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七年級(jí)英語(下)語法(謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞)、謂語動(dòng)詞的三種時(shí)態(tài)的辨析:時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)定義般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的特征狀態(tài)?,F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示現(xiàn)在(說話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表示過去某個(gè)具體時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(標(biāo)志詞)always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday/week…,onSundays/weekendsnow,atthistime,rightnow,Look!Listen!Whereis…?Don'ttalk!It,s8:00am.yesterday(morning/...),lastnight/week…,twodays/years…ago,in1999,in+過去的年份,justnow謂語動(dòng)詞的形式.表示經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)時(shí),用be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)作謂語;.表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的原形或第三人稱單數(shù)形式(代表形式do/does)作謂語。由助動(dòng)詞be(am/is/are)加實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的-ing形式構(gòu)成。.表示過去存在的狀態(tài)時(shí),用be動(dòng)詞的過去式(was/were)作謂語;.表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的過去式(did)作謂語。注意:1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)與一般過去時(shí)態(tài)中,動(dòng)詞be(am/is/are/was/were)與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的原形/第三人稱單數(shù)形式/過去式不能同時(shí)作謂語動(dòng)詞。2.如何判斷句子的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài):(1)首要的判斷依據(jù)是句子的時(shí)間狀語(標(biāo)志詞)。如:They(have)ameetingyesterday.昨天他們開了一個(gè)會(huì)議。句子的時(shí)間狀語是yesterday(昨天),是一個(gè)表示過去時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語,該句子的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)態(tài),因而要將所給的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞have變?yōu)檫^去式had作謂語動(dòng)詞。(2)根據(jù)句子的意思進(jìn)行判斷。如果所給的句子沒有時(shí)間狀語,則我們可以根據(jù)句子的意思來判斷句子的時(shí)態(tài)。如:They(finish)theirhomework.他們完成作業(yè)了。finish(完成)是一個(gè)表示結(jié)果的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,通常用于一般過去時(shí)態(tài),因而要將它變?yōu)檫^去式finishedo(3)一般疑問句/特殊疑問句及其答語的時(shí)態(tài)必須相同。如:-Whatareyoudoing?-We(play)soccer.你們正在做什么?我們正在踢足球。該特殊疑問句的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)烹,所以答語也要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),因而將所給的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閍replayingo(4)并列連詞(如:and,but,so等)連接的兩個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)必須相同。如:Samlikescarrots,butTom(notlike)them.薩姆喜歡胡蘿卜,但是湯姆不喜歡他們。該句子是由轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞but連接兩個(gè)句子構(gòu)成的轉(zhuǎn)折并列句,第一個(gè)分句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),因而第二個(gè)分句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),它的主語是第三人稱單數(shù)形式,所給的動(dòng)詞的否定式要變?yōu)閐oesn,tlikeo(5)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could/may/must/would以及動(dòng)詞短語haveto/begoingto必須與動(dòng)詞原形連用才能構(gòu)成完整的謂語動(dòng)詞。如:Wouldyou(like)somebread?你要些面包嗎?句首的would是表示意愿的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,因而所給的動(dòng)詞like用原形。(6)祈使句沒有主語,謂語動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞原形。如:(come)here,please.請(qǐng)來這。該句子是省略了主語,而用謂語動(dòng)詞開頭的祈使句,謂語動(dòng)詞come用原形。(7)助動(dòng)詞do/does/did及其否定式don,t/doesn,t/didn,t后面必須用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的原形。如:Hedoesn,t(have)noodlesforlunch.