不同形式來表示，這種表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)間和方式的動(dòng)詞形式稱作動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。

中文名：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

外文名：English

verb

tense

解釋:表示動(dòng)作方式的動(dòng)詞形式

分類：形容或表示各類動(dòng)作的詞匯時(shí)間和動(dòng)作的種類（初中階段）

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(do/does)

2.一般過去時(shí)(did)

3.一般將來時(shí)(will/shall

do),(be

going

to

do)

4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be

doing)

5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/were

doing)

6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has

done)

考點(diǎn)二：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)定義：表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。句式結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句式:主語(yǔ)(第-一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù))+動(dòng)詞原形

主語(yǔ)(第三人稱單數(shù))+動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式.

否定句式:主語(yǔ)(第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù))+助動(dòng)詞don'+動(dòng)詞原形.

主語(yǔ)(第三人稱單數(shù))+doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形

疑問句式:助動(dòng)詞Do+主語(yǔ)(第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù))+動(dòng)詞原形?

助動(dòng)詞Does+主語(yǔ)(第三人稱單數(shù))于動(dòng)詞原形?

肯定式:1

read

English

every

morning.我每天早上讀英語(yǔ)。

否定式:1

don't

read

English

every

tmorning.疑問式:Do

you

read

English

every

morning?

肯定式:She

has

lunch

at

school

on

weekdays.她上學(xué)日在學(xué)校吃午飯。否定式:She

doesn't

have

lunch

at

school

on

weekdays.

疑問式:Does

she

have

lunch

at

school

on

weekdays?用法：

經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：every……，usually,sometimes,at……

I

leave

home

for

school

at

7

every

morning.，twice

a

week：我每天早晨7點(diǎn)離開家去學(xué)校，一周兩次

(2)

客觀事實(shí)，普遍真理。

The

earth

moves

around

the

sun：地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)

Shanghai

lies

in

the

east

of

China：上海位于中國(guó)的東部

(3)

表示格言或警句中。

Pride

goes

before

a

fall.驕者必?cái)　?/p>

注意：（2）（3）的用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

例：Columbus

proved

that

the

earth

is

round：哥倫布證明了地球是圓的

(4)

現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。

I

don't

want

so

much：我不想那么多

Ann

Wang

writes

good

English

but

does

not

speak

well：Ann

Wang

的英文寫得很好但說得不好

比較：Now

I

put

the

sugar

in

the

cup：現(xiàn)在我在杯子里放了糖

I

am

doing

my

homework

now

（含義：我正在做我的家庭作業(yè)）

注：用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作Now

watch

me,I

switch

on

the

current

and

stand

back.

第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

(5)主將從現(xiàn)﹝主句用將來時(shí)

從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來﹞

①

I

will

tell

you,When

Li

Ming

comes

（含義：當(dāng)李明來的時(shí)候我會(huì)告訴你）

②

I'll

e-mail

you

as

soon

as

I

get

to

Beijing

（含義：我一到達(dá)北京就發(fā)電子郵件給你）

注

：一般從句為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句「由When

As

soon

as...引導(dǎo)的從句」條件狀語(yǔ)從句「由If...引導(dǎo)的從句」

（6）表示按計(jì)劃，規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但僅限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞

如：begin,come,leave,go等

The

meeting

begins

at

seven：會(huì)議七點(diǎn)開始隨堂檢測(cè)：用所給詞的正確形式填空1.

We

often___________(play)

on

the

playgound.

He

_________(get)

up

at

six

o

’

clock..__________you

_________(brush)

your

teeth

every

morning.

4.

What____

(do)

he

usually

_____(do)

after

school?

Danny

_______(study)

English,

Chinese,

maths,

science

and

art

at

school.

Mike

sometimes

__________(go)

to

the

park

with

his

sister.

7.

At

eight

at

night,

she

________(watch)

TV

with

his

parents.

8.

________

Mike________(read)

English

every

day?

9.

How

many

lessons

_____your

classmate____(have)

on

Monday考點(diǎn)三：一般過去時(shí)定義：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。句式結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句式:主語(yǔ)十動(dòng)詞過去式.

否定句式:主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞didn't+動(dòng)詞原形

疑問句式:助動(dòng)詞Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形?

肯定式:

She

did

some

washing

this

morning.。她今天早上上洗了衣服。

否定式:She

didn't

do

any

washing

this

morning.

疑問式:Did

she

do

any

washing

this

morning?用法：一般過去時(shí)

（1）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday,last

week,an

hour

ago,the

other

day,in

1982等。

Where

did

you

go

just

now

（含義：你剛才去哪里了？）

（2）表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。

When

I

was

a

kid,I

often

played

football

in

the

street

（含義：當(dāng)我還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，我經(jīng)常在街上踢足球）

Whenever

the

Browns

went

during

their

visit,they

were

given

a

warm

welcome

（含義：布朗一家無(wú)論什么時(shí)候去，都受到熱烈的歡迎）

(3）句型：

It

is

time

for

sb.

to

do

sth"到某人做某事時(shí)間了""某人該……了"

It

is

time

sb.

did

sth.

