英語語言學(xué)試題庫

.適用文檔.英語語言學(xué).Directions：Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully，DecidewhichofthefourchoicescompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.1.Thereare()mainareasofphoneticstudy.A.2B.3C.4D.5ANSWER:B2.Theterm()linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchronicB.diachronicCparativeD.historicalcomparativeANSWER:B3.Foreignlanguagelearningalwayscontain()AlanguagehistoricalprocesslearningB.inputandlanguagelearningCinterlanguageinlanguagelearningD.grammarandlanguagelearningANSWER:BCD4.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,()andkinterm.Atitle+firstnameBtitle+title..適用文檔.CtitlealoneDfirstname+lastname+titleANSWER:C5.Featuresofthelanguageinfictionsare:AstressandmetricalpatterningCprosestyleANSWER:BC

()BspeechandthoughtpresentationDanalysisofthetext6.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition?()ALanguageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformationBLanguageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeingsCChildrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguageDHumansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuseANSWER:A7.Wordscanbeidentifiedintermsof()AaminimumfreeformBstabilityCrelativeuninterruptibilityDvariableornotANSWER:ABC8.Whichisnotthefeaturesoflanguage?()..適用文檔.AarbitrarinessBdualityCcreativityDreplacementANSWER:D9.Approacherstosyntaxcanbe:()AthetraditionalapproachBthestructuralapproachCthefunctionalapproachDthegenerativeapproachANSWER:ABCD10.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze()meaning.AphonemeBwordCphraseDsentenceANSWER:D11.Lexicalchangecannotbearesultof()AphonologicalchangeBsemanticchangeCanalogicalchangeDorthographicchangeANSWER:C12.Thewordsthatcontainonlyonemorphemearecalled()AboundmorphemesBrootsCfreemorphemesDaffixesANSWER:B..適用文檔.13.()isthestudyoflanguageinrelationtothemind.APsycholinguisticsBSociolinguisticsCLinguisticsDSemanticsANSWER:A14.Whichbelongstothemainbranchesoflinguistics?()AphoneticsBmetalingyCmorphologyDsyntaxANSWER:ACD15.Whichdoesn’tbelongtothemainbranchesoflinguistics?()AphoneticsBmorphologyCmetalingyDsyntaxANSWER:C16.Voicingasaqualityofspeechsoundsiscausedbythevibrationof()AthevelumBthevocalcordsCtheglottisDtheuvulaANSWER:B17.Senseof“word〞contains:()AaphysicallydefinableunitBthecommonfactorunderlyingasetofformsCanessentialformerofsentencesDagrammaticalunitANSWER:ABD18.Differentfunctionalspeechvarietiesknownasareexpectedin,say,achurchsermon,a..適用文檔.diplomaticencounter,afamilydinner,orasportsbroadcast.AregistersBstylesCdialectsDaccentsANSWER:A19.Whichisnotthefeaturesoflanguage?()AarbitrarinessBdualityCcreativityDreplacementANSWER:D20.Westudypsycholinguisticsbecause()AtoknowaboutpsychologicalrealityoflinguisticstructuresBtohelptheaphasicsCtoproducefindingswhichleadtothemodificationoftheoreticalideasDtomakeitanewtoolforstudyingpsychologyANSWER:AC.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebrackets(2%10=20%).×1.Realationsbetweenmeaningsofwordscanbesynonymy,antonymyorhyponymy.()ANSWER:T..適用文檔.2.Bothassimilationandalienationcanhappenduringphonologicalprocesses.()ANSWER:T3.Phoneisaphonologicalunit.()ANSWER:F4.ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.()ANSWER:F5.ThefirstpragmatictheoryisConversationalImplicature.()ANSWER:F6.FatherofmodernlinguisticsisSwissF.deSaussure.()ANSWER:F7.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.()ANSWER:F8.Thereismerelylittledifferencebetweendataretrievalandinformationretrieval.