午飯他不吃面條。(8)在句子中,如果主語后面跟有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞be(am/is/are/was/were),則緊跟在be動(dòng)詞后面的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞須變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞(動(dòng)詞-ing形式)構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如:Theyare(sweep)thefloor.他們正在打掃地板。主語他們(they)能執(zhí)行實(shí)義動(dòng)詞sweep的動(dòng)作,are后面的動(dòng)詞用-ing形式構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。(9)There開頭的句子,后面不能跟have/has/had作謂語動(dòng)詞,只能跟動(dòng)詞be(is/are/was/were)作謂語動(dòng)詞,表示“某地/某時(shí)有某人或某物?!眲?dòng)詞be的具體形式,除了與句子的時(shí)間(時(shí)態(tài))有關(guān)外,還須根據(jù)靠近原則,由動(dòng)詞be后面的第一個(gè)名詞決定它的形式。如:There(be)lotsofpeopleintheparklastSunday.上個(gè)星期天,公園里面有很多人。句子的時(shí)間狀語lastSunday是表示過去的時(shí)間狀語,因而要用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞be后面是一個(gè)表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的集體名詞people,因而把動(dòng)詞be變?yōu)閣ere。(10)要判斷放于句首的動(dòng)詞到底用原形作祈使句的謂語動(dòng)詞還是變?yōu)?ing形式作主語,主要看該動(dòng)詞后面有沒有其他動(dòng)詞作謂語動(dòng)詞:如后面有其他動(dòng)詞作謂語動(dòng)詞,則句首動(dòng)詞通常變?yōu)?ing形式作主語(動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式);如后面沒有其他動(dòng)詞作謂語動(dòng)詞,則句首動(dòng)詞通常用原形作祈使句的謂語動(dòng)詞。如:(play)basketballisfun.打籃球很有趣。該句子中已有動(dòng)詞be(is)作謂語動(dòng)詞,因而將句首的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?ing形式Playing作主語。(11)含有if連接的條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中,if連接的條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),主句(另一個(gè)句子)用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)(will+動(dòng)詞原形)。如:We(go)campingifit(be)sunnytomorrow.如果明天天晴,我們將去露營(yíng)。(一)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)填空:I(come)fromAmerica.I(speak)English.Billoften(get)toschoolbybike.WhatJim(do)?Heisamiddleschoolstudent.Canyou(tell)methewaytothepostoffice?Wherehisparents(do)lastnight?We(have)tocleanourclassroomonSundays.Look!Thechildren(play)volleyballontheplayground.YesterdayAnn(visit)auntWangwithherclassmates.Whatyoursister(look)like?(noteat)inclass,please.(be)thereanythingnewintoday,snewspaper?Lucy(be)borninCanadaonSeptember12th,1990.Lily(have)amediumbuild,she(look)beautiful.What(be)theweatherlikelastSunday?It(be)sunny.Whereshe(work)twoyearsago?She(work)inanoffice.There(be)anorange,anappleandfivepearsonthetable.Longlongago,there(be)manyanimalsintheworld.2I(notthink)heisright.Whatyou(do)ifyou(be)freetomorrow?It,sseveno,clock,theGreens(watch)TVathome.Weall(like)vegetables.Listen!Theboys(sing)anEnglishsong.二、非謂語動(dòng)詞:(一)如何解答與動(dòng)詞變形相關(guān)的題目:.首先,看看句中所給的動(dòng)詞前面是否已經(jīng)有了謂語動(dòng)詞。如果所給的動(dòng)詞前面還沒有謂語動(dòng)詞,則必須根據(jù)句子中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間或句子的意思來判斷該句子應(yīng)該用什么時(shí)態(tài),再根據(jù)該時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式將所給的動(dòng)詞變形填空。如:Amy(take)herdogforawalkeveryafternoon.艾米每天下午遛狗。句中所要填的空格前面還沒有動(dòng)詞,因此,我們必須用take來做謂語動(dòng)詞。該動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是everyafternoon,表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,因而必須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。由于主語是第三人稱單數(shù)形式,我們就把該動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)榈谌朔Q單數(shù)形式(takes)做謂語。.如果句子已經(jīng)有了謂語動(dòng)詞,則謂語動(dòng)詞后面所給的動(dòng)詞只能變?yōu)橄旅嫒N形式:動(dòng)詞原形、動(dòng)詞-ing形式以及動(dòng)詞不定式(to+動(dòng)詞原形),這三種動(dòng)詞形式稱為非謂語動(dòng)詞。