2023學(xué)年完整版Unit3Inventorsandinventions總結(jié)

Unit3Inventorsandinventions總結(jié)詞匯詳解：一.詞語辨析1.

discover

/

find

/

invent【解釋】discover表示“偶然”或“經(jīng)過努力”發(fā)現(xiàn)客觀存在的事物、真理或錯誤。find意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到”，指對某種事物的尋求，也指對丟失的事物的找到。invent

指設(shè)計或制造原來沒有的東西。【練習(xí)】用discover，find，invent的適當(dāng)形式填空。1).

Columbus

_______

America

in

1492.2).

You

will

_______

it

a

difficult

book.3).

When

did

you

_______

that

she’

s

married?4).

I’

ve

_______

the

book

I

was

hunting

for.5).

Alexander

Graham

Bell

_______

the

telephone

in

1876.Keys:

1).

discovered

2).

find

3).

found

4).

discover

5).

invented2.

hope

/

wish

/

expect【解釋】hope

后面只能接不定式和that從句，表示一種有信心的可實現(xiàn)的希望。注意：1.

hope后不能接動名詞作賓語，也不能用hope

sb.

to

do

sth.

結(jié)構(gòu)。2.

省略答語中，not不可放在hope前，如不能說I

don’

t

hope

so.只能說I

hope

not.wish

通常表示有某種未實現(xiàn)或無法實現(xiàn)的欲望或希望，wish后跟從句時常用虛擬語氣。expect

表示“預(yù)期，盼望，期待，料想”，后面可跟名詞、代詞、不定式，that從句等。【練習(xí)】用hope，wish，expect的適當(dāng)形式填空。1).

We

_______

that

our

children

will

carry

on

our

family

traditions.2).

I

_______

you

a

very

happy

future.3).

What

do

you

_______

me

to

do?4).

Most

of

the

parents

_______

much

of

their

children.5).

I

am

_______

a

letter

from

her.6).

I

________

I

were

really

wealthy.Keys:

1).

hope

2).

wish

3).

wish

/

expect

4).

expect

5).

expecting

6).

Wish3.

bear

/

endure

/

stand

/

tolerate【解釋】bear強(qiáng)調(diào)忍受者對痛苦、憂慮、煩惱以及責(zé)任的承受力，常用于否定句中。endure意為“經(jīng)受長期的艱難、困苦或折磨而不屈服”，強(qiáng)調(diào)持久力和意志堅強(qiáng)，常用于否定句中。stand強(qiáng)調(diào)不屈不撓或經(jīng)受得起，常用于否定句中。tolerate意為““忍受某人或某種行為而不反抗”，語氣最弱，可用于肯定句和否定句?！揪毩?xí)】用bear，endure，stand，tolerate的適當(dāng)形式填空。1).

Our

tent

won’

t

_______

another

storm

like

the

last

one.2).

I

can’

t

_______

to

wait

any

longer.3).

She’

s

already

had

to

_______

three

painful

operations

on

her

leg.4).

I

will

not

_______

that

sort

of

behaviour

in

my

class.Keys:

1).

stand

2).

bear

3).

endure

4).

tolerate4.

set

off

/

set

out

/

set

about【解釋】set

off

“出發(fā)”，側(cè)重于去某個地方。set

out

“出發(fā)，開始”，側(cè)重于開始做某事，還有規(guī)劃，展現(xiàn)的意思，后加不定式。set

about

“開始，著手”，與set

out意思相近，后加v-ing形式?！揪毩?xí)】用set

off，set

out，set

about的適當(dāng)形式填空。1).

They

succeeded

in

what

they

had

_______

to

do.2).

Having

made

up

his

mind,

he

_______

carrying

out

the

plan.3).

If

you

want

to

catch

that

train

we’

d

better

_______

for

the

station

immediately.Keys:

1).

set

out

2).

set

about

3).

set

off二.詞性變化1.

mercy

n.仁慈，寬容merciful

adj.

寬恕的merciless

adj.殘忍的；無情的2.

abrupt

adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，魯莽的abruptly

adv.突然地；粗魯?shù)?.

expect

vt.

期待，預(yù)期，

指望expectation

n.

期待，預(yù)料，指望，展望unexpected.

adj.

想不到的，未預(yù)料unexpectedly

adv.