"時(shí)間已遲了""早該……了"

It

is

time

for

you

to

go

to

bed：你該睡覺了

It

is

time

you

went

to

bed：你早該睡覺了

would

(had)

rather

sb.

did

sth.表示'寧愿某人做某事'

I'd

rather

you

came

tomorrow

（含義：我寧愿你明天來）

(4)

wish,wonder,think,hope

等用過去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問、請(qǐng)求、建議等。

I

thought

you

might

want

some

（含義：我以為你想要一些）

比較：

一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。

Christine

was

an

invalid

all

her

life

(含義：她已不在人間。)

Christine

has

been

an

invalid

all

her

life

(含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)

Mrs.

Darby

lived

in

Kentucky

for

seven

years.

(含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs.

Darby

has

lived

in

Kentucky

for

seven

years.

(

含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)

注意：用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。

(1）動(dòng)詞want,hope,wonder,think,intend

等。

Did

you

want

anything

else：你還有什么事嗎？

I

wondered

if

you

could

help

me：不知你能不能幫我個(gè)忙

(2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,would.

Could

you

lend

me

your

bike：你能借給我你的自行車？

（3）used

to

/

be

used

to

used

to

+

do："過去常常"表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。

Mother

used

not

to

be

so

forgetful：媽媽過去不是這樣健忘

Scarf

used

to

take

a

walk.(過去常常散步)

be

used

to

+

doing：對(duì)……已感到習(xí)慣，或"習(xí)慣于"，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。

He

is

used

to

a

vegetarian

diet：他習(xí)慣于素食

Scarf

is

used

to

taking

a

walk.(現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于散步)隨堂檢測(cè)：Tom

and

Mary

___________

(come)

to

China

last

month.

Mary

__________

(read)

English

yesterday

morning.There

_________

(be)

no

one

here

a

moment

ago.I

___________

(call)

Mike

this

morning.I

listened

but

___________

(hear)

nothing.Tom

___________

(begin)

to

learn

Chinese

last

year.Last

week

we

_________

(pick)

many

apples

on

the

farm.My

mother

________________

(not

do)

housework

yesterday.She

watches

TV

every

evening.

But

she

_______________

(not

watch)

TV

last

night.考點(diǎn)四：一般將來時(shí)定義：表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。用法：

(1)shall用于第一人稱，常被will

所代替。

will

在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。

Which

paragraph

shall

I

read

first：我應(yīng)該先讀哪一段？

Will

you

be

at

home

at

seven

this

evening：你今晚七點(diǎn)在家嗎？

(2)be

going

to

+不定式，表示將來。

a.主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。

What

are

you

going

to

do

tomorrow：你打算明天干什么？

b.

計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。

The

play

is

going

to

be

produced

next

month：該活動(dòng)在下個(gè)月舉行

c.

有跡象要發(fā)生的事

Look

at

the

dark

clouds,there

is

going

to

be

a

storm：看那些烏云，暴風(fēng)雨就要來了

（3)be

+不定式表將來，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。

We

are

to

discuss

the

report

next

Saturday：我們下星期六將討論這份報(bào)告

（4)be

about

to

+不定式，意為馬上做某事。

He

is

about

to

leave

for

Beijing：他要去北京

注意：be

about

to

不能與tomorrow,next

week

等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

be

going

to

/

will

用于條件句時(shí)，

be

going

to表將來

will表意愿

If

you

are

going

to

make

a

journey,you'd

better

get

ready

for

it

as

soon

as

possible.

如果你要去旅行，你最好盡快準(zhǔn)備好

Now

if

you

will

take

off

your

clothes,we

will

fit

the

new

clothes

on

you

in

front

of

the

mirror.

現(xiàn)在如果你愿意脫下你的衣服，我們將在鏡子前為你穿上新衣服

be

to和be

going

to

be

to

表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。

be

going

to

表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。

I

am

to

play

football

tomorrow

afternoon.(客觀安排)

明天下午我要去踢足球

I'm

going

to

play

football

tomorrow

afternoon.

(主觀安排)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來

1）下列動(dòng)詞：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。這主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。

The

train

leaves

at

six

tomorrow

morning：火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開

—When

does

the

bus

star?

汽車什么時(shí)候開？

—It

stars

in

ten

minutes.

十分鐘后

2）倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如：

Here

comes

the

bus.

=

The

bus

is

coming.

There

goes

the

bell.

=

The

bell

is

ringing.