(二)非謂語動(dòng)詞形式的判定:1.如果需要填空的空格前有使役動(dòng)詞let,make作謂語動(dòng)詞,則它們后面的動(dòng)詞必須用原形。序號(hào)漢語意思英文形式補(bǔ)充說明1讓/使某人做某事letsb.dosth.let,make是使役動(dòng)2使某人做某事makesb.dosth.詞。如:Anoldfriendalwaysmakeshisson(get)upearly.2.如果需要填空的空格前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 enjoy,spend,finish,practice及動(dòng)詞短語havefun/haveagoodtime作謂語動(dòng)詞,則它們后面的動(dòng)詞必須用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。序號(hào)漢語意思英文形式補(bǔ)充說明1喜歡做某事enjoydoingsth.2完成做某事finishdoingsth.3練習(xí)做某事practicedoingsth.4花費(fèi)錢/時(shí)間做某事spendsomemoney/timedoingsth.5做某事開心havefun/agoodtimedoingsth.如:( )Ienjoychess.Howaboutyou?A.play B.playing C.plays D.played3.如果需要填空的空格是其他動(dòng)詞作謂語動(dòng)詞,則它們后面的動(dòng)詞必須用動(dòng)詞不定式。序號(hào)漢語意思英文形式補(bǔ)充說明1想要(某人)做某事want/wouldlikesb.todosth.2叫/告訴某人做某事ask/tellsb.todosth.3知道做某事knowtodosth.4和某人一起做某事joinsb.todosth.5希望做某事wishtodosth.6需要做某事needtodosth.7學(xué)習(xí)做某事learntodosth.8教某人做某事teachsb.dosth.3
如:( )Whowantstenniswithher?A.play B.playing C.played D.toplay.英語中,某些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是用來表示人體感覺器官的動(dòng)作的,這種動(dòng)詞叫感官動(dòng)詞,如:look,see,watch,find,notice,listen,hear,smell,taste,feel等。在句子中,感官動(dòng)詞在前面做謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí),跟在后面的其他動(dòng)詞可以用原形,也可以用ing形式:(1)如果句中有具體時(shí)間,或表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,該動(dòng)詞要用ing形式;如有經(jīng)常性的時(shí)間,則該動(dòng)詞要用原形;(2)如果感官動(dòng)詞是表示過程的(如:look,watch,listen等),該動(dòng)詞要用原形;如感官動(dòng)詞是表示結(jié)果的(如:see,hear,find,feel等),該動(dòng)詞運(yùn)用ing形式。序號(hào)漢語意思英文形式補(bǔ)充說明1看著某人/物做某事lookatsb./sth.do/doingsth.2聽著某人/物做某事listentosb./sth.do/doingsth.3觀看某人/物做某事watchsb./sth.do/doingsth.4發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/物做某事findsb./sth.do/doingsth.5看到某人/物做某事seesb./sth.do/doingsth.6聽到某人/物做某事hearsb./sth.do/doingsth.7感覺某人/物做某事feelsb./sth.do/doingsth.如:Icanhearthechildren(sing)intheclassroom.我能聽見孩子們?cè)诮淌依锍琛?英語中,除了感官動(dòng)詞外,某些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí),跟在后面的動(dòng)詞也有兩種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式:(1)help后面的動(dòng)詞既可以用動(dòng)詞原形,也可以用動(dòng)詞不定式:help(sb.)do/todosth.幫助(某人)做某事,兩者同義,可以互換;(2)begin及其同義詞start后面的動(dòng)詞既可以用動(dòng)詞不定式,也可以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式:begin/startdoing/todosth.開始做某事,兩者同義,可以互換;(3)like及其同義詞love后面的動(dòng)詞用-ing形式時(shí),表示一貫來的喜好或愛好,用動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),表示特定的喜好:like/lovedoing/todosth.喜歡/喜愛做某事,但通常作同義用,可以互換;(4)go后面跟文體娛樂方面的不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),用動(dòng)詞-ing形式,跟及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),用動(dòng)詞不定式;(5)forget及其反義詞remember后面的動(dòng)詞用-ing形式時(shí),表示該動(dòng)作已做,用動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),表示該動(dòng)作未做。序號(hào)漢語意思英文形式補(bǔ)充說明1去購(gòu)物/劃船/露營(yíng)goshopping/boating/camping去看電影gotowatchamovie2開始做某事start/begintodosth.同義,可以互換。start/begindoingsth.3喜歡做某事like/lovedoingsth.(一貫的喜好)通常視為同義,可以互換。like/lovetodosth.(特定的喜好)4幫助(某人)做某事helpsb.dosth.同義,可以互換。helpsb.todosth.5記得/忘記做某事remember/forgettodosth.未做記得/忘記做過某事remember/forgetdoingsth.已做4