()ANSWER:F9.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.()ANSWER:T10.Thereisnodifferencebetweendataretrievalandinformationretrieval.()ANSWER:F11.Languagereferstotheabstractinnatesystem,however,parolereferstotheoutcomeor..適用文檔.whatweactuallyutter/write.()ANSWER:T12.Therearesomerelationsbetweenlanguageandculture,languageandsociety,buttheyarenotdeservedtospendalotoftimestudying.()ANSWER:F13.Languageacquisitionisahotresearchtopictoday,andsocial,cultural,personalfactorsarealsoobservedtobeaffecting.()ANSWER:T14.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.()ANSWER:F15.Realationsbetweenmeaningsofwordscanbesynonymy,antonymyorhyponymy.()ANSWER:T16.Acompoundisthecombinationoftwowords.()ANSWER:F17.Bothassimilationandalienationcanhappenduringphonologicalprocesses.()ANSWER:T18.Synchronicdescribeslanguagebyanalyzingitsdevelopmentthroughdifferentperiodoftime,whilediachronicdescribesphenomenonoflanguageofacertainperiod.()ANSWER:F..適用文檔.19.Languagereferstotheabstractinnatesystem,however,parolereferstotheoutcomeorwhatweactuallyutter/write.()ANSWER:T20.Themeaningofasentenceisalwaysthesumtotalofthewordsinthatsentence.()ANSWER:FⅢ.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms(3%5=15%)×.1.displacementANSWER:Displacement，asoneofthedesignfeaturesofthehumanlanguage，referstothefactthatonecantalkaboutthingsthatarenotpresent，aseasilyashedoesthingspresently.2.culturaltransmissionANSWER:Itmeansthatlanguageisnotbiologicallytransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration，butthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker.3.categoryANSWER:Category,insomeapproachesreferstoclassesandfunctionsinitsnarrowsense,morespecifically,itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofgeneralunits...適用文檔.4.arbitrarinessANSWER:Onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothefacethattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.5.Vowl:ANSWER:Aresoundsegmentsproducedwithoutsuchobstruction,sonoturbulenceofatotalstoppingoftheaircanbeperceived.6.lexicon:ANSWER:Alistofallthewordsinalanguageassignedtovariouslexicalcategoriesandprovidedwithsemanticinterpretation.7.linguisticsANSWER:Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage,itstudiesnotjustonelanguageofanyonesociety，butthelanguageofallhumanbeings.8.word..適用文檔.ANSWER:Wordisaunitofexpressionthathasuniversalintuitiverecognitionbynativespeakers,whetheritisexpressedinspokenorwrittenform..Brieflyanswerthefollowingquestions1.Pleaselistthe4designfeaturesoflanguageANSWER:①arbitrariness②duality③creativity④displacement2.Whydolinguistssaylanguageishumanspecific?ANSWER:Firstofall，humanlanguagehassix“designfeatures〞whichanimalcommunicationsystemsdonothave，atleastnotinthetruesenseofthem.Secondly，linguistshavedonealottryingtoteachanimalssuchaschimpanzeestospeakahumanlanguagebuthaveachievednothinginspiring.Thirdly，ahumanchildrearedamonganimalscannotspeakahumanlanguage，notevenwhenheistakenbackandtaughttolotoso.3.Whatdoesphonologystudy？Whatisthedifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonology？ANSWER:Phonologystudiestherulesgoverningthestructure,distribution,and..