3）在時(shí)間或條件句中。

When

Bill

comes

(不是will

come),ask

him

to

wait

for

me：當(dāng)比爾來了，讓他等我

I'll

write

to

you

as

soon

as

I

arrive

there：當(dāng)我到達(dá)那里時(shí)，我會(huì)寫信給你

4）在動(dòng)詞hope,take

care

that,make

sure

that等后。

I

hope

they

have

a

nice

time

next

week：我希望他們下星期玩得愉快

Make

sure

that

the

windows

are

closed

before

you

leave

the

room：在離開房間前要確保窗子都關(guān)閉

用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來

意為："意圖"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用詞為

come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay等。

I'm

leaving

tomorrow：我明天就要走了

Are

you

staying

here

till

next

week：你要在這兒呆到下星期隨堂檢測(cè)：

(

)

1.

There

__________

a

meeting

tomorrow

afternoon.

A.

will

be

going

to

B.

will

going

to

be

C.

is

going

to

be

D.

will

go

to

be

(

)

2.

Charlie

________

here

next

month.

A.

isn’t

working

B.

doesn’t

working

C.

isn’t

going

to

working

D.

won’t

work

(

)

3.

He

_____

very

busy

this

week,

he

______free

next

week.

A.

will

be;

is

B.

is;

is

C.

will

be;

will

be

D.

is;

will

be

(

)

4.

There

_____a

dolphin

show

in

the

zoo

tomorrow

evening.

A.

was

B.

is

going

to

have

C.

will

have

D.

is

going

to

be

(

)

5.

–________

you

________

free

tomorrow?

–

No.

I

________

free

the

day

after

tomorrow.

A.

Are;

going

to;

will

B.

Are;

going

to

be;

will

C.

Are;

going

to;

will

be

D.

Are;

going

to

be;

will

be考點(diǎn)五：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)定義：表示即刻或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行者的某一動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成是：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞（am

/is

/are）+動(dòng)詞ing形式〔現(xiàn)

在分詞〕

1.

肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞（am

/is

/are）+動(dòng)詞ing+其他。

2.

否定句：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞（am

/is

/are）+not+動(dòng)詞ing+其他。

3.

一般疑問句：be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞ing+其他。

肯定回答：Yes，主語(yǔ)+

be.

否定回答：No，主語(yǔ)+

be

not.

4.

特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句

回答要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來回答。

注：is

not可以縮寫成isn‘t，are

not可以縮寫成aren’t，但是am

not在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中不可以縮寫。在現(xiàn)

在進(jìn)行時(shí)里，所有的be動(dòng)詞都是am、is、are，be動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞一定是ing形式。用法：當(dāng)句中出現(xiàn)的表示時(shí)間的詞是now，at

the

moment，；（此刻、現(xiàn)

在）等時(shí)，表示句子要說明的是現(xiàn)

在正在發(fā)生的事，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)

在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

Linda's

brother

is

watching

TV

in

his

bedroom

now.

現(xiàn)

在，琳達(dá)的哥哥正在他的臥室里看電視。

We're

far

from

home.

What

are

our

parents

doing

at

the

moment?

現(xiàn)

在，我們遠(yuǎn)離家了，我們的父母此刻在干什么呢？

2、當(dāng)句中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是these

days，this

week，this

month,this

term

等時(shí)，如果句子所要表達(dá)的意義是在這一階段正在發(fā)生的事，則動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)

在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

These

days

we

are

helping

the

farmers

work

on

the

farm.

這些天我們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)幫農(nóng)民們干活。

They're

having

a

test

this

week.

這一周，他們?cè)谶M(jìn)行一次考試。

Mr

Cheng

is

visiting

our

village

this

month.

這個(gè)月，程先生在我們村訪問。

3、在句中出現(xiàn)了Look，Listen，Can't

you

see?

等暗示詞時(shí)，說明后面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，該動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)

在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

Look!

Maria

and

Tom

are

dancing

under

the

tree.

看！瑪麗亞和湯姆正在樹下跳舞。

Listen!

Our

English

teacher

is

singing

the

popular

English

song.

聽！我們英語(yǔ)老師正在唱那首流行的英文歌曲。

Many

children

are

swimming

in

the

river.

Can't

you

see?

許多小孩在河里游泳，你難道看不見嗎？

4、注意根據(jù)上下文的暗示，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可能應(yīng)用現(xiàn)

在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

—

Where

is

Mr

Wang?

—王先生在哪兒？

—

Oh,

he

is

reading

a

newspaper

in

the

office.

—

噢，他正在辦公室看報(bào)。

（問句詢問王先生在哪兒，應(yīng)說明他現(xiàn)

在在哪兒，故答句應(yīng)說明他現(xiàn)

在正在做的事，用現(xiàn)

在進(jìn)行時(shí)。）

—Is

that

boy

Jack?