如:( )Doyouwanttogowithus?A.fish B.fishes C.tofish D.fishing6.如果需要填空的空格前有介詞(about,after,at,for,in,of,with等),則它們后面的動(dòng)詞必須用動(dòng)詞的ing形式。序號(hào)漢語意思英文形式補(bǔ)充說明1做某事怎么樣?What/Howaboutdoingsth.?2謝謝(您)做某事。Thanksfordoingsth.3擅長(zhǎng)做某事begoodatdoingsth.4做某事做得好dowellindoingsth.5對(duì)做某事有好處begoodfordoingsth.6做某事遲到belatefordoingsth.如:()Thelittlegirlisgoodat .A.dance B.dancedC.dancingD.danceing()Thankyoufor us!A.joining B.joined7.其他使用非謂語動(dòng)詞的短語、句型:C.joinsD.tojoin序號(hào)漢語意思英文形式補(bǔ)充說明1做某事遲到belatetodosth.“動(dòng)詞be+形容詞”后面的動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞不定式。2有空做某事befreetodosth.3做杲事開心behappytodosth.4做某事按時(shí)beontimetodosth.5有空做某事havetimetodosth.6禁止做某事nodoingsth.no+動(dòng)詞-ing形式7做什么whattodo疑問詞后面的動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞不定式。8怎么做某事howtodosth.9Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事。it是形式主語,真正的主語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。10Itis/was+adj.(forsb.)todosth.對(duì)某人來說,做某事11Itis/was+(one,s)+n.todosth.做某事是(某人的)12Itis/wasbesttodosth.最好做某事。三、非謂語動(dòng)詞專練:Wouldyoulike(talk)inclass.Doyouenjoy(work)inChina?Theyarehavingfun(clean)theroom.Whatdoyouneed(do)?Ispendhalfanhour(walk)toschooleveryday.Iknowhow(go)there,let,s(go).LiPingpracticed(sing)theinterestingsongyesterday.Bobusuallyhelpshismother(cook)supper.Howabout(walk)tothepark?Don,tmakeus(eat)somucheveryday.Itisbadforourhealth(健康).Helenwouldlike(play)theguitar.Thanksfor(teach)ussowell.
Heaskedus(come)totheparty.Youcanwatchsomeboys(eat)hamburgersinarestaurant.Doyoulike(fly)kiteswithus?Let,s(have)aparty.Itismywish(have)aplane.Itisinterestingforthem(eat)lunchinthetree.Theyarehavingagoodtime(swim)inthepool.Theywant(be)scientists.四、動(dòng)詞綜合專練:Myparents(come)fromShandong.Sam(notlike)(play)computergames.Thebeautifulgirl(wear)glasses.TheZhangfamily(live)inanapartmentinNanjing.Myfatherloves(read)newspapersafterwork.Whatherclassmates(do)lastFriday?Wouldyoulike(have)dinnerwithus?He(do)hishomeworkeveryevening.Butyesterdayhe(watch)TV.Sheisgoodat(dance).She(sing)verywell,too.Amy(take)forawalkeveryafternoonlastyear.Millie(have)apairofbigblackeyes.Mr.Chen(notlike)tea.He(enjoy)drinkingcoffee.yourfatheroften(play)tennislastyear?Whatabout(take)somephotos?Whoelse(go)tocometoMillie,spartylastnight?ILook!SimonandDaniel(buy)somevegetables.Iwant(make)friendswithyou.Ourparents(wash)thecarnow.Let,s (talk)aboutthesportsnews,OK?thehotel.五、選擇填空:thehotel.( )1.ThepolicemanhelpedhimC.findD.findsC.Are,playingD.Is,playingC.heardD.playedC.gettingD.togetB.whatdoeshedolastweekendD.whathedidlastweekendA.found B.findedD.whathedidlastweekend( )2.theyfootball?A.Are,play B.Is,play( )3.WeamovieonSaturdaynight.A.watched B.washed( )4.Idon,tknowhowthere.A.get B.geting()5.WeaskedJim.A.whatdidhedolastweekendC.whatdohedolastweekendD.comes()6.Wheredoyoufrom?D.comesA.come B.are C.be( )7.Shelikesgoingtothemovieswithherfriendsandsports.A.play B.plays C.playing D.isplaying
