Unit 4 單元話題閱讀理解專項練習 【建構(gòu)遷移+拓展提升】 高一英語 必修第一冊 單元重難點突破培優(yōu)（人教版2019）

試卷第=page99頁，共=sectionpages99頁試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁Unit4單元話題閱讀理解專項練習(名校最新真題)（2022·陜西·延安市安塞區(qū)高級中學高一期末）TheChicagoFireof1871wastheworstdisasterofthe19thcentury.ThefireissaidtohavestartedoneeveninginMrs.O’Leary’sbarn(牲口棚)ontheWestSideofChicago.Severalhoursaftershemilkedhercow,itkickedoveranoillamp,andthecowstartedthefire.Wedonotknowifthestoryistrue,butwedoknowthatthefirebeganinabarnontheWestSide.Thefirespreadquicklybecauseofthewoodenbuildings,astrongwind,andadryseason.Thefirelasted27hoursandspreadtoallpartsofthecity.Othercitiessent25firecompaniestohelpputoutthefire.Federaltroops(聯(lián)邦軍隊)werealsousedtohelpfightthefireandkeeporder,too.Atlastrainputoutthefire.Therewasalotofdamage.90,000peoplewerehomeless,and18,000buildingsweredestroyed.Propertydamage(財產(chǎn)損失)wasalmost200milliondollars.Inaddition,about300peopledied.PeoplefromallovertheworldhelpedChicagobysendingfoodandclothing.Withinamonth,4,000cottages(小屋)withtworoomshadbeenbuilt.Inafewyears,Chicagowascompletelyrebuilt.1．Whichpartsofthecitywerehurtbythefire?A．TheWestSide. B．TheSouthSideandtheEastSide.C．TheNorthSide. D．Allsides.2．Howmanypeoplelosttheirlivesinthefire?A．90,000. B．18,000. C．a(chǎn)lmost200. D．a(chǎn)bout300.3．PeoplewhostayedinChicagoafterthefireshowed__________.A．courage B．fear C．weakness D．laziness4．Whathelpedtospreadandtoendthefire?A．Acow. B．Firemen. C．Theweather. D．Carelessness.（2022·甘肅·民勤縣第一中學高一階段練習）Everyyeartherearehundredsofearthquakesindifferentpartsoftheworld.InSeptember,1923,TokyoandYokohamawerebothdestroyedbyanearthquakeandthefiresthatfollowedit.Theyhadtobecompletelyrebuilt.OneofthemostseriousearthquakeswasinChina’sShaanxiProvincein1556.Itkilledalmostonemillionpeopleandcausedalotofdamage.Wemeasureanearthquake’sstrengthontheRichterScale.TheRichterScalewasintroducedin1935inSouthernCaliforniaintheUSA．Itmeasuresearthquakesonascaleofonetoten.Anyearthquakemeasuringfiveormoreisusuallyserious.TheEarths’crust(地殼)ismadeupoflayersofrockcalledplates.Astheseplatesmove,theysometimescrashagainsteachother,causingthecrusttoquake.IncitiessuchaTokyo,wheresmallquakeshappenquiteoften,manymodernbuildingsaredesignedtobeflexible(可變動的),sowhentheEarthmoves,theymovewithit.Earthquakescanalsobreakupgasandoilpipes.Thiscancausefirestobreakout,whichcandoasmuchdamagesastheearthquakeitself.Anothereffectofearthquakesistsunamis(海嘯).Thesearehugewavescreatedbyearthquakesbeneaththesea.Theycanbemanymetreshighandcausegreatdamagetocoastaltownsandcities.Japan,RussiaandtheUSAhavethehighestoccurrence(發(fā)生)ofearthquakesintheworld.5．Thepassageismainlyabout______.A．scientistswhostudyearthquakes. B．thewayofmeasuringearthquakes.C．a(chǎn)usualnaturaldisaster—earthquakes. D．whatpeopleshoulddointheearthquake.6．WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheearthquakeinShaanxiProvinceisNOTtrue?A．Ithappenedin1556. B．Itkilledalmostonemillionpeople.C．Incausedalotofdamage. D．Itwasfollowedbyfires.7．WhyaremodernbuildingsinTokyobuilttobeflexible?A．