—那個(gè)男孩是杰克嗎？

—

No,Jack

is

doing

his

homework

in

the

classroom.

—不是，杰克正在教室做作業(yè)呢。

（答句中說明的杰克做作業(yè)的情況應(yīng)發(fā)生在現(xiàn)

在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)

在進(jìn)行時(shí)。）

5、現(xiàn)

在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來，主要用于表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常有“意圖”“決定”的意思

They’re

getting

married

next

month.

他們下個(gè)月結(jié)婚。

1、在英語(yǔ)中，并不是所有的動(dòng)詞都要使用正在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如一些表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動(dòng)詞，一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而是用一般現(xiàn)

在時(shí)表示。例如：

I

hear

someone

singing.

我正聽見有人唱歌。

Do

you

see

anyone

over

there?

你看到那里有什么人嗎？

What

does

he

think

of

it?

他覺得這怎么樣？

如果這些詞使用正在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，句子帶有某種感情色彩。例如：

Are

you

seeing

someone

off?

你在給誰(shuí)送行嗎？

They

are

hearing

an

English

talk.

他們?cè)诼犚粋€(gè)英語(yǔ)報(bào)告。

2、現(xiàn)

在進(jìn)行時(shí)還有另外一種含義，即它們能表達(dá)即將發(fā)生的事情，相當(dāng)于一般將來時(shí)。能夠用來表示將來狀況的動(dòng)詞有：arrive，come，do，get，go，leave，meet，play，return，see，spend，start，stay，wear，work

等。

We

are

leaving

on

Friday。

我們星期五離開。

Are

you

going

anywhere

tomorrow？

你明

天準(zhǔn)備去哪兒？

A

foreign

guest

is

giving

a

lecture

this

afternoon。

今

天下午一個(gè)外國(guó)客人將給我們作報(bào)告。

Are

you

staying

here

till

next

week?

你打算在這里呆到下個(gè)星期嗎？

在表示將來的情況下，特別是be

going

to

do

sth

這種結(jié)構(gòu)，已經(jīng)沒有多少“去”的意思了，幾乎就是用來表達(dá)“將要、打算”做什么事情。例如：

It

is

going

to

be

rather

cold

tomorrow。

明

天很可能非常冷。

She

is

not

going

to

speak

at

the

meeting。她不打算在那個(gè)會(huì)上發(fā)言。

3、當(dāng)其與always，forever，continually，constantly

等副詞連用時(shí)表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作，有著極大的感情色彩，表示不滿或滿意。

Ⅰ、She

is

perpetually

interfering

in

my

affairs.

她老是干預(yù)我的事。

（不滿）

Ⅱ、The

students

are

making

progress

constantly.

學(xué)生們?cè)诓粩噙M(jìn)步。

（滿意）

現(xiàn)

在進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志有很多，如：listen，look，now，these

days，Be

quiet!/Don't

talk

等等。隨堂檢測(cè)：

Miss

Guo___

(teach)

us

Chinese

this

term.

She____

(be)

a

very

good

teacher.

She

often____

(talk)

with

us

after

class.

Many

of

us

like____

(talk)

with

her.

Now,

she___

(talk)

with

Lily

2.

Listen!

Who____(read)

English?

Han

Meimei

is.

She

often_____(read)

English

in

the

evening.考點(diǎn)六：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)定義：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)跨在兩個(gè)時(shí)間之上，一是過去，一是現(xiàn)在。他的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但是對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響。用法：

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：have

(has)

+過去分詞。

比較過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

(1）過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

(2）過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：

yesterday,last

week，…ago,in1980,in

October,just

now,具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：

this

morning,tonight,this

April,now,once，before,already,recently，lately

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

for,since,ever,never,just,yet,till

/

until,up

to

now,in

past

years,always,

不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

(3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.

過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get

married等。

舉例：

I

saw

this

film

yesterday：我昨天看了這部電影

（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。）

I

have

seen

this

film：我已經(jīng)看過這部電影

（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）

Why

did

you

get

up

so

early

（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過了。）

Who

hasn't

handed

in

his

paper

（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。）

She

has

returned

from

Paris：她已從巴黎回來了。

She

returned

yesterday：她是昨天回來了。

He

has

been

in

the

League

for

three

years：他在團(tuán)中已經(jīng)三年

(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))

He

has

been

a

League

member

for

three

years：他連續(xù)三年被一個(gè)團(tuán)內(nèi)的成員

(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))

He

joined

the

League

three

years

ago：他三年前入團(tuán)

(

三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。)

I

have

finished

my

homework

now.

---Will

somebody

go

and

get

Dr.

White

---He's

already

been

sent

for.