( )8.Ourvacationfantasticlastweekend.A.wereB.didC.wasD.had()9.Insummer,youcanseelotsofbirds inthegarden.A.toplayB.playingC.playsD.play()10.They—_forawalkifthey timeintheevening.A.go,haveB.willgo,haveC.go,willhaveD.willgo,willhave( )11.-Whatdoyouwanttodo?-Iwant.A.playguitarB.playingtheguitarC.toplaytheguitarD.theguitar( )12.Heenjoyspopmusic.A.listening B.tolistentoC.listento D.listeningto( )13.-Whatdidtheydointheafternoon?-Everyoneintheafternoon.A.playssportsB.playedsportsC.playingsportsD.toplaysportsD.playing,playingD.tonotD.playing,playingD.tonotA.toplay,playing B.playing,play C.toplay,play( )15.HismotheraskedhimwatchTV.A.doesn,t B.didn,t C.notto( )16.Pleaselateforschool.A.isn,t B.aren,t C.don,tbe D.notbe()17.-Whataboutaparty?-Goodidea.A.have B.tohave C.having D.has( )18.She'sgoodat.A.read B.reading C.toread D.reads( )19.-theweatherinHangzhou?-It,scloudy.A.How,s B.What C.How D.Whafs( )20.Theresomebreadandtwocakesintheplate.A.is B.are C.has D.have七年級(jí)英語(下)語法(謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞)(答案)、謂語動(dòng)詞的三種時(shí)態(tài)的辨析:時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)定義般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的特征狀態(tài)?,F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示現(xiàn)在(說話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表示過去某個(gè)具體時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(標(biāo)志詞)always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday/week…,onSundays/weekendsnow,atthistime,rightnow,Look!Listen!Whereis…?Don'ttalk!It,s8:00am.yesterday(morning/...),lastnight/week…,twodays/years…ago,in1999,in+過去的年份,justnow謂語動(dòng)詞的形式.表示經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)時(shí),用be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)作謂語;.表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的原形或第三人稱單數(shù)形式(代表形式do/does)作謂語。由助動(dòng)詞be(am/is/are)加實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的-ing形式構(gòu)成。.表示過去存在的狀態(tài)時(shí),用be動(dòng)詞的過去式(was/were)作謂語;.表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的過去式(did)作謂語。注意:1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)與一般過去時(shí)態(tài)中,動(dòng)詞be(am/is/are/was/were)與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的原形/第三人稱單數(shù)形式/過去式不能同時(shí)作謂語動(dòng)詞。2.如何判斷句子的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài):(1)首要的判斷依據(jù)是句子的時(shí)間狀語(標(biāo)志詞)。如:Theyhad(have)ameetingyesterday.昨天他們開了一個(gè)會(huì)議。句子的時(shí)間狀語是yesterday(昨天),是一個(gè)表示過去時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語,該句子的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)態(tài),因而要將所給的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞have變?yōu)檫^去式had作謂語動(dòng)詞。(2)根據(jù)句子的意思進(jìn)行判斷。如果所給的句子沒有時(shí)間狀語,則我們可以根據(jù)句子的意思來判斷句子的時(shí)態(tài)。如:Theyfinished(finish)theirhomework.他們完成作業(yè)了。finish(完成)是一個(gè)表示結(jié)果的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,通常用于一般過去時(shí)態(tài),因而要將它變?yōu)檫^去式finishedo(3)一般疑問句/特殊疑問句及其答語的時(shí)態(tài)必須相同。如:-Whatareyoudoing?-Weareplaying(play)soccer.你們正在做什么?我們正在踢足球。該特殊疑問句的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),所以答語也要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),因而將所給的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閍replayingo(4)并列連詞(如:and,but,so等)連接的兩個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)必須相同。如:Samlikescarrots,butTomdoesn’tlike(notlike)them.薩姆喜歡胡蘿卜,但是湯姆不喜歡他們。該句子是由轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞but連接兩個(gè)句子構(gòu)成的轉(zhuǎn)折并列句,第一個(gè)分句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),因而第二個(gè)分句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),它的主語是第三人稱單數(shù)形式,所給的動(dòng)詞的否定式要變?yōu)閐oesn’tlike。