Topreventthecrustfromquaking. B．Tostoptheplatesfrommoving.C．Tomeasureearthquakes. D．TomovewiththeEarth.8．Accordingtothepassageweknowthattsunamis________.A．cancauseearthquakes. B．a(chǎn)recausedbyearthquakes.C．onlyhappenonland. D．a(chǎn)reawayofmeasuringearthquakes.（2021·湖南·華容縣教育科學研究室高一期末）HavinglivedinCaliforniauntil1970,myfamilyhasfeltanumberofearthquakes.Wehavebeenfortunate,however,tohavesufferednobodilyharmorproperty(財產(chǎn))damage.ThereisawebsitethatlistsallCaliforniaearthquakesrecordedfrom1769tothepresent.Thesiteliststhedatesandtimesaswellasthemagnitude(震級)andtheexactlocationofanyquakethatmeasuredmorethan6.0.Thereareonlyafewquakesthatstandoutinmymemoryand,luckily,noneisshowninthewebsite.So,mypersonalexperiencewithearthquakesmightbeconsideredinsignificant(微不足道).Therearethreeearthquakesthataredifficulttoforget.Thefirstonewasin1955andouroldestdaughterwaswalkingwithmeinourbackyardinRedwoodCityinCalifornia.AstheshakingbecamestrongerIheldhertomewithonearmasIheldontooneofourfruittreeswiththeother.

Allthreeofus(mydaughter,Iandthetree)shookfortwoorthreeminutesthattousfeltlikehours.Thesecondonewasin1963.OurentirefamilywasvisitingDisneylandinSouthernCalifornia.Theearthstartedtoshakejustaswewerebeginningtowalkfromourhoteltowardthefamouslandmark.MythirdexperiencewithanearthquakewasalonelyoneinCalifornia.ItwasinmysixtiesandIwasaloneinanoldchurch.Asthebuildingstartedtoshake,Iquicklyheadedforthedoortogooutside.IrememberIsaidalittleprayer-somethinglike,“Helpmegetoutofhereintime,DearHeavenlyFather”．Minuteslater,Iwassafeoutside.9．Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlytotellusabout________.A．a(chǎn)newfilmaboutanearthquake B．howtosurviveanearthquakeC．histhreeearthquakeexperiences D．howtosavechildreninanearthquake10．Theearthquakestheauthorhasexperienced________.A．a(chǎn)llcausedbodilyharm B．a(chǎn)reallrecordedinawebsiteC．a(chǎn)llmeasuredmorethan6.0 D．a(chǎn)llhappenedinCalifornia11．Whenthefirstearthquakehappened,theauthor________.A．wasstayingwithhisdaughter B．wasplantingfruittreesC．wasworking D．wasinahotel12．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thefamouslandmark”referto?A．Achurch. B．Disneyland.C．Abuildingdestroyedbyanearthquake. D．Theplacewheretheauthorwasborn.（2022·遼寧·高一期末）Air-crashinvestigators(空難調(diào)查員)LarryVanceandAnthonyBrickhousehavedetailsfromcertainjobsrootedintheirmemories.Theycouldtellexactdates,locations,andfightnumberseffortlesslyVance’s“bigone”isSwissAirFlight11in1998.Hewasputinthepositionofdealingwithallthefamiliesfromveryearlyon,manyofwhomheldthehopethattheirrelativescouldhavesurvived.All229passengersandcrewdied.Burningfabric;burningflesh.Thesmellcatchesinyourthroat,andstaysinyourmindlongafteryou’veleftthescene.Investigationscantakeanywherefromdaystoyears.Whatcanaffectpeopleinthesejobsistheongoingemotionaldamage,saidVivienLee,apsychologist.Butmentalhealthassistanceisoftenlackingwithintheindustry.Evidencesuggeststhatinvestigators,likefirstresponders,cansufferfromnegativeemotionaleffects,includingfrequentthoughtsandPTSD(創(chuàng)傷后應激障礙).