2023年面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)C山師習(xí)題答案

第六章習(xí)題答案一、選擇填空1、A2、C3、D4、B5、D6、A7、C8、A9、D10、AIKC12.A13、B14、C15、C16、D17.B18、C19、A20、D21、C22、B二、判斷下列描述的對(duì)的性,對(duì)者劃J,錯(cuò)者劃X。1、J2、義3、X4、X5、J6、J7、義8、J9、X10、V11、J12、J13、J14、J15、X16、J17、J18、J19、V20、X21、X22、X三、分析下列程序的輸出結(jié)果。1、運(yùn)營(yíng)該程序輸出結(jié)果如下所示。Defau1tconstructorca11edConstructorca1leda=0,b=0a=4,b=82、運(yùn)營(yíng)該程序輸出結(jié)果如下所示。a=7,b=93、運(yùn)營(yíng)該程序輸出結(jié)果如下所示。1044、運(yùn)營(yíng)該程序輸出結(jié)果如下所示。1035,789.5045、運(yùn)營(yíng)該程序輸出結(jié)果如下所示。CDate：:CDate()CDate：:CDate(intday,intmonthjntyear)(m_nDay=day;m_nMonth=month；m_nYear=year;)voidCDate：:Display()(charday[5];charmonlh[5];charyear[5];_itoa(m_nDay,day,10);_itoa(m_nMonIh,nionth,10);_itoa(m_nYear,year,10);cout<<day?'7"<<month?'7"?year<<end1；}voidCDate::AddDay()(m_nDay++;if(IsLeapYear())if((m_nMonth==2)&&(m_nDay==30))m_nMonlh++;m_nDay=l；rcturn；)}else{if((m_nMonth==2)&&(m_nDay==29))(m_nMonth++;m_nDay=1;return；})if(m_nDay>31){if(m_nMonth==12)(m_nYear+4-;m_nMonth=l;m_nDay=1;)eIse(m_nMonth++：m_nDay=1;}))voidCDate::SetDate(intday,intmonth,intyear)(m_nDay=day;m_nMonth=month；m_nYear=year;)CDate:：~CDate()()boolCDate::IsLeapYear()|boo1bLeap;if(m_nYcar%4!=0)bLeap=false;elseif(m_nYear%100!=0)bLeap=true;elseif(m_nYear%400!=0)bLeap=fa1se；elsebLcap=truc;returnbLeap;voidmain()CDated;d.SetDatc(2023,2,28);coutvV"當(dāng)前日期=>'d.Disp1ay();d.AddDay();coutvv”當(dāng)前日期加1=>:";d.Disp1ay();)4、程序內(nèi)容如下所示。#include<iostream,h>classTc(private：doubleunlead,lead,total;intunpricc,price;pub1ic:Tc(){unprice=l7；price=16；}voidgetdata(){coutVV"無(wú)鉛汽油總量「；cin>>un1ead;coutv<”有鉛汽油總量;”；cin?lead;totai=unpricc*unlead+pricc*lcad；voiddisp()cout?"總收入:"<<total?cndl;))；voidmain(){TcA;A.getdata();A.disp()；}5、程序內(nèi)容如下所示。#inc1ude<iostream.h>c1assCFactorial(intvaluc;in(fact;pub1ic:CFactorial(intva1);voidCa1culateFactorial()；voidDisp1ay()；)；CFactoria1:：CFactorial(intva1)(vahic=val;fact=I;voidCFactorial：：Ca1culateFactorial(){inii=value;while(i>1)facl*=i—；IvoidCFactoria1：：Display()(cout<<value<<"!="?fact?end1;}voidmain()(CFactoriaIA(5);A.CaIculateFactorial();A.Disp1ay();)6、程序內(nèi)容如下所示。#include<iostream.h>#include<iomanip.h>classrectangle(private：floatledge,sedge;public:rectangle(){};reclangle(floala,floatb)Icdge=a;sedge=b;)；floatarea(){returnledgersedge;)；voidaddarea(rectang1er1,rectangler2)(coul<〈”總面積：w<<rl.1edge*rl.sedge+r2.1edge*r2.sedge?endl；)}；voidmain()(rectangleA(3.5,2.5),B(4.2,3.8),C;C.addarea(A,B);}7、程序內(nèi)容如下所示。