UniGifGivingandReceivingEiquee送禮與受禮禮儀

UnitEighteenGiftGivingandReceivingEtiquette送禮與受禮禮儀FocalPoints1.Howtogiveandreceivegiftsinbusiness2.Howtochooseappropriategiftsfordifferentoccasions3.GeneralgiftingtipsContentsLeadin1ReadingA2ReadingB3ReadingC45ExercisesTestyourcrossculturalgift-givingetiquette.Warming-up1.IfinvitedtoahousefordinnerinTurkey,whichofthesewouldyoutake?A.MoneyB.PastriesC.Whiskey2.GiftsareopenedinfrontofthegiverinIndonesia.A.TrueB.False3.WhatcolorwouldyousuggestwrappingagiftinforaclientinIndia?A.GreenB.WhiteC.Black4.InBoliviawhatcolorflowerswouldmakeapoorchoiceforagift?A.WhiteB.RedC.Yellow√√√√Testyourcrossculturalgift-givingetiquette.Warming-up5.WhengivingorreceivingagiftinChina,youshouldsodousing...A.BothhandsB.RighthandC.Lefthand6.InJapangiftsareconsideredbribes.A.TrueB.False7.InBelgiumwhenshouldgiftsbegiventoahost?A.AfterthemealB.BeforethemealC.Duringthemeal8.WhichofthesegiftsisthemostappropriateforaSaudibusinessassociate?A.GoldwatchB.SilverPenC.SilkTie√√√√GivingandReceivingGiftsinBusiness

Givingandreceivinggiftscauseconsiderableconcerninbusiness,forobvious

reasons.Giftscanbeusedappropriatelytothankclientsforbusiness,torewardsomeoneforajobwelldone,tocelebrateapromotion,ortocommemoratealong-termrelationship.Butgift-givingcanalsoveerintoundueinfluenceandbribery.Twokindsofgift-givingoccurinbusiness.Thefirstkind—betweencolleaguesand/orsupervisors—iseasiertojustifyandislessfraughtwithdangerthanthesecondkind—gift-givingbetweencompanies.

ReadingAUnitEighteenGiftGivingandReceivingEtiquetteGivingandReceivingGiftsinBusinessGift-givingbetweencoworkers,especiallyduringtheholidayseason,isacommonpracticeatmanycompanies.Ifyouworkforsuchacompany,you’llbeconsideredchurlishifyoudon’tparticipate.Thissituationisoneofthosecoercedactsofgenerositythatyoureallycan’tignoreorbelittle,sobitethebulletandjoinin.Giftsforcoworkersdon’thavetobelavishandoughtnottobetoopersonal.Somethingacolleaguecanuseintheoffice,suchasacoffeemugorapictureframe,isjustfine.ReadingAUnitEighteenGiftGivingandReceivingEtiquetteGivingandReceivingGiftsinBusinessGroupgiftsforweddings,babies,andretirementsarethenorm.Hereagain,don’tpresumetoknowyourrecipientsowellthatyougethimsomethingpersonal.Focusontheutilitarianandthepractical,nottheexcitingorthealluring.Giftsforbossesareadifferentmatteraltogether.Thereiscauseforconcernwithgivingagifttoaboss.Youmaylooklikeyou’retryingtocurryfavorwithheror,worse,bribeher.Besides,ifyouspendtoomuch,yourboss—who,afterall,knowswhatyoumake—maydecidethatyou’reatoadyingfool.Followthesesimpleguidelines:Extravagantgift-givingisbothbadstrategyandpoortaste.Othersmaynotshareyourloveoflavishgifts,andtheymayresentyouforgoingoverboard.ReadingAUnitEighteenGiftGivingandReceivingEtiquetteGivingandReceivingGiftsinBusinessSendgroupgiftsratherthanindividualgiftstobosses.Sendingacardorflowerstoyourbossifhehasbeenillorinthehospitalisallright.However,flowersaren’talwaysallowed.Checkwiththehospitalfirst.