“Oneemotionoflosingrelativesisanger,”Brickhousereflected.“Andthey’relookingtoyoutofigureoutwhathappenedtotheirlovedones.”Dependingonthesizeofthecrash,thatangercancomealongsidealotofinternationalmediaattention.Butmoreoften,Vancesaid,thequestionshefacesareperhapseventoughertoanswerthanwhatcausedthecrash.“Howdidmylovedonedie?Whatweretheyfeeling?Whatweretheyseeing?”Andtougherstill:“Weretheysuffering?”Listeningtotheblackboxrecordingstakesanemotionaldamage.Hesaiditwasmoreunbearablebyknowingthathe’slisteningtothefinalminutesofsomeone’slife.Somepeopleinhisindustrylistentoablackboxrecordingonceandchoosetoneverdoitagain,hesaid.Theknowledgethatthey’redoinganessentialjobcanmakethetougheraspectsoftheworkalittleeasier.“Theendresultofyourworkisthatyoutrytomaketheworldasaferplace,sothatthisdoesn’thappentosomebodyelse,”Vancesaid.13．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheair-crashinvestigators?A．Theyoftengetthroatproblems. B．Theymusthavegoodmemories.C．Theyexperiencedthesameaccident. D．Theyhavetodealwithmanydifficulties.14．Whatshouldbedonetohelptheair-crashinvestigators?A．Helpingthemavoidaircrashes. B．Sendingfirstrespondentswiththem.C．Offeringqualifiedpsychologists. D．Teachingthemhowtocommunicate.15．WhatisthemostdifficultpartinVance’sjob?A．Findingtheblackbox. B．Answeringthequestions.C．Smellingtheburningthings. D．Investigatingthecauseofthecrash.16．Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribetheair-crashinvestigators?A．Generous. B．Easy-going. C．Self-giving. D．Independent.（2022·青海西寧·高一期末）A6.2-magnitudeearthquakehittheNorthernCaliforniacoastonMonday,bringingsignificantshakingbutlikelyslightdamagetotheless-populatedarea.Theearthquakeoccurredjustafternoonandwascenteredoffthecoastabout337kilometersnorthwestofSanFrancisco,justoffatinytowncalledPetroliathat’shometofewerthan1,000people.Thenearestpopulationcenter,Eureka,isabout72kilometersnorth.Thatleftonlyabout25,000peopleintherangeofstrongorverystrongshaking,accordingtotheUSGeologicalSurvey(USGS),thoughresidentsasfarawayasSacramentoandtheSanFranciscoBayAreareportedfeelingtrembling.TheHumboldtCountySheriff’sofficeofemergencyservicesclosedafewroads.TheUSGssaidtheearthquakecausedlossesaboutlessthan$10millionandnodeathshadbeenreported.Thearealastsufferedanearthquakeofasimilarmagnitudein1993,whenonepersondied.“Theshakinglastedforabout20seconds.Glassbottlesfellofftheshelvesatthestore,breakingintopiecesonthefloor,butnoonewashurt,”PetroliaGeneralStoremanagerJaneDextersaid.“ItwasbiggerthananythingI’vefeltinmylife,”sheadded.California’sOfficeofEmergencyServices(OES)said2,500peopleweretoldabouttheearthquakebeforeshakingbeganthroughthestate’searlywarningsystemcalledMyShake.“Itisaveryusefultooltoannouncewarningtips.Itsavedusindeed.Yet,westillhavetoremainverycareful...aslargeaftershocks(余震)willoccuralongtheNorthCoastoverthenextfewdays,”O(jiān)ESDirectorMarkGhilarduccisaidinastatement.17．WhatcanwelearnabouttheearthquakeonMonday?A．ItoccurredontheNorthernCaliforniacoast.B．Itbroughtsignificantdamagetothearea.C．Itcausedstrongshakinginthewholenation.D．