inc1ude<iostream.h>inc1ude<iomanip.h>classrectangle(private：f1oatledge?sedge;pub1ic:rectang1e(){}；rcctanglc(f1oata,floath)(ledge=a；sedge=b;I；floatarea()(return1edge*sedge;}；voidshow1ength()(coutvv"周長(zhǎng):"VV(ledge+sedge)*2?endl;)rectang1ct1cngth(rcctangler2){rectangletemp;temp.ledge=ledge+r2.ledge;temp,sedge=sedge+r2.sedge;retumtemp；});voidmain()rectangleA(3.5,2.5),B(4.2,3.8);cout?"A,';A.showlength();cout?"B°;B.showlength();rcctanglcC=A.tlcngth(B);cout?"C"；C.showlength();}8、程序內(nèi)容如下所示。#inelude<iostream.h>#include<iomanip.h>c1assLine(private:doubIexl,x2,yl,y2;public:Line(){};Line(doublea.doubleb,doublec,doubled)(x1=a;yl=b;x2=c;y2=d;cout?"線段端點(diǎn)"VVxl<<"JVVylvv")-("?x2?,,,"?y2?")"?endl；)friendtwoline(Line1I,Line12)(doublerl=12.y1*(12.x2-11.x1)-1I.y1*(12.x2-12.x1)+(11.x1—12.x1)*(12.y2-12.yl)；doubler2=(1l.y2-ll.y1)*(12.x2~12.x1)-(11.x2-11.x1)*(12.y2-l2.yl);doubler=rl/r2;doub1et=((ll.xl—I2.xl)+r*(11.x2-11.x1))/(12.x2-12.X1);if(r>0&&r<l&&t>0&&t<l)coutVV""<<end1;e1seif(r>O&&r<l&&t>=l)cout<<""<<end1;elseif((r>=1||r<=0)&&t>0&&t<1)coutvV""<<endl;e1secout?"',<<endl；)｝；voidmain()(LincA(2,2,18,18),B(1,12,19,5);twoline(A,B);)9、本題涉及兩個(gè)類siudent和cdegree,前者為學(xué)生類，包含學(xué)生的學(xué)號(hào)(no),姓名(name)和成績(jī)(degree),而成績(jī)degree是類cdegree的對(duì)象。cdegrec類有3個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)成員,分別為數(shù)學(xué)(math),英語(yǔ)(english)和物理(phy)分?jǐn)?shù)。程序內(nèi)容如下所示。#include<iostream.h>c1assstudentintno;(}{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8)1!11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19){19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11}6、運(yùn)營(yíng)該程序輸出結(jié)果如下所示。Starting1：Defau1tconsiructorcalled.Defau1tconstruetorcalled.Defaultconslructorcalled.Edingl:Starting2:Constructor:a=5,b=6Constructor：a=7,b=8Constructor：a=9,b=10Ending2：Destructorca11cd.a=9,b=10Des(ruclorca11ed.a=7,b=8Destructorcailed,a=5,b=6Destruetorcalled.a=5,b=6Destmetorcallcd.a=3,b=4Destructorcalled.a=Lb=27、運(yùn)營(yíng)該程序輸出結(jié)果如下所示。Defaultconstructorcalled.DefauItconstruetorcalled.Defaultconstructorca11ed.DefauItconstructorcal1ed.charnamef10］；c1asscdegree(publie：intmath;intenglish;intphy：}degree;pub1ic:voidgelda(a()(coutvv”學(xué)號(hào)：”;cin?no;coutvv"姓名:";cin?name；coutVV”數(shù)學(xué)分?jǐn)?shù)：cin?degree.math;cout?"