GiftsbetweencompaniesGift-givingbetweencompaniesorbetweenemployeesofdifferentcompaniesisathornyissue—sothorny,infact,thatmostorganizationshaveexplicitrulesgoverningthepractice.Thefollowingsectionsdiscusstwokindsofcorporategift-giving:giftsthatyouoryourcompanypresentstoothers,andgiftsthatyouoryourcompanyreceivesfromothers.ReadingAUnitEighteenGiftGivingandReceivingEtiquetteGivingandReceivingGiftsinBusinessGivinggifts

Companiescommonlygivegiftstoclientsandcustomersduringtheholidayseason.Solongasthegiftisn’tostentatious,thispracticedoesn’tseemtobeanattempttocurryfavor,andsolongasthegiftisreasonablywellmade,itdoesn’tseemlikeanattempttodumppromotionalitems.Becarefulwithhumorousgifts.Ifyouaren’tsurethattherecipientwillbepleasantlyamused,don’tsendit.ReceivinggiftsYoureallyhaveonlyonethingtoconsider:Knowyourcompany’spolicyaboutreceivinggifts!Somecompaniesdon’tallowemployeestoreceiveanygiftsworthmorethan,say,$25;othersrequireallgiftsworthmorethanaspecifiedamounttobedisclosedtosupervisorsorothermanagers.ReadingAUnitEighteenGiftGivingandReceivingEtiquetteGivingandReceivingGiftsinBusinessProblemsarisewhenyoureceiveagiftthatviolatescompanypolicy.IfyoureceiveseasonticketsfortheGreenBayPackers,forexample,andyourcompanyforbidsacceptanceofanygiftsworthmorethan$100,you’’repainfullyobligedtodeclinethegift.Ouch!Ifyou’’reinthispredicament,youprobablywillhavetowritealetterdecliningthegift.Composetheletterinwhichyoudeclineagiftcarefully,focusingonyourcompany’’spolicyonreceivinggifts,ratherthanonyourpersonalfeelings.Thecompany’’spolicypreventsyoufromacceptingthegift,notyourowndispleasure.ReadingAUnitEighteenGiftGivingandReceivingEtiquetteFindingAppropriateGiftsforEveryOccasionAfteryoufigureoutwhengivingandreceivingagiftisappropriate,youmaystillbemystifiedbytheprospectofchoosingagift.Luckily,youhaveonlyafewchoicestomake.Makethesedistinctionsbetweenpersonalandbusinessgifts:Ifyouknowaclientorcolleaguewell,socializingoutsideabusinesscontextonaregularbasis,youmaywanttogiveapersonalgiftforabirthday,promotion,orholiday.Sendordeliversuchagifttotheperson’’shome.ReadingBUnitEighteenGiftGivingandReceivingEtiquetteFindingAppropriateGiftsforEveryOccasionIfyouwanttogiveabusinessgift,firstfamiliarizeyourselfwithyourfirm’’sgiftpolicy,ifany.Professionalgiftscanbequitevaried,fromfoodorwinetosmallconveniences(suchasabusiness-cardholderoranewpen)toofficeitems(suchasapictureframeoracomputeraccessory).Ifyouknowyourclientwellenoughtohavevisitedherofficemanytimes,youmayhavehadtheopportunitytodivineawelcomeaddition.Justasadistinctionexistsbetweenpersonalandprofessionalgifts,adistinctionexistsbetweenperishableandlastinggifts:ReadingBUnitEighteenGiftGivingandReceivingEtiquetteFindingAppropriateGiftsforEveryOccasionPerishablegiftsare,asthenameimplies,giftsthathaveashortlife,suchasfood,flowers,andwine.Perishablegiftsarefineformostprofessionalgift-givingbetweencompaniesandbetweenpeoplewhodon’’tknoweachotherwell.Flowerscanbegreatgifts,butifyousendlong-stemmedrosestoanadministrativeassistantasathank-youforheroutstandingaccomplishmentingettingeveryoneorganized,yousendthewrongmessage.Rosestraditionallyhaveromanticovertones,whichisn’taprofessionalmessage.Tulips,atastefulmixedbouquet,orafloweringplantwouldbeabetterchoice.ReadingBUnitEighteenGiftGivingandReceivingEtiquetteFindingAppropriateGiftsforEveryOccasionLastinggiftsareintendedtolastlonger——perhapsevenalifetime.Lastinggiftsarebetterreservedforespeciallysignificanteventsandforeventsyouwanttheothercompanyorpersontorememberforalongtime.Whetheragiftistemporaryorpermanent,personalorprofessional,takecaretopresentitcompetentlywrappedandwithacard.Otherwise,yourintentionswillbesabotagedbyyourshoddypresentation.Ifyoucan’’twrapabox,getsomeoneelsetodoit,suchasthecustomer-servicecounteratthestorewhereyoupurchasethegift.Itisbettertogivethantoreceive.Ingiving,youextendyoureverydaykindnesstoanactwhoseonlygoaliskindness.ReadingBUnitEighteenGiftGivingandReceivingEtiquette10TipsforGift-giversandGift-receiversThepurposeofgivinggiftsistobringjoytoboththegiverandreceiver,promotegoodwill,andmakeforacloserrelationship.However,ifgift-givinggoesamiss,thereisariskofmakingthereceiveruncomfortableandcreatinganunpleasantsituationforbothsides.Toavoidanyill-effectsfromyourgift-givingpractices,keepinmindthesesimpletips:Whenyougive:1.Besureofthetruepurposeofthegift.Beyondsayingthegiftisforaparticularholidayoroccasion,thinkthroughhowwellthisgiftwillexpressyourfeelingsforthisperson.Tofigurethisout,askyourself:HowmuchdoIreallycareaboutthisperson?Howmuchtime,energy,andmoneyamIwillingtospendtoselectjusttherightgiftforhimorher?Lettheanswersguideyouthroughoutthisprocess.ReadingCUnitEighteenGiftGivingandReceivingEtiquette10TipsforGift-giversandGift-receivers2.Doyourhomeworkaboutthereceiver.Beobservantabouthisorherfavoriteitems,thingsheorshemightneed,orthingsthatwouldbeameaningfulexpressionofyourrelationship.Trytoremembercommentsaboutfavoritecolors,foods,orbeverages.Asneeded,asksomeoneelsewhoknowstheperson,explainingthatthepurposeofyourinquiryistohelplearnsomethingthatwillhelpyouselectaspecialgift.Ithinkmostpeoplearewillingtohelpwithideas.ReadingCUnitEighteenGiftGivingandReceivingEtiquette10TipsforGift-giversandGift-receivers3.Besensitivetopersonalandculturaldifferences.Withsuchadiversepopulationinoursociety,itisimportanttolearnsomethingaboutaperson’sethnic,religious,andculturalpracticesalongwiththeirpersonallikesanddislikes,beforeyoupresentagift.Taketimetolearnwhat’’sappropriateandwhat’snotindifferentcommunitiestogaininsightsonwhatapersonwouldorwouldnotappreciateasagift.Forexample,givingabottleofwinetosomeonewhodoesnotdrinkalcoholcouldmakethereceiverlessthanoverjoyedwithyourgift.ReadingCUnitEighteenGiftGivingandReceivingEtiquette10TipsforGift-giversandGift-receivers4.Knowwhencorporatelogosareappropriate.Sometimesagiftwithacompanylogocheapensitsappearance.Thebestgiftsarethosewithoutanycompanylogosorpromotiononit,especiallywhengivenasspecialthank-yougift.Logogiftsarefineassmalltokensandremembrancesformeetingsheld,notgenerallyasthesincerestformofathank-yougift.5.