Itdestroyedasmalltowncompletely.18．WhatcanweinferfromJaneDexter’swords?A．Thestorehadtoberebuilt.B．Sheneverfeltsuchabigearthquake.C．Someworkersgotbadlyinjured.D．Noonewouldgoshoppingatthestore.19．WhatisMarkGhilarducci’sadviceforpeopleinCalifornia?A．Unloadingthewarningsystem.B．Keepingstayinginshelters.C．Workingfromhomeoverthenextfewdays.D．Watchingoutfortheaftershocks.20．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Aweatherforecast. B．Alabreport.C．Anewsreport. D．Atravelguide.（2022·四川廣安·高一期末）Fordecades,climatescientistshavenamedhurricanesandrankedthemaccordingtothedamage.“Namingandcategorizing(把……歸類)heatwavesisalsoamust,”statesanewlyformedinternationalunion,calledtheExtremeHeatResilienceAlliance.“Hurricanesgetattentionbecausetheycauseobviousphysicaldamage,”saysJenniferMarlon,aclimatescientistatYaleUniversity.Heatwaves,however,havelessevidenteffects,sincetheprimarydamageistohumanhealth.HeatwaveskillmorepeopleintheUnitedStatesthananyotherweather-relateddisaster.DatafromtheNationalWeatherServiceshowthatfrom1986to2019,therewere4,257deathsasaresultofheat.Bycomparison,therewerefewerdeathsbyfloods(2,907),tornadoes(2,203)orhurricanes(1,405)overthesameperiod.What’smore,climatechangeisincreasingthepossibilityofhightemperatureeventsworldwide,gettingtensofthousandsofpeopledyingeachyearbecauseofheat.Somepopulationsareparticularlyeasilyharmedbyhighheat,includingpeopleover65andthosewithpotentialmedicalconditions.Historicalracialdiscriminationalsoputsminoritycommunitiesathigherrisk.Duetohousingpolicies,theyaremorelikelytoliveinurbanareas,heatislandswhichlackgreenspacesthathelpcooldownneighborhoods.Partofthenamingandrankingprocesswillincludedefiningexactlywhataheatwaveis.Nosingledefinitioncurrentlyexists.Withoutauniversallyaccepteddefinitionofaheatwave,“Wedon’thaveacommonunderstandingofthedangerweface,”saysAaronBernstein,anexpertofthenewgroup.“Definedcategoriesforheatwavescouldhelplocalofficialsbetterpreparetodealwithpotentialhealthproblemsinthefaceofrisingtemperatures.Andnamingandcategorizingheatwavescouldincreasepublicawarenessofthehealthriskscausedbythesesilentkillers.”TheunionishavingconversationswiththeNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,theWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationandotherinstitutionstodevelopastandardnamingandrankingpractice.21．WhatdoweknowabouttheheatwaveinAmerica?A．Itcausesmostseriousphysicaldamage.B．Ithasgotmoreattentioninrecentyears.C．Itkillsmorepeoplethanothernaturaldisasters.D．Itisthebiggestkilleramongweather-relateddisasters.22．Whyareminoritypopulationseasilyharmedbyheatwaves?A．Theyliveinpoorly-builthouses. B．Theylackgoodmedicalresources.C．Theyhavelessaccesstogreenspaces. D．Theyarelimitedintheirmovements.23．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheexpertmentionedinParagraph4?A．Supportive. B．Negative.C．Conservative(保守的) D．Objective.24．Whatdoesthetextintendtotellusaboutheatwaves?A．Theyalsokillliveslikehurricanes. B．Theyshouldhavenameslikehurricanes.C．Climatechangeisaffectingthemgreatly. D．