出乎意料地，想不到地4.

freeze

v.(使)凍結(jié)，(使)

結(jié)冰

n.凍結(jié)；冰凍期freezing

n.

冰點

adj.

冰凍的，嚴(yán)寒的5.

practise

vt.&vi.

實行；

練習(xí)；實習(xí)practice

n.

練習(xí)，實習(xí)，實踐，習(xí)俗practical

adj.實際的，實

踐的，實用的【練習(xí)】用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1).

This

result

was

beyond

my

wildest

________

(expect).2).

She

was

subjected

to

the

________

(mercy)

criticism

of

her

opponents.3).

They

asked

her

to

be

________

(mercy)

to

the

prisoners.4).

We

must

put

our

plans

into

________

(practise).5).

Your

invention

is

very

________

(practice).6).

The

young

girl

practices

________

(play)

the

violin

every

day.7).

His

father

died

_______

(expect),

and

it

was

ten

years

since

they

were

last

together.8).

We

were

_______

(freeze)

cold

in

the

tent

last

night.9).

Our

conversation

came

to

an

_______

(abruptly)

end

when

George

burst

into

the

room.Keys:

1).

expectation

2).

merciless

3).

merciful

4).

practice5).

practical

6).

playing

7).

unexpectedly

8).

freezing

9).

abrupt三.重點詞匯1.

distinguish

辨別；辨認(rèn)；（常與from,

between連用）區(qū)別；區(qū)分[典例]1).

I

can

distinguish

them

at

a

distance.從遠(yuǎn)處我能認(rèn)出他們。2).

The

man

distinguishes

himself

by

his

wisdom這個人因智慧而揚(yáng)名。[重點用法]distinguish

A

from

B

辨別A與Bbe

distinguished

from不同于……be

distinguished

by

以……為特征be

distinguished

for

因……而著稱distinguish

oneself

顯揚(yáng)自己；使自己揚(yáng)名[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或翻譯。1).

Can

you

distinguish

_______

those

two

objects?2).

Children

should

be

taught

to

_______

_______

_______

_______

(分辨好壞).3).

Speech

distinguishes

human

beings

_______

the

animals.4).

The

Chinese

nation

is

distinguished

_______

its

diligence

and

courage.Keys:

1).

between

2).

distinguish

right

from

wrong

3).

from

4).

for2.

convenient

adj.便利的，方便的convenience

n.便利，方便conveniently

adv.便利地[典例]1).

Is

it

convenient

for

you

to

come

next

Sunday?下個星期天你方便來嗎？2).

I

can’

t

see

him

now;

it’

s

not

convenient.我現(xiàn)在不便見他。[重點用法]be

convenient

to

sb.

對某人方便It

is

convenient

(for

sb)

to

do

sth.

(某人)做某事方便[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或翻譯。1).

Come

and

see

me

_______

_______

_______

_______

_______

(無論你何時方便).2).

We

must

arrange

a

________

(convenience)

time

and

place

for

the

meeting.3).

I

keep

my

reference

books

near

by

desk

for

_______

(convenient).Keys:

1).

whenever

it’

s

convenient

to

you

2).

convenient

3).

convenience3.

seize

vt.

抓住，捉住；占據(jù)；（指強(qiáng)烈的感情﹑

愿望等）突然影響或控制（某人）[典例]1).

She

seized

me

by

the

wrist.她抓住我的手腕。2).

Panic

seized

us.我們驚恐萬狀。[重點用法]seize

hold

of

sth

抓住某物seize

a

chance

/

an

opportunity

抓住時機(jī)seize

on/upon

sth

意識到某事物而立即加以利用[練習(xí)]完成句子。1).

His

father

asked

him

______________________________________

(抓住時機(jī)賺一些錢).2).

We

_____________

(身不由己)

by

a

sudden

impulse

to

run.3).

The

critics

_______

_______

(抓住)

my

mistake

and

said

I

was

ignorant.Keys:

1).

to

seize

the

chance

to

make

some

money

2).

were

seized

3).

seized

on4.

file

n.[c]

文件；檔案

vt.

把……歸檔[典例]1).

Here

are

our

files

on

the

results

of

the

business

in

the

past

five

years.這是我們過去五年來經(jīng)營成績的案卷。2).