(5)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could/may/must/would以及動(dòng)詞短語haveto/begoingto必須與動(dòng)詞原形連用才能構(gòu)成完整的謂語動(dòng)詞。如:Wouldyoulike(like)somebread?你要些面包嗎?句首的wouldE示意愿的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,因而所給的動(dòng)詞like用原形。(6)祈使句沒有主語,謂語動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞原形。如:Come(come)here,please.請(qǐng)來這。西子是省略了主語,而用謂語動(dòng)詞開頭的祈使句,謂語動(dòng)詞come用原形。(7)助動(dòng)詞do/does/did及其否定式don,t/doesn,t/didn,t后面必須用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的原形。如:Hedoesn,thave(have)noodlesforlunch.午飯他不吃面條。(8)在句子中,如果主語后面跟有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞be(am/is/are/was/were),則緊跟在be動(dòng)詞后面的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞須變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞(動(dòng)詞-ing形式)構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如:Theyaresweeping(sweep)thefloor.他們正在打掃地板。主語他們(they)能執(zhí)行實(shí)義動(dòng)詞sweep的動(dòng)作,are后面的動(dòng)詞用-ing形式構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。(9)There開頭的句子,后面不能跟have/has/had作謂語動(dòng)詞,只能跟動(dòng)詞be(is/are/was/were)作謂語動(dòng)詞,表示“某地/某時(shí)有某人或某物?!眲?dòng)詞be的具體形式,除了與句子的時(shí)間(時(shí)態(tài))有關(guān)外,還須根據(jù)靠近原則,由動(dòng)詞be后面的第一個(gè)名詞決定它的形式。如:Therewere(be)lotsofpeopleintheparklastSunday.上個(gè)星期天,公園里面有很多人。句子的時(shí)間狀語lastSunday是表示過去的時(shí)間狀語,因而要用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞be后面是一個(gè)表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的集體名詞people,因而把動(dòng)詞be變?yōu)閣ere。(10)要判斷放于句首的動(dòng)詞到底用原形作祈使句的謂語動(dòng)詞還是變?yōu)?ing形式作主語,主要看該動(dòng)詞后面有沒有其他動(dòng)詞作謂語動(dòng)詞:如后面有其他動(dòng)詞作謂語動(dòng)詞,則句首動(dòng)詞通常變?yōu)?ing形式作主語(動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式);如后面沒有其他動(dòng)詞作謂語動(dòng)詞,則句首動(dòng)詞通常用原形作祈使句的謂語動(dòng)詞。如:Playing(play)basketballisfun.打籃球很有趣。該句子中已有動(dòng)詞be(is)作謂語動(dòng)詞,因而將句首的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?ing形式Playing作主語。(11)含有if連接的條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中,if連接的條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),主句(另一個(gè)句子)用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)(will+動(dòng)詞原形)。如:Wewillgo(go)campingifitis(be)sunnytomorrow.如果明天天晴,我們將去露營(yíng)。(一)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)填空:Icome(come)fromAmerica.Ispeak(speak)English.Billoftengets(get)toschoolbybike.WhatdoesJimdo(do)?Heisamiddleschoolstudent.Canyoutell(tell)methewaytothepostoffice?Wheredidhisparentsdo(do)lastnight?Wehave(have)tocleanourclassroomonSundays.Look!Thechildrenareplaying(play)volleyballontheplayground.YesterdayAnnvisited(visit)auntWangwithherclassmates.Whatdoesyoursister100k(look)like?Don'teat(noteat)inclass,please.Is(be)thereanythingnewintoday,snewspaper?Lucywas(be)borninCanadaonSeptember12th,1990.Lilyhas(have)amediumbuild,she100ks(look)beautiful.Whatwas(be)theweatherlikelastSunday?Itwas(be)sunny.Wheredidshework(work)twoyearsago?Sheworked(work)inanoffice.Thereis(be)anorange,anappleandfivepearsonthetable.Longlongago,therewere(be)manyanimalsintheworld.9Idon’tthink(notthink)heisright.Whatwillyoudo(do)ifyouare(be)freetomorrow?It,sseveno,clock,theGreensarewatching(watch)TVathome.Wealllike(like)vegetables.Listen!Theboysaresinging(sing)anEnglishsong.二、非謂語動(dòng)詞:(一)如何解答與動(dòng)詞變形相關(guān)的題目:.首先,看看句中所給的動(dòng)詞前面是否已經(jīng)有了謂語動(dòng)詞。