英語(yǔ)分?jǐn)?shù)："；cin>>degree.english;cout<<”物理分?jǐn)?shù)：cin?degree.phy;)voiddisp(){cout<<"學(xué)號(hào)："<<no<<cndl;cout<<"姓名："?name?endl：cout?"數(shù)學(xué)分?jǐn)?shù)："<<degree.math?endl;cout<<"英語(yǔ)分?jǐn)?shù)：'*<<degree.english<<end1;cout<V”物理分?jǐn)?shù)："<<degrec.phy<<endI：))；voidmain()(studentstud;stud.getdata();stud.disp();)10、程序內(nèi)容如下所示。#include<iostream.h>classStudcnt(inteng1ish,computcr,total;pub1ic:voidgetscore();voidclisplay();voidsort(Student火)；-Student()；｝；voidStudent::getscore()(cout<<"輸入英語(yǔ)成績(jī)"；cin?english;coutVV"輸入計(jì)算機(jī)成績(jī)”；cin?computer;totai=english+computcr;)voidStudent::sort(Studcnt*p)(inttmp,i,j：for(j=0：j<2；j++)for(i=0；i<2;i++)if(total<p->tota1)(tmp=total;total=p—>tota1;p->tota1=tmp;(mp=english;cnglish=p->cnglish;p->english=tmp;tmp=computer;computer=p->computer；p->computer=tnip；))voidStudent::display()cout<V"英語(yǔ)="<<cng1ish<<"計(jì)算機(jī)="?computcr<V"總分="<Vtotal?cndl：voidmain()Studcnt*A[3];for(intj=O;jv3;j++)(A|j]=newStudent;coutvv"學(xué)生"V<j+lvvend1;Afj]->getscore();}inti；for(j=O;j<2；j++)for(i=0；i<2;i++)A[i]->sort(A[i+l]);cout<<end1V<"排序結(jié)果如下："<<endl;for(i=0;i<3;i++)A[i]->display()；)1、程序內(nèi)容如下所示。#include<iostream,h>struct1ist〃定義棧(intdata;list*nexI；}；classStack〃定義一個(gè)棧操作類list*ptr;public:Stack(){ptr=NULL;}voidpush(inti);intpop();I；voidStack::push(intx)//入棧成員函數(shù)(list*newnode=new1ist;newnode->data=x；newnode->next=ptr；ptr=newnode；)intStack：:pop()//出棧成員函數(shù)(1ist*top;intvalue；value=ptr—>data;top=ptr；ptr=ptr->next;deletetop；returnvalue;)voidmain()StackA;iniarr[]={5,2,8,1,4,3,9,7,6};cout<<"入枝順序："；for(inti=0;i<9;i+4-){cout?arr[i]?"A.push(arr[i]);)coutvvendlvv”出棧順序:"；for(i=0：iV9;i++)cout?A.pop()<<""；cout?end);)12、程序內(nèi)容如下所示。#include<iostream.h>struct1ist(intdata;list*next;c1assQucue(Iist*ptrf,*ptrb;〃隊(duì)首和隊(duì)尾指針public：Queue()ptrf=ptrb=NULL;voidenqueue(int);intdcqucuc()；)：voidQueue：:enqueuc(intx)〃入隊(duì)成員函數(shù)(list*newnode=new1ist；newnode->data=x;newnode->next=NULL；if(ptrb==NULL)ptrf=ptrb=newnode：else(ptrb->ncxt=newnode;ptrb=newnode;})；intQueue:：dequeue()//出隊(duì)成員函數(shù)(1ist*tmp;intva1ue;va1ue=ptrf->data;tmp=ptrf;ptr^ptrf->next;de1ctetmp;returnvalue;voidmain()QueueA;intarr[]={3,12,8,9,11};COUlVV"入隊(duì)順序；";for(inti=0;i<5；i++)(cout<<arr[i]?"";A.enqueue(arr[i]);}cout<<endl?"出隊(duì)順序；for(i=0；i<5;i++)cout?A.dequcue()?"”;cout<<end1;}13、程序內(nèi)容如下所示。