Please

file

this

paper

away,

Miss

Mary.瑪麗小姐，請把這份文件歸檔。[重點用法]have／open／keep

a

file

on存有／設(shè)立／保存……的檔案[練習(xí)]翻譯下面的句子。1).

她把她所有的信件仔細(xì)歸檔。_______________________________________________________________________________2).

他閱讀了有關(guān)這個案件的全部卷宗。_______________________________________________________________________________Keys:

1).

She

filed

all

her

letters

carefully.2).

He

read

all

the

files

on

the

case.5.

hang

vt.&

vi.

(hung;

hung)

懸掛，附著；懸掛著vt.

(hanged;

hanged)

吊死，絞死[典例]1).

His

pictures

were

hung

in

the

Museum

of

Modem

Arts.他的畫在現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)館展出。2).

The

man

was

hanged

for

murder.那男子因謀殺罪被處絞刑。[重點用法]hang

about

閑待著，終日無所事事；閑蕩

hang

on

緊握著；(電話用語)別掛斷hang

up

掛；掛斷電話；延遲；推遲或擱置[練習(xí)]用與hang的正確形式或相關(guān)的詞組填空。1).

She

__________

the

phone

angrily

before

I

could

speak.2).

He

_________

for

murder.3).

The

curtain

________

well.4).

_________

a

minute;

I’

m

just

coming.Keys:

1).

hung

up

2).

was

hanged

3).

hangs

4).

Hang

on四.重點詞組1.

call

up

征召；召集服兵役；喚起；使人回憶；帶入心中；打電話給某人[典例]1).

He

called

me

up

to

tell

me

the

good

news.他打電話給我并告訴我這個好消息。2).

I

was

called

up

three

months

after

war

broke

out..戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后的第三個月，我應(yīng)征入伍。[短語歸納]call短語：call

back

召回；回電話；收回處理call

on/at

拜訪(on后跟人；at后跟地點名詞)call

for

要求，提倡，為……叫喊call

forth

使產(chǎn)生；引起；使起作用call

in

召集，召來，來訪call

off

取消；取消或延期call

out

出動，喚起，大聲叫喚[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞。1).

This

is

the

work

that

calls

_______

patience.2).

Human

Rights

groups

are

calling

_______

the

release

of

political

prisoners.3).

He

had

to

_______

the

meeting

because

of

the

bad

weather.4).

I’

ll

call

_______

him

tomorrow

do

you

want

to

visit

him

with

me?5).

The

company

has

called

_______

all

such

models

as

built

in

1990.6).

The

government

then

called

_______

troops

to

deal

with

the

disturbances.7).

The

old

photo

calls

_______

memories

of

my

childhood.Keys:

1).

for

2).

for

3).

off

4).

on

5).

back

6).

in

7).

up2.

set

about

sth/doing

sth

(不用於被動語態(tài))

開始（某工作）；

著手做某事[典例]1).

I

must

set

about

my

packing.我得開始收拾行李了。2).

The

new

government

must

set

about

finding

solutions

to

the

country’

s

economic

problems.新政府必須立即找出解決國家經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的辦法。[短語歸納]set短語：set

sth

aside

將某事物放在一邊；（為某目的）節(jié)省或保留（錢或時間）set

sth

down

將某事物記在紙上；

寫下來set

out

從某地出發(fā)上路set

off

開始（旅行、賽跑等）set

sth

off

使（炸彈、地雷等）爆炸set

to

精力充沛地開始做某事set

sth

up

擺放或豎起某物；創(chuàng)（體育）記錄[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。1).

I

don’

t

know

how

to

set

_______

this

job.2).

She

set

_______

a

new

world

record

time

_______

the

100

metres.3).

They

set

_______

on

the

last

stage

_______

their

journey.4).

How

do

senior

managers

set

_______

making

these

decisions?Keys:

1).

about

2).

up;

in

3).

out;

of

4).

about3.

(every)

now

and

then/again

時而；偶爾；有時[典例]1).

I

like

to

go

to

the

opera

now

and

then.我喜歡偶爾去看歌劇。2).

Every

now

and

again

she

went

upstairs

to

see

if

he

was

still

asleep.她時而到樓上看看他是否還在睡著。[短語歸納]now短語：now

(that)...