如果所給的動(dòng)詞前面還沒有謂語動(dòng)詞,則必須根據(jù)句子中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間或句子的意思來判斷該句子應(yīng)該用什么時(shí)態(tài),再根據(jù)該時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式將所給的動(dòng)詞變形填空。如:Amytakes(take)herdogforawalkeveryafternoon.艾米每天下午遛狗。句中所要填的空格前面還沒有動(dòng)詞,因此,我們必須用take來做謂語動(dòng)詞。該動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是everyafternoon,表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,因而必須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。由于主語是第三人稱單數(shù)形式,我們就把該動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)榈谌朔Q單數(shù)形式(takes)做謂語。.如果句子已經(jīng)有了謂語動(dòng)詞,則謂語動(dòng)詞后面所給的動(dòng)詞只能變?yōu)橄旅嫒N形式:動(dòng)詞原形、動(dòng)詞-ing形式以及動(dòng)詞不定式(to+動(dòng)詞原形),這三種動(dòng)詞形式稱為非謂語動(dòng)詞。(二)非謂語動(dòng)詞形式的判定:1.如果需要填空的空格前有使役動(dòng)詞let,make作謂語動(dòng)詞,則它們后面的動(dòng)詞必須用原形。序號(hào)漢語意思英文形式補(bǔ)充說明1讓/使某人做某事letsb.dosth.let,make是使役動(dòng)2使某人做某事makesb.dosth.詞。如:Anoldfriendalwaysmakeshissonget(get)upearly.2.如果需要填空的空格前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 enjoy,spend,finish,practice及動(dòng)詞短語havefun/haveagoodtime作謂語動(dòng)詞,則它們后面的動(dòng)詞必須用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。序號(hào)漢語意思英文形式補(bǔ)充說明1喜歡做某事enjoydoingsth.2完成做某事finishdoingsth.3練習(xí)做某事practicedoingsth.4花費(fèi)錢/時(shí)間做某事spendsomemoney/timedoingsth.5做某事開心havefun/agoodtimedoingsth.如:(B)Ienjoychess.Howaboutyou?A.play B.playing C.plays D.played3.如果需要填空的空格是其他動(dòng)詞作謂語動(dòng)詞,則它們后面的動(dòng)詞必須用動(dòng)詞不定式。序號(hào)漢語意思英文形式補(bǔ)充說明1想要(某人)做某事want/wouldlikesb.todosth.2叫/告訴某人做某事ask/tellsb.todosth.3知道做某事knowtodosth.4和某人一起做某事joinsb.todosth.5希望做某事wishtodosth.6需要做某事needtodosth.7學(xué)習(xí)做某事learntodosth.8教某人做某事teachsb.dosth.10
如:(D)Whowantstenniswithher?A.play B.playing C.played D.toplay.英語中,某些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是用來表示人體感覺器官的動(dòng)作的,這種動(dòng)詞叫感官動(dòng)詞,如:look,see,watch,find,notice,listen,hear,smell,taste,feel等。在句子中,感官動(dòng)詞在前面做謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí),跟在后面的其他動(dòng)詞可以用原形,也可以用ing形式:(1)如果句中有具體時(shí)間,或表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,該動(dòng)詞要用ing形式;如有經(jīng)常性的時(shí)間,則該動(dòng)詞要用原形;(2)如果感官動(dòng)詞是表示過程的(如:look,watch,listen等),該動(dòng)詞要用原形;如感官動(dòng)詞是表示結(jié)果的(如:see,hear,find,feel等),該動(dòng)詞運(yùn)用ing形式。序號(hào)漢語意思英文形式補(bǔ)充說明1看著某人/物做某事lookatsb./sth.do/doingsth.2聽著某人/物做某事listentosb./sth.do/doingsth.3觀看某人/物做某事watchsb./sth.do/doingsth.4發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/物做某事findsb./sth.do/doingsth.5看到某人/物做某事seesb./sth.do/doingsth.6聽到某人/物做某事hearsb./sth.do/doingsth.7感覺某人/物做某事feelsb./sth.do/doingsth.如:Icanhearthechildrensinging(sing)intheclassroom.我能聽見孩子們?cè)诮淌依锍琛?英語中,除了感官動(dòng)詞外,某些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí),跟在后面的動(dòng)詞也有兩種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式:(1)help后面的動(dòng)詞既可以用動(dòng)詞原形,也可以用動(dòng)詞不定式:help(sb.)do/todosth.幫助(某人)做某事,兩者同義,可以互換;(2)begin及其同義詞start后面的動(dòng)詞既可以用動(dòng)詞不定式,也可以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式:begin/startdoing/todosth.開始做某事,兩者同義,可以互換;(3)like及其同義詞love后面的動(dòng)詞用-ing形式時(shí),表示一貫來的喜好或愛好,用動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),表示特定的喜好:like/lovedoing/todosth.