#include<iostream.h>#include<std1ib.h>typcdefstructtree(intdata;tree*1eft,*right-father；}*bstree;classBtrcestaticintn;staticintm;publie:tree*root;Btree()(root=NULL;)voidcreate_Btree(int);voidinorder(bstree)；//中序遍歷voiddisplayO{cout?endl<<"中序遍歷序列:"?endl；inorder(root);cout<Vendl;}intcount(bstree);//計(jì)算二叉樹(shù)的個(gè)數(shù)intprint(bstrce,int)；//輸出要查找的值相應(yīng)的雙親結(jié)點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容)：intBtrce:：n=0：in(Btree::m=0;intBtree：：print(bstreep,intk)(if(p==NULL)rcturn0;else(if(p->data!=k){print(p—>1cft,k);print(p->right,k);eIsecoutvvkvv"的雙親結(jié)點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容為:"vvp—>father—>data?end)return0；})voidBtree:：ereate_Btree(inix)(bslreenewnode=newtree;newnode—>data=x；ncwnodc->right=ncwnode->lcft=NULL；if(root==NULL)root=ncwnode;else(bstreeback;bstreecurrent=root；whiIe(current!=NULL)(back=current;if(current—>data>x)

currcnt=currcnt->lcft;Destructorcalied.Constructorlcal1ed.Destructorcal1cd.Constructor2ca11ed.Destructorcalled.x=0,y=0x=5,y=0x=2,y=3Destructorca1led.Destruc(orca1led.Destructorcalled.8、運(yùn)營(yíng)該程序輸出結(jié)果如下所示。Constructorcalied.0Construetorcal1cd.5Destructorcalled.55Destructorcalied.59、運(yùn)營(yíng)該程序輸出結(jié)果如下所示。Constructorcalied.55Destructorca11ed.510、運(yùn)營(yíng)該程序輸出結(jié)果如下所示。DefaultConstructorcalled.Construetor:rea1=6.8,imag=0Constructor：rea1=5.6,imag=7.90+0Icurrent=current->right；if(back->data>x){back—>left=newnode;newnode->father=back;}else{back->right=newnode;newnode->father=back;}))intBtree：：count(bstreep)(if(p==NULL)return0;e1sereturncount(p->1eft)+count(p—>right)+l;〃這是運(yùn)用了函數(shù)嵌套即遞歸的方法。)voidBtree:：inorder(bstreetemp)//這是中序遍歷二叉樹(shù)，采用了遞歸I的方法。(if(temp!=NULL)(inorder(temp->left);cout<<temp—>data?"inorder(temp—>right);voidmain()(BtreeA;intarray[]={7,4,1,5,12,8,13,11}；intk；k=sizeof(array)/sizeof(array[0]);coul?"建立排序二又樹(shù)順序：H?end1;for(inti=0；i<k;i++)(cout<<array[i]<<""；A.create_Btree(array[i])；}cout?endl;coutvv"二叉樹(shù)節(jié)點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)：”<vA.count(A.root)?endl;A.disp1ay();)14、程序內(nèi)容如下所示。