句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如

yes

terday,last,week,in

1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)。

（錯(cuò)）Tom

has

written

a

letter

to

his

parents

last

night.

（對(duì)）Tom

wrote

a

letter

to

his

parents

last

night.

用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型

1）It

is

the

first

/

second

time….

that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

It

is

the

first

time

that

I

have

visited

the

city.

It

was

the

third

time

that

the

boy

had

been

late.

2）This

is

the…

that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that

從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).

This

is

the

best

film

that

I've

(ever)

seen.

這是我看過的最好的電影。

This

is

the

first

time

(that)

I've

heard

him

sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。介詞用法：since和for

Since

用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。

I

have

lived

here

for

more

than

twenty

years：我已經(jīng)在這兒住了二十多年了

I

have

lived

here

since

I

was

born：我從出生就住在這里

My

aunt

has

worked

in

a

clinic

since

1949：我的阿姨自1949以來在診所工作

Some

new

oilfields

have

been

opened

up

since

1976：一些新的油田自1976年已開放

I

have

known

Xiao

Li

since

she

was

a

little

girl：我從小李是個(gè)小女孩時(shí)就認(rèn)識(shí)她

My

brother

has

been

in

the

Youth

League

for

two

years：我的哥哥入團(tuán)已經(jīng)兩年了

I

have

not

heard

from

my

uncle

for

a

long

time：我已經(jīng)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒有收到我叔叔的來信了

注意：并非有for

作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

I

worked

here

for

more

than

twenty

years.

(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)

I

have

worked

here

for

many

years.

(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)

小竅門：當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+一段時(shí)間，這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，我們用下面的公式轉(zhuǎn)化，很容易就能排除非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中的誤使。

1)(對(duì))

Tom

has

studied

Russian

for

three

years.

=

Tom

began

to

study

Russian

thre

e

years

ago,and

is

still

studying

it

now.

2)(錯(cuò))

Harry

has

got

married

for

six

years.

=

Harry

began

to

get

married

six

years

ago,and

is

still

getting

married

now.

顯然，第二句不對(duì)，它應(yīng)改為

Harry

got

married

six

years

ago.或

Harry

has

been

married

for

six

years.

時(shí)態(tài)用法

1)

since

+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980,last

month,half

past

six)。

I

have

been

here

since

1989

2)

since

+一段時(shí)間+

ago

I

have

been

here

since

five

months

ago

3)

since

+從句

Great

changes

have

taken

place

since

you

left

Considerable

time

has

elapsed

since

we

have

been

here

4)

It

is

+一段時(shí)間+

since從句

It

is

two

years

since

I

became

a

postgraduate

student.

延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞

1)

用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；

瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)

果，不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

He

has

completed

the

work.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。(表結(jié)果)

I've

known

him

since

then.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷)

2)用于till

/

until從句的差異

延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……"

瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"

He

didn't

come

back

until

ten

o'clock.

他到10

點(diǎn)才回來。

He

slept

till

ten

o'clock.

他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。

值得注意的是，在till(until)引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)問題較為復(fù)雜。till(until)-從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往用一般時(shí)態(tài)來表示。例如：

He

does

not

go

to

school

till(until)

the

cock

crows

at

nine

in

the

morning.

They

will

live

in

Chicago

till(until)

William

finishes

his

thesis.

She

waited

till(until)

I

returned.隨堂檢測(cè)：

(

)1.

I

have

finished

my

homework

____.

Have

you

finished

your

homework

____?

A.

yet,

yet

B.

yet,

already

C.

already,

yet

D.

already,

already

2.

(

)He

has

____

seen

the

film

HarryPotter.

So

he

knows

nothing

about

it.

A.

already

B.

ever

C.

never

D.

yet

3.

(

)The

rain

was

heavy,

so

I

get

home

until

9:00

pm.

A.

had

to

B.didn't

have

to

C.

have

D.

must

4.

(

)-

have

you

been

here?

-3

years.

A.

How

often

B.How

long

C.How

far

D.

How考點(diǎn)七：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（選擇性學(xué)習(xí)☆）定義：表示過去某一時(shí)刻或過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

形式：was

/were

+

V-ing

表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

一、結(jié)構(gòu)

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)=主語(yǔ)+was/were+doing+其它

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)否定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)=主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+doing+其它

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般疑問句基本結(jié)構(gòu)=Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+doing+其它

答語(yǔ)：Yes,主語(yǔ)

was/were.

或No,主語(yǔ)

wasn't/weren’t.

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)特殊疑問句基本結(jié)構(gòu)=特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句+其它

以下是各種句型的例句：

1.We

were

having

supper

when

the

phone

rang.

我們正在吃晚飯時(shí)，電話響了?

2.This

time

yesterday

Jack

was

not

watching

TV.

昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候杰克沒看電視。

3.He

was

repairing

his

bike.

他在修理自行車。

4.When/While

we

were

having

supper,

the

light

went

out.

我們正在吃飯時(shí)，燈熄滅了。

5.While

we

were

talking,

the

teacher

came

in.

當(dāng)我們正在談話時(shí),老師進(jìn)來了。

6.While

he

was

waiting

for

the

bus,

he

was

reading

a

newspaper.

他邊等車邊看報(bào)。

7.He

was

cleaning

his

car

while

I

was

cooking.

他擦車時(shí)，我正在做飯。

8.Tom

was

getting

up

at

six

o’clock

every

day

that

week.

湯姆那一周里每天都是六點(diǎn)鐘起床。

二、含義

·

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

1.While

you

were

writing

letters，I

was

reading

a

book.

你寫信的時(shí)候，我在看書。

2.While

we

were

having

breakfast，John

was

talking

on

the

tele-phone.

我們吃早飯的時(shí)候，約翰在打電話。

·

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)在一個(gè)句子里使用，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于主句，亦可用于從句。

1.Just

as

I

was

leaving

the

house，the

telephone

rang.

我正要出門，電話鈴響了。（用于從句）

2.He

broke

his

leg

when

he

was

playing

football.

他踢足球的時(shí)候把腿傷了。（用于從句）

3.She

was

reading

when

he

called.

他來訪時(shí)，她正在看書。（用于主句）

三、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)在句子中的作用

1、表示原因。例句：

I

didn’t

hear

what

you

said;I

was

looking

at

the

picture.

我沒有聽見你的話，我在看那幅畫。

2、對(duì)所說的話進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。在小說的對(duì)話中，有時(shí)引述動(dòng)詞不用一般過去時(shí)，而用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，意在強(qiáng)調(diào)所說的話，語(yǔ)氣較重，且更為生動(dòng)。例句：

A：“Did

they

catch

her?”Mary

was

asking.

“他們抓住她了嗎？”只聽得瑪麗問道。

B:”No,she

escaped.”Tom

told

her.

“沒有，她逃走了?！睖犯嬖V她。

3、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)還可和when結(jié)構(gòu)遙相呼應(yīng)，含有意外之意。例句：

I

was

walking

in

the

street

when

someone

called

me.

我正在街上走時(shí)突然有人喊我。

4、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)淼牟孪肭闆r，有時(shí)表示不耐煩等情緒。例句：

I

was

going

to

phone

you,but

I

just

didn’t

have

time.

我本想給你打電話的，但就是沒有時(shí)間。

The

basketball

match

was

taking

place

the

next

day,but

it

had

to

be

canceled

because

of

the

heavy

rain.

籃球賽原定第二天舉行的，但因大雨不得不取消。

5、用來陳述原因或用作借口。

She

went

to

the

doctor

yesterday.

She

was

having

a

lot

of

trouble

with

her

heart.

她昨天去看病了。她患了很嚴(yán)重的心臟病。

6、與always,constantly等詞連用，表示感情色彩。例句:

The

girl

was

always

changing

her

mind.

這女孩老是改變主意。

7、表示動(dòng)作的未完成性。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作的未完成性，即對(duì)某事了解的不全面，希望得到更詳細(xì)的情況。例句：

I

was

hearing

Susan

had

entered

the

college.

我聽說蘇珊上了大學(xué)。

8、表示繼續(xù)剛剛中斷的談話，用于日常生活中。例句：

As

I

were

telling

you,the

boy

took

his

stubbornness

from

his

father.

正想我剛剛告訴你的，這孩子的犟脾氣是他爸爸遺傳給他的。

As

she

was

telling

me,we

must

depend

upon

ourselves

to

make

our

own

way

as

best

we

can.

正如她所告訴我的，我們必須依靠自己竭盡全力走自己的路。

9、表示婉轉(zhuǎn)語(yǔ)氣，只限于want,hope,wonder等動(dòng)詞，用以提出請(qǐng)求。例句：

I

was

wondering

if

you

could

help

me.

我想知道你是否能夠幫助我。

10、表示對(duì)比。

例句：

He

was

not

sitting

idle,he

was

making

preparations.

他沒有閑坐著，他在做準(zhǔn)備。

While

the

children

were

playing

in

the

shade,their

parents

were

working

in

the

scorching

sun.