Usesimpleandelegantwrapping.Forexample,Japanese-influenced,understatedwrappingisbestinmymind.Avoidusingbrightlycolored,bold,heavilypatternedpaperandalotofbrightlycolored,fancybowsandribbonsonthepackage.Useinstead,solidstatelycolorsandqualitypaperwithsimpleribbon.ReadingCUnitEighteenGiftGivingandReceivingEtiquette10TipsforGift-giversandGift-receivers6.Presentyourgiftwithstyle.Thebestwaytopresentagiftisalwaysbeautifullywrappedandinperson.Andwhenyoudo,presentyourgiftheldwithbothyourhandsasthoughyouareholdingitonasilverplatter.ThisritualisadoptedfromAsianculturetoshowtheutmostrespectandcare.Inbusinesssituations,whensendingthegiftbymessengerormail,includeyourbusinesscardwiththegift,alongwithahandwrittennoteonpersonalnotecardorstationary.Whenyoureceive:1.Showyourappreciationwhenreceivingagiftinperson.Alwaysputasmileonyourfaceasagiftisbeingpresented.ReceivethegiftwithbothhandsReadingCUnitEighteenGiftGivingandReceivingEtiquette10TipsforGift-giversandGift-receivers(againaninfluencefromtheAsianculture).Saythankyoualongwithabriefexpressionofappreciation.2.Letthegiverknowassoonaspossiblewhenagifthasarrived.Makeeveryefforttoletthesenderknowyoureceivedagiftsentbymailormessenger(email,fax,ortelephonecallisfine).Thenfollowitupbysendingtheproperthank-younoteassoonaspossible.3.Besensitivetoopeningagiftinfrontofothers.AmericansorAustralianstypicallyopengiftsassoonasitisreceived,eveninfrontofanaudienceandothergroupsofpeople.Knowthatinmanycountriesitisnotcustomaryorappropriatetoopengiftsinfrontofotherpeople.TheyarekepttobeReadingCUnitEighteenGiftGivingandReceivingEtiquette10TipsforGift-giversandGift-receiversopenedalone.Whenreceivinghousegifts,specialguestandspeakergifts,besensitiveastowhetheryouwillorwillnotbeencouragedandexpectedtoopenitrightaway.4.Knowthebottomline.Always,alwayshandwriteathankyounoteforeverygiftyoureceive,nomatterwhat——regardlessofwhetheryoulikethegiftornot,evenifyouplantoexchangethegiftorgiveitaway.Simplysaid:Sendingathank-younoteistherightthingtodo.ReadingCUnitEighteenGiftGivingandReceivingEtiquetteTestYourGift-GivingEtiquetteExercisesWhengivingorreceivingthisholidayseason,there'saright--andwrong--waytogoaboutit.Forexample,isitokaytore-gift?Doyouknowhowtohandleanunexpectedpresent?Isane-mailthank-younoteacceptable?Takethequiztotestyourknowledgeofgiftingetiquette.1.Doyouhavetogiveagiftthathasthesamemonetaryvalueasagiftsomeonegaveyou?A.Yes,youdon'twanttolookcheap.B.Yes.Infact,youshouldspendmore.C.No.Findthenicestthingyoucangiveinyourmeans.√TestYourGift-GivingEtiquetteExercises2.Someonegivesyouagift,butyouweren'tplanningongivingthatpersonone.Doyouhavetoreciprocate?A.Yesandmakeupanexcuseforwhyyoudon'thavehergiftyet.B.Yes,butdon'tofferanexcusefornothavingoneatthetime.C.No.Justsay:Thankyou.3.Whenyougiveagift,shouldyouincludethegiftreceipt?A.Definitely.B.Onlyforclosefriendsandrelatives.C.No.It'sasignyoudidn'treallyknowwhattoget.