#inelude<iostream.h>#inckide<stdio.h>structlist1ist*next；｝；classStack(ist*ptr;pub1ic：Stack()｛ptr=NULL；｝voidpush(inti);intpop();intempty()(if(ptr==NULL)relurn1;elsereturn0;)I；voidStack::push(intx)(ist*newnode=newlist；newnode->data=x;newnode->next=ptr；ptr=newnode;)intStack::pop()(list*top：value=ptr->data；top=ptr；ptr=ptr->next;deletetop;returnva1uc：)c1assQueue(list*ptrf,*ptrb;public:Queue(){ptrf=ptrb=NULL;)voidenqueue(int);intdcqucue()；)；voidQueue::enqueue(intx)(list火newnodc=newlist;newnode->data=x;newnode—>next=NULL；if(ptrb==NULL)ptrf=ptrb=newnode;pirb->next=newnode;ptrb=newnode;)}；intQueue：:dcqucue()(list*imp;intvalue;value=ptrf—>data;tmp=plrf;ptrf=ptrf—>next;de1etetmp；returnvalue;)voidmain()(StackS;QueueQ；charch;cout?"輸入數(shù)據(jù):";while((ch=getchar())!='.'){S.push(ch);Q.enqueue(ch);while(!S.emp(y()&&S.pop()==Q.dequeue());if(S.empty())cout<<”輸入的是回文數(shù)據(jù)。”《endl；elsecout<<"輸入的不是回文數(shù)據(jù)。"?end1;}15、程序內(nèi)容如下所示。#include<iostream.h>#include<iomanip.h>classmagic(intm[4][4];intsiep;intfirst；intsum：public:voidgctdata();voidsetfirstmagic();voidgeneratemagic()：voidprintmagic();}；voidmagic::getdata()(cOUIV〈”輸入魔方起始值：”;cin?first；cout?"輸入相鄰元素差值:"；cin?step;voidmagic::setfirstmagic()inti,j;inttmp；tmp=first；for(i=0;i<4；i++)for(j=0;j<4;j++){m[i][j]=tmp;tmp+=step；))voidmagic::gcncratemagic()(sum=m[0][0]+m[3][3];for(in(i=0,j=0；i<4;i++,j++)m[i][j]=sum-m[i][j];for(i=0,j=3;i<4；i++,j--)m[i][J]=sum-m[i][j]；)voidmagic::printmagic()(inti,j;for(i=0;iV4;i++)for(j=0;j<4;j++)cout<<setw(5)<<m[i][j];cout?endl;))voidmain()(magicA;A.getdata();A.setfirstmagic();coutv<”本來(lái)的魔方如下："cvendl;A.printmagic();A.generatemagic();coutVV"最終的魔方如下:"《endl;A.printmagic()：6.8+015.6+7.9IConstructor:rcal=1.2,imag=3.4Constructor：real=5,imag=0DefaultConstructorcailed.1.2+3.415+010+011、答：⑴該程序中用string.h中所包含的函數(shù)有3種,它們是strcpy()、strcat()和strlen().⑵該程序中使用了函數(shù)重載。它們是下述兩個(gè)構(gòu)造函數(shù)重載：String()和Siring(constchar*str)o(3)類中成員函數(shù)Sctc()的功能是用來(lái)設(shè)立字符數(shù)組中某位置的一個(gè)指定字符。⑷類中成員函數(shù)Getc()的功能是用來(lái)從某個(gè)字符數(shù)組中獲取指定位置的字符。⑸類中成員函數(shù)Appcnd()的功能是在一個(gè)字符數(shù)組中追加一個(gè)指定的字符串，即將指定的字符串添加到已知串的后邊。⑹不行。⑺該程序中有兩處使用了new運(yùn)算符。⑻運(yùn)營(yíng)該程序輸出結(jié)果如下所示。empty.astring.9astring.thisastring.四、改正以下程序中的錯(cuò)誤。1、該程序中point類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)定義不對(duì)的，在main()中隊(duì)數(shù)據(jù)成員的訪問(wèn)不對(duì)的,修改如下：#inc1ude<iostream.h>c1asspoint(ntxl,x2；public:point(intx,inty){point::x=x;point:：y=y；}voiddisp(){cout?xl<<endl;cout?x2?endl;)//)；voidmain(){pointda(a(5,5)；data.dispO;)2、在main。函數(shù)中的p.x+=5和p.y+=6兩個(gè)語(yǔ)句是錯(cuò)誤的，由于保護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)僅能被類的成員函數(shù)訪問(wèn)。五、按下列規(guī)定編寫程序。1、程序內(nèi)容如下所示。#inc