喜歡/喜愛做某事,但通常作同義用,可以互換;(4)go后面跟文體娛樂方面的不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),用動(dòng)詞-ing形式,跟及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),用動(dòng)詞不定式;(5)forget及其反義詞remember后面的動(dòng)詞用-ing形式時(shí),表示該動(dòng)作已做,用動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),表示該動(dòng)作未做。序號(hào)漢語意思英文形式補(bǔ)充說明1去購(gòu)物/劃船/露營(yíng)goshopping/boating/camping去看電影gotowatchamovie2開始做某事start/begintodosth.同義,可以互換。start/begindoingsth.3喜歡做某事like/lovedoingsth.(一貫的喜好)通常視為同義,可以互換。like/lovetodosth.(特定的喜好)4幫助(某人)做某事helpsb.dosth.同義,可以互換。helpsb.todosth.5記得/忘記做某事remember/forgettodosth.未做記得/忘記做過某事remember/forgetdoingsth.已做11
如:(D)Doyouwanttogowithus?A.fish B.fishes C.tofish D.fishing6.如果需要填空的空格前有介詞(about,after,at,for,in,of,with等),則它們后面的動(dòng)詞必須用動(dòng)詞的ing形式。序號(hào)漢語意思英文形式補(bǔ)充說明1做某事怎么樣?What/Howaboutdoingsth.?2謝謝(您)做某事。Thanksfordoingsth.3擅長(zhǎng)做某事begoodatdoingsth.4做某事做得好dowellindoingsth.5對(duì)做某事有好處begoodfordoingsth.6做某事遲到belatefordoingsth.如:(C)ThelittlegirlisgoodatA.danceB.dancedC.dancingD.danceing(A)Thankyoufor__us!A.joiningB.joinedC.joinsD.tojoin7.其他使用非謂語動(dòng)詞的短語、句型:序號(hào)漢語意思英文形式補(bǔ)充說明1做某事遲到belatetodosth.“動(dòng)詞be+形容詞”后面的動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞不定式。2有空做某事befreetodosth.3做杲事開心behappytodosth.4做某事按時(shí)beontimetodosth.5有空做某事havetimetodosth.6禁止做某事nodoingsth.no+動(dòng)詞-ing形式7做什么whattodo疑問詞后面的動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞不定式。8怎么做某事howtodosth.9Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事。it是形式主語,真正的主語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。10Itis/was+adj.(forsb.)todosth.對(duì)某人來說,做某事11Itis/was+(one,s)+n.todosth.做某事是(某人的)12Itis/wasbesttodosth.最好做某事。三、非謂語動(dòng)詞專練:Wouldyouliketotalk(talk)inclass.Doyouenjoyworking(work)inChina?Theyarehavingfuncleaning(clean)theroom.Whatdoyouneedtodo(do)?Ispendhalfanhourwalking(walk)toschooleveryday.Iknowhowtogo(go)there,let,sgo(go).LiPingpracticedsinging(sing)theinterestingsongyesterday.Bobusuallyhelpshismothercook/tocook(cook)supper.Howaboutwalking(walk)tothepark?Don,tmakeuseat(eat)somucheveryday.Itisbadforourhealth(健康).Helenwouldliketoplay(play)theguitar.Thanksforteaching(teach)ussowell.12
Heaskedustocome(come)totheparty.Youcanwatchsomeboyseating(eat)hamburgersinarestaurant.Doyoulikeflying/tofly(fly)kiteswithus?Let,shave(have)aparty.Itismywishtohave(have)aplane.Itisinterestingforthemtoeat(eat)lunchinthetree.Theyarehavingagoodtimeswimming(swim)inthepool.Theywanttobe(be)scientists.四、動(dòng)詞綜合專練:Myparentscome(come)fromShandong.Samdoesn'tlike(notlike)playing/toplay(play)computergames.Thebeautifulgirlwears(wear)glasses.TheZhangfamilylive(live)inanapartmentinNanjing.Myfatherlovestoread(read)newspapersafterwork.Whatdidherclassmatesdo(do)lastFriday?Wouldyouliketohave(have)dinnerwithus?Hedoes(do)hishomeworkeveryevening.Butyesterdayhewatched(watch)TV.Sheisgoodatdancing(dance).Shesings(sing)verywell,too.Amytook(take)forawalkeveryafternoonlastyear.Milliehas(have)apairofbigblackeyes.Mr.Chendoesn'tlike(notlike)tea.Heenjoys(enjoy)drinkingcoffee.Didyourfatheroftenplay(play)tennislastyear?Whatabouttaking(take)somephotos?Whoelsewent(go)tocometoMillie'spartylastnight?Idid.Look!SimonandDanielarebuying(buy)somevegetables.Iwanttomake(make)friendswithyou.Ourparentsarewashing(wash)thecarnow.Le
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