√√TestYourGift-GivingEtiquetteExercises4.Arethank-younotesnecessaryifyouthankedthegiverinpersonwhenyouopenedthegift?A.Yes,inallcases.B.Onlyforpeoplewhoaren'tclosefriendsorrelatives.C.No.5.Isitokaytogivegiftstopeoplewhodon'tcelebratethesameholidaysyoudo?A.No,itmightbeoffensive.B.Yes,aslongasit'snotareligiousgift.6.Shouldyougiveyourbossagift?A.Yes,toshowyourappreciation.B.No,itmightlooklikeyou'rekissingup.√√√TestYourGift-GivingEtiquetteExercises7.Giftcardsarepopular,butaretheyacop-out?A.Yes,you'llbebreakingetiquetterulesifyougiveone.B.Notnecessarily.They'reacceptablenow.8.Ifyouarehostingaparty,areyourequiredtoservethewine,chocolateorothergiftsyourguestsbring?A.No,notifyoudidn'taskthemtobringanything.B.Yes,itwouldberudenotto.√√TestYourGift-GivingEtiquetteExercises9.Whichgiftwouldnotbeappropriatetogivetoanacquaintance?A.Cologneorperfume.B.Lingerieorunderwear.C.Alcohol.D.Alloftheabove.10.Isitokaytore-gift?A.Yes,aslongasyouknowthereceiverwon'tfindoutit'sarecycledgift.B.Yes,aslongastheitemisinitsoriginalpackaging.C.No,it'sdishonest.√√II．Role-play:Actouttherole-playaccordingtothefollowingsituation.ExercisesYourforeignteacherisleavingtheschoolattheendoftheyearandthestudentshavedecidedtobuyhim/herapresent.Butwhattobuy?YoucanusethevisualaidsbelowtohelpyoudecideonONEpresenttobuy.III.Readthefollowingarticleandfillouttheworksheet.ExercisesCross-CulturalGiftGiving

EtiquetteWithintheinterdependent,globalandmulti-culturalmarketplaceofthecentury,crossculturaldifferencesintheapproachesandpracticesofbusinesspeopleacrosstheworldareimportanttolearn.Alackofcrossculturalunderstandingcanleadtomisunderstandingswhichmayresultinoffense.Crossculturalawarenessandanunderstandingofforeignetiquetteisimportantfortoday'sglobetrottingbusinessperson.Oneareaofimportanceincrossculturalawarenessisinthedifferentgiftgivingetiquettesoftheworld.Understandinggiftgivingandtheetiquettesurroundingitcanhelpinternationalbusinesspeoplecementbetterrelationshipswithforeigncolleagues,clientsorcustomers.III.Readthefollowingarticleandfillouttheworksheet.ExercisesCrossculturalgiftgivingetiquetteinvolvesconsideringthefollowingpoints:Whoisreceivingthegift?Isitapersonoragroup?Whatisthestatusofthereceiver?Whattypesofgiftsareacceptableorunacceptable?Whatistheprotocolassociatedwithgiftgivingandreceiving?Shouldgiftsbereciprocated?InmanycountriessuchasinNorthAmericaortheUK,giftgivingisrareinthebusinessworld.Infact,itmaycarrynegativeconnotationsasgiftgivingcouldbeconstruedasbribery.However,inmanyothercountries,giftgivinganditsetiquettehaveacentralplaceinbusinesspractices.III.Readthefollowingarticleandfillouttheworksheet.ExercisesInordertohighlightsomeofthedifferentaspectsofcrossculturalgiftgivingetiquetteafewexamplesshallbepresented.GiftGivingEtiquetteinChinaItistheproperetiquetteforgiftstobeexchangedforcelebrations,asthanksforassistanceandevenasasweetenerforfuturefavors.Itishoweverimportantnottogivegiftsintheabsenceofagoodreasonorawitness.WhentheChinesewanttobuygiftsitisnotuncommonforthemtoaskwhatyouwouldlike.ItwouldbewisetodemonstrateanappreciationofChineseculturebyaskingforitemssuchasinkpaintingsortea.III.Readthefollowingarticleandfillouttheworksheet.ExercisesBusinessgiftsarealwaysreciprocated.Nottodosoisbadetiquette.Whengivinggiftsdonotgivecash.Donotbetoofrugalwithyourchoiceofgiftotherwiseyouwillbeseenasan'ironrooster',i.e.gettingagoodgiftoutofyouislikegettingafeatheroutofanironrooster.Dependingontheitem,avoidgivingoneofsomething.Chinesephilosophystressesharmonyandbalance,soyoucangiveinpairs.GiftGivingEtiquetteinJapanGift-givingisacentralpartofJapanesebusinessetiquette.Bringarangeofgiftsforyourtripsoifyouarepresentedwithagiftyouwillbeabletoreciprocate.III.Readthefollowingarticleandfillouttheworksheet.ExercisesBusinessgiftsarealwaysreciprocated.Nottodosoisbadetiquette.TheemphasisinJapanesebusinesscultureisontheactofgift-givingnotthegiftitself.Expensivegiftsarecommon.Thebesttimetopresentagiftisattheendofyourvisit.Agiftforanindividualshouldbegiveninprivate.Ifyouarepresentingagifttoagroupofpeoplehavethemallpresent.Thecorrectetiquetteistopresent/receivegiftswithbothhands.Beforeacceptingagiftitispolitetorefuseatleastonceortwicebeforeaccepting.Givingfourornineofanythingisconsideredunlucky.Giveinpairsifpossible.III.Readthefollowingarticleandfillouttheworksheet.ExercisesGiftGivingEtiquetteinSaudiArabiaGiftsshouldonlybegiventothemostintimateoffriends.Giftsshouldbeofthehighestquality.Neverbuygoldorsilkasapresentformen.Silverisacceptable.Alwaysgive/receivegiftswiththerighthand.Saudisenjoywearingscent-itr.Themostpopularisoudwhichcancostasmuchas￡￡1000anounce.Itisnotbadetiquettetoopengiftswhenreceived.Theaboveareafewofmanyexamplesofcrossculturaldifferencesingiftgivingetiquette.Itisadvisabletotryandascertainsomefactsaboutthegiftgivingetiquetteofanycountryyouplantovisitonbusiness.Bydoingso,youmaximizethepotentialofyourcrossculturalencounter.III.Readthefollowingarticleandfillouttheworksheet.ExercisesCrossCulturalGiftGiving

EtiquetteChinaJapanSaudiArabiaSimilaritiesDifferencesobviousADJIfsomethingisobvious,itiseasytoseeorunderstand.明顯顯的的例：：Someofthefactorsincultureshockareobvious.造成成文文化化沖沖擊擊的的有有些些因因素素是是顯顯而而易易見見的的。。Words&ExpressionscommemorateV-TTocommemorateanimportanteventorpersonmeanstorememberthembymeansofaspecialaction,ceremony,orspeciallycreatedobject.紀(jì)念念例：：Oneroomcontainedagalleryofpaintingscommemoratinggreatmomentsinbaseballhistory.有一一間間房房間間里里有有一一個個畫畫廊廊，，陳陳列列著著紀(jì)紀(jì)念念棒棒球球史史上上偉偉大大時時刻刻的的繪繪畫畫作作品品。。Words&ExpressionsveerV-IIfsomeoneorsomethingveersinacertaindirection,theychangetheirpositionordirectioninaparticularsituation.改變立場場例：Heisunlikelytoveerfromhisboss'sstronglyheldviews.他是不大大可能在在他的上上司強(qiáng)烈烈堅(jiān)持的的觀點(diǎn)上上改變立立場的。。Words&ExpressionsbriberyN-UNCOUNTBriberyistheactofofferingsomeonemoneyorsomethingvaluableinordertopersuadethemtodosomethingforyou.賄賂行為為例：Hewasjailedonchargesofbribery.他因賄賂賂指控被被監(jiān)禁。。Words&ExpressionscoworkerN-COUNTYourcoworkersarethepeopleyouworkwith,especiallypeopleonthesamejoborprojectasyou.同事例：Canaguyaskacoworkerforadatewithoutcrossingtheline?一位男士士能否邀邀女同事事約會而而不過分分？Words&Expressionschurlishadj.沒有禮貌貌的；脾脾氣暴躁躁的例：Churlishasitmaybetocriticizethosewhosetouttodogood,manycharitiesbehaveasiftheywereunaccountable.