孩子們?cè)跇涫a下玩耍，而他們的父母卻在烈日下勞作?？键c(diǎn)八：習(xí)題綜合閱讀下列短文并用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（A）Air(1)(have)nocolorandnotaste.It(2)_____(notsee),butitiseverywhere.Whenwefillaglasswithwater,thewater(3)(push)theairoutoftheglass.Thoughwe(4)__________(notsee)air,it(5)(take)upspace.Let’smakesureit(6)(notfall)outwhentheglass(7)(turn)upsidedown.Nowlet’sdoanexperiment.Firststick(粘)apieceofpaperonthebottomofaglass,secondturnitupsidedownandpushitintoabasinofwateruntiltheglass(8)(cover)bywater.Thentakeitoutofthewater,you(9)(see)thatthepaperisstilldry.Theairinsidetheglasstakesupspaceand(10)__________(keep)thewaterout.(B)Thesedays,moreandmoreyoungpeoplewish(1)_________(be)morebeautiful,sotheyturntoplasticsurgery(整形手術(shù))forhelp.Theyspendthousandsofyuanonthesepainfulsurgeriestofixtheirnose,tochangetheireyelid(眼皮)ortotakeoffweightfromtheirstomachs.Infact,mostpeople(2)(notbe)pleasedwiththeirlooks.Eventhemostbeautifulactressesoftenwishthey(3)(change)somethingabouttheirlooks.Shouldweliveourwholelives(4)_________(believe)weareugly?Whynotraiseourheadhighandbelievethatweareasbeautifulasothers?Asmileisbeautifulonanyface,whetherfat,oilyorhairy.Andakindheartismuchmorebeautifulthanaprettylook.So,let’s(5)(feel)gratefulthatweallhavebeautifulandhealthybodiesthat(6)__________(notneed)surgeries!Today,Icallonyou(7)(make)aneasychange:holdyourheadhigh,smileandbekindtoothers.Ifyou(8)(do)these,you(9)(be)fullofconfidence,beauty,andwarmtheverywhereyou(10)__________(go).(C)EyedoctorsinShanghaifoundoutthatthenearsightedness(近視)amongprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentshassomething(1)(do)withthecolorofthepaperintheirtextbooksandnotebooks.Thedoctorssuggestedthatyellowpapershouldbeusedtoreplacethewhiteone.Accordingtotheirresearch,theexperts(2)(find)outwhitepaperreflectstoomuchlightandeasilytiresaperson’seyes.Theyellowpaper,however,(3)(notlook)sosharptoaperson’seyes.Inotherwords,it(4)________(be)muchmilder(柔和)totheeyesofstudentswho(5)(do)readingorwritingforhours.Theexpert’sresearchfindings(6)_______(base)onfirsthandinformationandanumberofscientificexperimentsincludinganewstudyamongthestudentsfromforty-onemiddleschools.Tomakethestudents(7)(understand)thetruth,ShanghaiEducationDevelopmentCo.Ltd(8)______(produce)textbooksandexercise-books(9)______(make)ofyellowpaper.Thebooks(10)____________(use)inthewholecitysoon.(D)Henrylikeddrinkingand(1)(spend)allhismoneyonit.Sohestolesomemoneyfromtheshop.Mr.Hunt,theshopkeeper,(2)(tell)aboutitandsenthimaway.Everyoneinthetown(3)(know)aboutitandhegotintotrouble.OnemorningHenrygotupathalfpasttwelve.Hetried(4)(find)somethingtoeat,buthefailed.Whenhe(5)(walk)inthestreet,hehopedtotryhisluckinthecrowd.Suddenly,hesawalotofpeople(6)_________(stand)atacomerofthebuilding.Hehurriedthereandfoundthatanoldmanwassellingteapotsthere.Henryfoundtheoldmanalwaysputthemoneyintoaredteapotafterhe(7)(sell)one.Henrypretendedtochoosetheteapotsandwasgoingtostealtheredone.Whentheoldmanwasbusy(8)(receive)severalwomen’smoney,hetooktheredteapotaway.Butithadnobottomandthemoneydroppedontotheground.Hestoodthereanddidn’tknowwhat(9)(do).“Ifyouwantateapot,you’dbetter(10)(choose)anintact(完整無(wú)缺的)one!”theoldmansaidwithasmile.(E)Wemusthavewatertolive,andifthewaterweuse(1)__________(be)notclean,itcanmakeus(2)______(become)sick.Theanimalsthatliveinandaroundlakesandriversmustalsohavecleanwater.Ourriversandlakessupplymostofourwater,buttheclear,bluewater(3)(find)bythefirstAmericanshaschanged.Manyofourwatersourcesnow(4)____(pollute).Theyarefilledwithdirtandwaste,whichishard(5)_______(get)ridof.Inmanyplaces,waterisnotsafeformostuses.LakeErie(6)(be)onceabeautifullake,butthenpeopledumpedwastefromtheirhomesandfactoriesintoit.Fish(7)(notlive)inmuchofitspollutedwater.Nowit(8)________(call)"adyinglake".Watercan’t(9)(make)inafactory.Wehavelearnedthatoncewaterispolluted,itishardtomakeitcleanandsafe.Wemustremember(10)(take)careofthewaterwenowhave.(F)Everyonehashisteachers.I(1)(notforget)MissDong,myfirstEnglishteacher,allmylife.SheisthebestteacherI(2)(have)sofar.Sheisnottall,butshe(3)______(have)bigeyes.Hervoice(4)_______(sound)beautifulandshespeaksEnglishverywell.Thatwasmyimpression(印象)ofherwhenwe(5)(be)firstinherclass.She(6)(teach)uscarefullyandalwaysgaveuschances(7)(speak)English.Wheneverourroleplay(8)(finish),shewouldspeakhighlyofus.Andwebecameveryinterestedin(9)(learn)English.Onedaywhenwe(10)_______(play)agameinherclass,Ifelldownhard.Shewasveryworriedandsentmetothehospitalatonce.Sheisnotonlyagoodteacherbutalsoakindmother.Iwishmydearteacherhappinessandgoodluck.參考答案：參考答案：(A)1.has2.can’tbeseen3.willpush4.can’tsee5.takes6.won’tfall7.isturned8.iscovered9.willsee 10.keeps(B)1.tobe2.arenot3.couldchange 4.believing5.feel6.don’tneed7.tomake8.do9.willbe10.go(C)1.todo2.find3.doesn’tlook4.is5.do6.werebased7.understand8.hasproduced9.made10.willbeused(D)1.spent2.wastold3.knew4.tofind5.waswalking6.standing7.sold/hadsold8.receiving9.todo10.choose(E)1.is2.become3.found4.havebeenpolluted5.toget6.was7.couldn’tlive8.iscalled9.bemade10.totake(F)1.won’t/willnotforget2.havehad3.has4.sounds5.were6.taught7.tospeak8.wasfinished9.learning10.wereplaying 考點(diǎn)九 ：中考鏈接動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用專題山東省臨沂市羅莊區(qū)2021年中考一模英語(yǔ)試題根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，必要時(shí)可加助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