適用文檔.sequencingofspeechsoundsandtheshapeofsyllables.PhoneticsisthestudyofsoundsthatthehumanvoiceiscapableofcreatingwhereasPhonologyisthestudyofasubsetofthosesoundsthatconstitutelanguageandmeaning.Thefirstfocusesonchaoswhilethesecondfocusesonorder.4.Listthesevenfunctionsofhumanlanguages.ANSWER:①Informativefunction②Interpersonalfunction③PerformativefunctionMetalingualfunction⑤Phaticcommunionfunction⑥RecreationalfunctionEmotivefunction.Translation1.Inlinguistics,itreferstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orsimply,thestudyoftheformationofsentences.ANSWER:在語言學(xué)上,它是指在一種語言中,對(duì)指導(dǎo)文字組合從而形成句子規(guī)那么的研究,或簡(jiǎn)言之,是對(duì)句子組成的研究.puterisanelectronicmachinethatcanbeusedtomanipulatedataaccordingtoaseriesofinstructionstoredinitsmemoryandwhichcanperformcomplextasksinaveryshorttime...適用文檔.ANSWER:計(jì)算機(jī)是一種電子機(jī)器，它能夠依據(jù)寄存在內(nèi)存里的一系列程序控制數(shù)據(jù)，并能夠在特別短的時(shí)間內(nèi)達(dá)成復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。3.Speechsoundshadexistedlongbeforewritingwasinvented,andeventoday,insomepartsoftheworld,therearestilllanguagesthathavenowritingsystems.ANSWER:語音在書面寫作創(chuàng)建從前便早已存在了，即便到了今日，世界上一些地方，仍舊還只是存在語言而沒有書寫系統(tǒng)。Thefactthatovertheyearsnumerousdictionarieshavebeenproducedwithaviewtoexplainingthemeaningofwordsalsobearswitnesstoitslongtradition.ANSWER:多年以來,無數(shù)的字典頻頻提出以期解說“word〞含義的事實(shí),也目睹了其悠長(zhǎng)的歷史.5.Languageisaproductofhumanintelligence,createdanewineachindividualbyoperationsthatliefarbeyondthereachofwillorconsciousness.ANSWER:語言是人類智慧的產(chǎn)物,經(jīng)過運(yùn)作被每個(gè)個(gè)體從頭建構(gòu),而這類運(yùn)作是遠(yuǎn)非意志或意識(shí)所及的...適用文檔.6.Itishardtodefine〞“inwordthescientificsense.Nevertheless,itisagreedthatthreesensesareinvolvedindefining〞,none“wordofwhich,ofcourse,issatisfactorytocopewithallthesituation.ANSWER:很難從科學(xué)意義上定義“單詞〞，可是，在定義“單詞〞時(shí)，人們廣泛認(rèn)可有三個(gè)含義應(yīng)包括此中——自然，它們中任何一個(gè)都不可以獨(dú)自令人滿意地應(yīng)付全部狀況。7.Ithaslongbeenrecognizedthatlanguageisanessentialandimportantpartofagivencultureandthattheimpactofcultureuponagivenlanguageissomethingintrinsicandindispensable.ANSWER:人類早就認(rèn)識(shí)到，語言是某種特定文化既根本又重要的一局部，因此對(duì)某種特定語言的文化沖擊是內(nèi)在的，不行防備的。8.Meaninghasalwaysbeenacentraltopicinhumanscholarship,thoughtheterm“semantics〞hasonlyahistoryofalittleoverahundredyears.ANSWER:“語義〞向來是人類學(xué)識(shí)的核心議題,只管〞語義學(xué)〞僅有一百年左右的歷史...適用文檔.puterisanelectronicmachinethatcanbeusedtomanipulatedataaccordingtoaseriesofinstructionstoredinitsmemoryandwhichcanperformcomplextasksinaveryshorttime.ANSWER:計(jì)算機(jī)是一種電子機(jī)器，它能夠依據(jù)寄存在內(nèi)存里的一系列程序控制數(shù)據(jù)，并能夠在特別短的時(shí)間內(nèi)達(dá)成復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。10.Ithaslongbeenrecognizedthatlanguageisanessentialandimportantpartofagivencultureandthattheimpactofcultureuponagivenlanguageissomethingintrinsicandindispensable.ANSWER:人類早就認(rèn)識(shí)到，語言是某種特定文化既根本又重要的一局部，因此對(duì)某種特定語言的文化沖擊是內(nèi)在的，不行防備的。.Answerandanalyse1、Whatmakeslinguisticsascience？ANSWER:Sincelinguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage，itoughttobaseitselfuponthesystematic，investigationoflanguagedatawhichaimsatdiscoveringthetruenatureoflanguageanditsunderlyingsystem.Tomakesenseofthedata，alinguistusuallyhasconceivedsomehypothesesaboutthelanguagestructure，tobecheckedagainsttheobservedorobservablefacts.Inordertomakehisanalysisscientific,alinguistisusually..適用文檔.guidedbyfourprinciples:exhaustiveness，consistency，andobjectivity.Exhaustivenessmeansheshouldgatherallthematerialsrelevanttothestudyandgivethemanadequateexplanation，inspiteofthecomplicatedness.Heistoleavenolinguistic“stone〞unturned;Consistencymeansthereshouldbenocontradictionbetweendifferentpartsofthetotalstatement;Economymeansalinguistshouldpursuebrevityintheanalysiswhenitispossible;Objectivityimpliesthatsincesomepeoplemaybesubjectiveinthestudy，alinguistshouldbe〔orsoun