指責(zé)那些些要做好好事的人人也許有有些失禮禮，但眾眾多的慈慈善機(jī)構(gòu)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)得得并不負(fù)負(fù)責(zé)。Words&ExpressionscoerceV-TIfyoucoercesomeoneintodoingsomething,youmakethemdoit,althoughtheydonotwantto.脅迫例：Potterhadarguedthatthegovernmentcoercedhimintopleadingguilty.波特曾爭爭辯說是是政府脅脅迫他認(rèn)認(rèn)罪。Words&Expressionsbelittlevt.輕視；貶貶低；使使相形見見小例：True,inherschooldaysshehadbeeninclinedtobelittlehermother'staste,knowledge,andjudgment.的確，在在她讀書書的時候候，她有有些瞧不不起她母母親的嗜嗜好、知知識和見見解。Words&ExpressionslavishADJIfyoudescribesomethingaslavish,youmeanthatitisveryelaborateandimpressiveandalotofmoneyhasbeenspentonit.盛大奢華華的例：Socializewithfriends,butdon'toverspendonlavishentertainment.與朋友進(jìn)進(jìn)行交往往，但不不要因奢奢侈款待待而超支支。Words&ExpressionsnormN-COUNTNormsarewaysofbehavingthatareconsiderednormalinaparticularsociety.準(zhǔn)則例：Theactionstakendepartfromwhatshecalledthecommonlyacceptednormsofdemocracy.所采取的的這些行行動背離離了她所所謂的那那些普遍遍接受的的民主準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)則。Words&ExpressionsutilitarianADJUtilitarianobjectsandbuildingsaredesignedtobeusefulratherthanattractive.(物體、建建筑等)實(shí)用的例：Bruce'sofficeisutilitarianandunglamorous.布魯斯的的辦公室室實(shí)用而而素淡。。Words&Expressionsalluringadj.誘惑的，，誘人的的；迷人人的，吸吸引人的的例：Thatmakesthemevenmoreattractivetomanagersbutmuchlessalluringtoothershareholders.這使他們們對經(jīng)理理人有更更多的吸吸引力，，而對其其他股東東的吸引引力更小小了。Words&ExpressionsextravagantADJSomeonewhoisextravagantspendsmoremoneythantheycanaffordorusesmoreofsomethingthanisreasonable.奢侈的;浪費(fèi)的例：Wearenotextravagant;restaurantmealsarealuxuryanddesignerclothesareout.我們并不不浪費(fèi)；；餐館用用餐是一一種奢侈侈，品牌牌服裝也也與我們們無緣。。Words&ExpressionsresentV-TIfyouresentsomeoneorsomething,youfeelbitterandangryaboutthem.憎恨例：Sheresentshermotherforbeingsotoughonher.她恨她的的媽媽對對她如此此苛刻。。Words&ExpressionsoverboardADVIfyoufalloverboard,youfalloverthesideofaboatintothewater.從船上(落)入水中例：Hissailinginstructorfelloverboardandnearlydrownedduringalesson.他的帆船船教練在在一次課課上落水水，差點(diǎn)點(diǎn)溺死。。Words&ExpressionsthornyADJIfyoudescribeaproblemasthorny,youmeanthatitisverycomplicatedanddifficulttosolve,andthatpeopleareoftenunwillingtodiscussit.棘手的的例：Wehavenotyetfoundasatisfactorysolutiontothisthornyproblem.我們面面前擺擺著這這個難難題，，現(xiàn)在在還沒沒有很很好的的辦法法解決決。Words&ExpressionsexplicitADJSomethingthatisexplicitisexpressedorshownclearlyandopenly,withoutanyattempttohideanything.明確表表達(dá)的的;公開顯顯露的的例：BillVenners:Whatdoyoumean?Couldyoubemoreexplicit?比爾：：你的的意思思是什什么？？能更更“明明確””的解解釋一一下嗎嗎？Words&ExpressionscorporateADJCorporatemeansrelatingtobusinesscorporationsortoaparticularbusinesscorporation.公司的的例：Therehasbeenmuchtocelebrateinthehistoryofcorporateindustryandtechnology.在大公公司的的工業(yè)業(yè)和技技術(shù)的的歷史史上曾曾有很很多值值得贊贊美的的事。。Words&ExpressionsostentatiousADJIfyoudescribesomeoneasostentatious,youdisapproveofthembecausetheywanttoimpresspeoplewiththeirwealthorimportance.炫耀的的例：Obviouslyhehadplentyofmoneyandwasgenerousinitsusewithoutbeingostentatious.顯而易易見，，他有有很多多錢，，花錢錢雖大大方卻卻不擺擺闊。。Words&Expressionscurryfavor巴結(jié)，，拍馬馬屁例：YangBianliangtheGuardshavebeeninTokyowhentheofficer,asbotheredtocurryfavorcurryfavorwith,bebanishedtotheDamingprefecture.