Aspecialplanewastakingthepanda,BeiBei,andthetwoofthezoo’sstaffmembers(工作人員)—apandakeeperandadoctor—fromWashington(華盛頓)toChengdu.Duringthetrip,BeiBei57(provide)withasupplyofhistreatsincludingbamboo,apples,pears,carrots,cookedsweetpotatoes.BeforeheleftWashington,thousandsofpeoplejoined“ByeBye,BeiBei”.Duringtheactivity,manypeople58(be)sadforBeiBei’sleaving.TheyhopedhewouldlovehisnewhomeinChina,andtheyhopedtovisithimtheresomeday.Su,BeiBei’snewkeeperinChina,59(work)attheChengduResearchbasesinceshecompletedheruniversityin2016.“IfeelverynervouswhenIreceivethetaskbecauseBeiBeihasreceivedalotofattention.ButIthinkI60(do)wellbecauseIhaveexperienceinpandamanagement,”Susaid.“Ihavetakencareofabouttenpandasbefore.”Susaidshehadpreparedalotforhisarrival.ShehasplannedtospendtwoweeksallowingBeiBei61(get)toknowhervoice.Shewillalsotrainhimhowtostandandsit.“Pandaslikesweetfood,”Susaid.“Insteadofsugarcane(甘蔗),wewillfeedBeiBeiwithhoney,”she62(add).Su’sdailyworkincludescleaninghisden(窩)andfeedingthepandafourtimesduringthedaytime.Atnight,BeiBeimaywaketwoorthreetimestoeatandthenfallasleep,soSuwilluseanapp(應(yīng)用)onherphonetomonitorhim.Chengduisthehomeofpandas.SowebelievethatBeiBeiwillgetusedto63(live)herequickly.七、動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用（57—63小題）（一）答案：57.wasprovided58.were59.hasworked60.can/willdo61.toget62.added 63.living（二）評(píng)分說明：1.本大題共7分，每小題1分。2.每小題只能寫一個(gè)答案，如果寫了兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上答案，即使其中一個(gè)是對(duì)的，也不得分；有大小寫錯(cuò)誤、拼寫錯(cuò)誤或語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，該小題不得分；有與答案不符者，只要符合本題要求，句意和語(yǔ)法正確，也可得分。山東省臨沂市羅莊區(qū)2020年中考一模英語(yǔ)試題根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，必要時(shí)可加助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。WorldPangolin(穿山甲)DayisonthethirdSaturdayofFebruaryeachyear.Thisyear,2020,it69(fall)onFeb.15.It’sadaytohelppeopleknowmoreaboutpangolins.PangolinsareanimalsthatliveinAfricaandAsia.Theyhavescales(鱗片)ontheirskinandeatants.Pangolinsareimportantanimalsbecausetheyhelp70(protect)treesinforests.However,pangolinsaren