由於……；既然right

now

此刻；現(xiàn)在by

now

到目前為止just

now

剛才from

now

on

從現(xiàn)在開始[練習(xí)]用與now相關(guān)的詞組填空。1).

Sonia

should

have

been

home

_______

_______.

Do

you

think

she’

s

OK?2).

I

hear

from

him

________

________

________

________.3).

Please

try

to

be

more

careful

________

________

________.4).

There’

s

nothing

I

can

do

about

this

________

________.Keys:

1).

by

now

2).

every

now

and

then

3).

from

now

on

4).

right

now4.

out

of

order次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障[典例]Our

air—conditioner

is

out

of

order.我們的冷氣機(jī)出故障了。[短語歸納]order短語：in

order

整齊，狀況良好，適宜，按順序in

order

that后接從句，in

order

to后接動詞原形[練習(xí)]翻譯下面的句子。1).

電梯出故障了。______________________________________________________________________________2).

情況一團(tuán)雜糟。______________________________________________________________________________3).

他現(xiàn)在發(fā)言是十分合適的。______________________________________________________________________________Keys:

1).

The

elevator

is

out

of

order.2).

Things

were

in

terrible

order.3).

It’

ll

be

quite

in

order

for

him

to

speak

now.5.

get

through

用完，消耗掉；（設(shè)法）做或完成某事；通過（與某人）聯(lián)系（尤指通電話）[典例]1).

I’

ve

got

through

a

lot

of

correspondence

today.今天我處理了一大批信件。2).

I

tried

ringing

you

several

times

yesterday

but

I

couldn’

t

get

through

(to

you).昨天我給你打了幾次電話,

可是都沒（和你）接通。[短語歸納]get短語：get

(sth)

across

(to

sb)（使某事）傳播或為人理解get

ahead

(of

sb)

領(lǐng)先（於某人）get

along

with

sb

與某人合得來；與某人和睦相處get

on/along

with

sth

取得進(jìn)展get

away

(from

sb/...)

逃離或擺脫開（某人或某地）get

off

離開某地或出發(fā)get

away

with

sth

偷攜某物潛逃；不因某事受懲罰get

by

(on

sth)（靠某物）勉強(qiáng)維生；設(shè)法維持；對付get

down

to

sth/doing

sth

開始做某事；重視某事物；認(rèn)真處理某事get

over

sth

overcome克服；戰(zhàn)勝；掌握[練習(xí)]翻譯下面的句子。1).

If

you

cheat

in

the

exam

you’

ll

never

_______

_______

_______

it.2).

He’

s

not

very

good

at

_______

his

ideas

_______.3).

It’

s

time

I

_______

_______

(認(rèn)真干)

some

serious

work.4).

He

was

disappointed

at

not

getting

the

job,

but

he’

ll

______

______

it.Keys:

1).

get

away

with

2).

getting;

across

3).

got

down

to

4).

get

over6.

ring

back

回復(fù)電話[典例]1).

I’

ll

ask

him

to

ring

you

back.我會叫他給你回電話。2).

He

rang

off

before

I

could

answer

it.我還沒來得及接他就掛斷了。[短語歸納]ring短語：ring...up

給...打電話ring

off

掛斷電話give

sb.

a

ring給某人打電話[練習(xí)]翻譯下面的句子。1).

他們一到我就給你打電話。______________________________________________________________________________2).

你一定要掛電話了。我要用這個電話。______________________________________________________________________________3).

他給他的醫(yī)生打了電話，取消了他們的約會。______________________________________________________________________________Keys:

1).

I’

ll

ring

you

up

as

soon

as

they

arrive.

/

I

will

give

you

a

ring

as

soon

as

they

arrive.

2).

You

must

ring

off

now.

I

want

to

use

this

phone.3).

He

gave

his

doctor

a

ring

and

canceled

his

appiontment.7.

in

case

因為可能發(fā)生某事；以防萬一；萬一[典例]It

may

rain

you’

d

better

take

an

umbrella

(just)

in

case

(it

does).可能下雨---你最好帶把傘，以防萬一（下起來）。[短語歸納]case短語：in

case

of

sth

若發(fā)生某事；假如in

any

case

無論如何；總之in

no

case

在任何情形下決不；無論如何都不in

that

case

既然那樣；假若是那樣的話[練習(xí)]翻譯下面的句子。1).