楊志本本來在在東京京汴梁梁的御御林軍軍當(dāng)軍軍官，，因?yàn)闉椴恍夹挤暧徒Y(jié)結(jié)，被被充軍軍到了了大名名府。。Words&ExpressionsforbidV-TIfyouforbidsomeonetodosomething,orifyouforbidanactivity,youorderthatitmustnotbedone.禁止例：Shewasshutawayandforbiddentoread.她被關(guān)關(guān)起來來不許許讀書書。Words&ExpressionsobligeV-TIfyouareobligedtodosomething,asituation,rule,orlawmakesitnecessaryforyoutodothatthing.迫使例：Thestormgotworseandworse.Finally,Iwasobligedtoabandonthecarandcontinueonfoot.暴風(fēng)雨雨越來來越猛猛烈。。最終終，我我被迫迫棄車車徒步步前行行。Words&ExpressionspredicamentN-COUNTIfyouareinapredicament,youareinanunpleasantsituationthatisdifficulttogetoutof.困境例：Itshouldalsobenefittheworldeconomyinitspresentpredicament.這也將將有益益于世世界經(jīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)及及其目目前所所處的的困境境。Words&ExpressionsdispleasureN-UNCOUNTSomeone'sdispleasureisafeelingofannoyancethattheyhaveaboutsomethingthathashappened.不悅例：Thepopulationhasalreadybeguntoshowitsdispleasureattheslowpaceofchange.人民已已經(jīng)開開始對對變化化的緩緩慢速速度表表示不不悅。。Words&ExpressionsmystifyV-TIfyouaremystifiedbysomething,youfinditimpossibletoexplainorunderstand.使困惑不不解例：Theaudiencemusthavebeentotallymystifiedbytheplot.觀眾肯定定對該情情節(jié)困惑惑不解。。Words&ExpressionsfamiliarizeV-TIfyoufamiliarizeyourselfwithsomething,orifsomeonefamiliarizesyouwithit,youlearnaboutitandstarttounderstandit.使熟悉例：Thegoaloftheexperimentwastofamiliarizethepeoplewiththenewlaws.該實(shí)驗(yàn)的的目的是是使人們們熟悉新新的規(guī)則則。Words&ExpressionsaccessoryN-COUNTAccessoriesarearticlessuchasbeltsandscarveswhichyouwearorcarrybutwhicharenotpartofyourmainclothing.配飾例：Italsohasagoodrangeofaccessories,includingsunglasses,handbagsandbelts.它還有多多種配飾飾，包括括墨鏡、、手包和和皮帶。。Words&ExpressionsdivineADJYouusedivinetodescribesomethingthatisprovidedbyorrelatestoagodorgoddess.神的;神圣的例：Hesuggestedthatthecivilwarhadbeenadivinepunishment.他暗示此此次內(nèi)戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)是上天天的懲罰罰。Words&ExpressionsdistinctionN-COUNTAdistinctionbetweensimilarthingsisadifference.區(qū)別例：Thereareobviousdistinctionsbetweenthetwowine-makingareas.這兩個釀釀酒區(qū)之之間有明明顯的不不同。Words&Expressionsperishableadj.易腐壞的的；易毀毀滅的；；會枯萎萎的例：Thisinturnpromptsconsumerstofavorperishableproduceoverfrozen.在另一個個意義上上說，顧顧客也更更傾向于于新鮮產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品而不不是冷凍凍品。Words&Expressionslong-stemmedadj.1.【【植物學(xué)】長莖的2.細(xì)高的；；頎長而而苗條的的例：EarlyonemorningIgatheredabeautifulbouquetofsweet-smellinglong-stemmedrosesformyself.一天早上上我給自自己采了了一束芬芬芳馥郁郁的玫瑰瑰。Words&ExpressionsovertonesN-COUNTIfsomethinghasovertonesofaparticularthingorquality,itsuggeststhatthingorqualitybutdoesnotopenlyexpressit.暗示之意意例：Hiswordispolite,butthereisovertoneofangerinhisvoice.他的話講講得很有有禮貌，，但話音音里聽得得出他的的憤怒。。Words&ExpressionsTulipn.郁金香例：Therewasthetulipmaniain17thcenturyHollandasDutchcollectorshoardedahierarchyofflowers.17世紀(jì)，荷荷蘭的收收藏家們們囤積了了不同品品種的花花卉，導(dǎo)導(dǎo)致荷蘭蘭發(fā)生了了郁金香香熱。Words&Expressionsbouquetn.花束；酒酒香例：Analternativetotheallredbouquetistobuysomewhiterosesandinsertoneredoneinthecenterofthebunch.想改變下下一整束束紅玫瑰瑰，那可可以買一