_______

_______

_______

_______

(遇火警時),

ring

the

alarm

bell.2).

You

don’

t

like

your

job?

_______

_______

_______

(既然那樣),

why

don’

t

you

leave?3).

Bring

some

money

with

you

_______

_______

(以防萬一)

you

want

to

buy

something.Keys:

1).

In

case

of

fire

2).

In

that

case

3).

in

case五.重點句子1.

The

first

thing

I

tried

to

do

was

to

see

if

there

were

products

that

might

help

me,

but

there

only

seemed

to

be

powders

designed

to

kill

snakes.我先看看有沒有能派得上用場的產(chǎn)品，好象只有一些用來殺死蛇的藥粉。[解釋](1)

在there

be結(jié)構(gòu)中，be的人稱與數(shù)應(yīng)遵循就近一致原則：There

was

a

bucket

of

water

and

two

chairs

in

the

comer

of

the

house.There

are

two

chairs

and

a

bucket

of

water

in

the

comer

of

the

house.(2)

there

be常見的形式有：there

seems

to

be...there

happens

to

be...there

used

to

be...(3)

seem的歸納總結(jié)：①

sth.／sb.

seem

(to

be)+adj.／名詞好像②

It

seems

that...

似乎，好像...③

It

seems

to

sb

that...

在某人看來好像...④

It

seems

as

if／as

though...

看起來好像(后可接虛擬語氣，這可接表真實的表語從句。)

It

seems

as

if

it

were

going

to

rain.

看起來好像要下雨了。(天氣好得很，不會下雨。)

It

seems

as

if

it

is

going

to

rain.

看起來好像要下雨了。(真的快要下雨了。)⑤

There

seems

(to

be)...

好像…[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1).

The

child

seems

_______

(be)

healthy,

but

the

doctor

is

concerned.2).

It

seems

to

me

_______

there’

s

something

funny

about

the

case.3).

There

doesn’

t

seem

_______

(be)

much

hope

that

he’

ll

come

/

of

him

coming.Keys:

1).

to

be

2).

that

3).

to

be2.

Between

the

outside

and

inside

walls

of

the

bowl

there

is

some

jelly,

which

freezes

hard

when

cooled.在碗的內(nèi)外壁中間有些果凍，當(dāng)冷凍時就會變得非常硬。[解釋]when

cooled的構(gòu)成：連詞+過去分詞，相當(dāng)于when

引導(dǎo)的狀語從句when

it

is

cooled

如果when／while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語相同，常?？捎脀hen／while

+

現(xiàn)在分詞短語或者過去分詞短語的結(jié)構(gòu)來代替。1).

When

offered

help,

you

should

say

“thank

you”

or

“it’

s

very

kind

of

you”.=

When

you

are

offered

help,

you

should

say

“thank

you”

or

“it’

s

very

kind

of

you”.2).

You

must

be

careful

when

crossing

the

street.=

You

must

be

careful

when

you

cross

the

street.3).

Seen

from

the

hill,

the

city

is

beautiful.=

If／When

the

city

is

seen

from

the

hill,

the

city

is

beautiful.4).

Seeing

from

the

hill,

you

call

see

that

the

whole

city

is

beautiful.=

If／When

you

see

from

the

hill,

you

can

see

that

the

whole

city

is

beautiful.[練習(xí)]用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1).

Once

_______

(publish),

this

novel

will

be

very

popular!2).

_______

(tell)

many

times,

he

still

couldn’

t

understand.3).

The

girls

are

talking

excitedly,

_______

(follow)

their

teacher.Keys:

1).

published

2).

Having

been

told

3).

following六．課文佳句背誦與仿寫1.【原句】Prepared

with

some

research

findings,

I

decided

on

three

possible

approaches.經(jīng)過一番研究準(zhǔn)備之后，我決定采用三種可能的方法[模仿要點]

句子結(jié)構(gòu)：V-ed

狀語，+

主句【模仿1】有電子詞典的幫助，學(xué)生可以學(xué)得更多更快。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：Assisted

with

electronic

dictionaries,

students

can

learn

much

more

and

faster.【模仿2】有知識的武裝，我們能有更多的機(jī)會與別人競爭。__________________________________