Measuresshouldbetakentopreventthem.（2022·四川遂寧·高一期末）Doyouknowhowtoprepareforandsurviveamajorearthquake?AccordingtoDepartmentofConservationscientists,itisimportanttohavetherightanswertothatquestion.HowtoBePreparedElectricity,water,gas(煤氣)andtelephonesmaynotbeworkingafteranearthquake.Thepoliceandfiredepartmentsarelikelytobetiedup.Youshouldbepreparedtofendforyourselfforatleastthreedays,preferablyforaweek.You’llneedfood,waterandsoon.It’salsoagoodideatodecideaheadoftimehowandwhereyourfamilywillreuniteifseparatedduringaquake.Youmightchooseanout-of-the-areafriendorrelativethatfamilymemberscancalltocheckonyou.Ifyou’reindoors,staythere.Getunderadeskortable.Thekitchenisaparticularlydangerousspot.Ifyou’reinanofficebuilding,stayawayfromwindowsandoutsidewallsanddonotusetheelevator.Ifyou’reoutside,getintotheopen.Stayclearofbuildings,powerlinesoranythingelsethatcouldfallonyou.Ifyou’redriving,movethecaroutoftrafficandstop.Avoidparkingunderoronbridgesoroverpasses.AfteranEarthquakeCheckforfire.Ifyousmellgas,shutoffthemaingasvalve(閥).Ifthere’ssignofdamagetoelectricalwiring,shutoffthepoweratthecontrolbox.Ifthephoneisworking,onlyuseitincaseofemergency(緊急情況).Avoiddrivingifpossibletokeepthestreetsclearforemergencyvehicles.Becarefulthatthingsmayfalloutofcupboardswhenthedoorisopened,andalsothatchimneyscanbeweakenedandfallwithjustatouch.Listentotheradioforimportantinformationandinstructions.Rememberthataftershocks,sometimeslargeenoughtocausedamageintheirownright,generallyfollowlargequakes.Ifyouleavehome,leaveamessagetellingyourfriendsandfamilyyourlocation.25．Theunderlinedphrase“fendfor”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans“_______”．A．lookfor B．takecareofC．beproudof D．thinkof26．Whatshouldyoudowhenanearthquakehappens?A．Youshouldstayawayfromthekitchen.B．Youshoulddriveonabridge.C．Youshouldturnoffthepower.D．Youshouldlistentotheradiofrequently.27．Accordingtothepassage,whydoesn’ttheauthoradvisedrivingafteranearthquake?A．Becauseitisdangeroustodriveastherewillbeaftershocks.B．Becauseyourcarwillbeeasilydamagedinthestreetsfullofblocks.C．Becauseyoushouldmakewayforemergencyvehicles.D．Becauseyoucan’tfindaplacetoparkyourcar.28．Whatwillprobablyhappenafterabigearthquake?A．Thelocalpeople’slifewillreturntonormalinaweek.B．Therewillbemoreearthquakesoccurring.C．Therewon’tbeanyearthquakesinashorttime.D．Thelocalpeoplewillstayathomewaitingforhelp.（2022·安徽宣城·高一期末）Riversareveryimportant.Humansrelyonthemforfoodandwater.Butriverscandestroythings,too.Theycanflood,orriseovertheirbanks,makingthewaterrunintothenearbyland.Floodscanalsokillhumansandwildlife.However,floodsarenotalwaysbad.Someecosystemsneedthemeveryonceinawhile.Floodingcannotonlydrownanimalsbutalsodestroyhabitats.Forexample,afloodinIndiain2012killedmanyone－h(huán)ornedrhinos.Floodwaterscanpickupdirtfromriverbanks,whichmakesthewaterdirty.Toomuchdirtwillclogriversandstreams,preventingtheriverfromflowing.Sometimesfloodwaterscancarrypollutiontotheseaandharmmarinelife.Inaddition,floodwaterscancarrydisease,includinghepatitisAandcholera.However,noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.Floodwaterscarrynutrientstothenearbyland.Overtime,thewaterdriesupandleavesbehindparticles(微粒)ofdirtandmud.Theparticlesarecalledsediment(沉淀物)whichcanbegoodduetoitsabilitytoimprovethedirtandhelpsplantsgrow.Floodsareimportanttosomeanimalsaswell.Forinstance,someanimalsseefloodsasasignthatitistimetomateormigrate.Floodsleavesedimentonriverbedswherebabyfishcangrowandcarrynutrientsforsmallanimalsinthewatertoeat.Moreover,indryseasons,watermightdryup,butfloodshelprefillthewetlands,keepingtheecosystemgoing.Floodsareapartofnature.Theycandestroylivingthingsandtheenvironment.Butsomeecosystemsneedfloodstosurvive.29．What’sthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword“clog”inparagraph2?A．become B．pollute C．block D．develop30．Howdofloodshelpecosystems?A．Nutrientscarriedbyfloodscanmakesoilricher.B．Floodsmakealltheanimalsmigratemoreeasily.C．Tinyfishgoingwithfloodsfeedsomeanimals.D．Floodscanimprovethedirtandhelpplantsgrow.31．What’sthemainideaofparagraph3?A．Thewayinwhichfloodsfeedanimals. B．Thebenefitsoffloodstoecosystems.C．Aneffectivemeansofimprovingsoil. D．Thereasonforpeople’sappreciatingfloods.32．What’sthebesttitleofthisarticle?A．TheManyEffectsofFlooding. B．TheSecretofFlooding.C．Floods－NotEverythingIsSoBad. D．Floods－aPartofNature.答案第=page1616頁，共=sectionpages77頁參考答案：1．D2．D3．A4．C【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了1871年的芝加哥大火是19世紀最嚴重的災難。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thefirelasted27hoursandspreadtoallpartsofthecity.”（大火持續(xù)了27個小時，蔓延到城市的所有地方。）可知，城市的各個地方都被大火燒毀了。故選D項。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Inaddition,about300peopledied.”（此外，大約300人死亡。）可知，大約300人在火災中喪生。故選D項。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“PeoplefromallovertheworldhelpedChicagobysendingfoodandclothing.Withinamonth,4,000cottageswithtworoomshadbeenbuilt.Inafewyears,Chicagowascompletelyrebuilt.”（來自世界各地的人們給芝加哥送去食物和衣服。不到一個月，就建成了4000間兩室的小屋。幾年后，芝加哥完全重建了。）故可推知，火災發(fā)生后留在芝加哥的人們表現(xiàn)出了勇氣。故選A項。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thefirespreadquicklybecauseofthewoodenbuildings,astrongwind,andadryseason.”（由于木制建筑、強風和干燥的季節(jié)，火勢迅速蔓延。）以及“Atlastrainputoutthefire.”（最后雨把火撲滅了。）可知，是天氣幫助火勢蔓延并結(jié)束了火勢。故選C項。5．C6．D7．D8．B【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了每年世界都會發(fā)生數(shù)百次的地震，有些造成了嚴重的破壞和損失。地震不僅會破壞天然氣和石油管道，帶來火災，而且還可能引發(fā)海嘯，造成巨大的破壞。而人們是通過里氏震級來衡量地震強度的。5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“Everyyeartherearehundredsofearthquakesindifferentpartsoftheworld.(每年在世界不同的地方都會發(fā)生數(shù)百次地震。)”以及第二段的“Wemeasureanearthquake’sstrengthontheRichterScale.(我們用里氏震級來測量地震的強度。)”以及第三段的“TheEarths’crust(地殼)ismadeupoflayersofrockcalledplates.Astheseplatesmove,theysometimescrashagainsteachother,causingthecrusttoquake.(地殼由稱為板塊的巖石層組成。當這些板塊移動時，它們有時會相互碰撞，導致地殼震動。)”以及第四段“Earthquakescanalsobreakupgasandoilpipes.Thiscancausefirestobreakout,whichcandoasmuchdamagesastheearthquakeitself.(地震也會破壞天然氣和石油管道。這可能導致火災的發(fā)生，其破壞力不亞于地震本身。)”以及第五段的“Anothereffectofearthquakesistsunamis(海嘯).(地震的另一個影響是海嘯。)”可知，文章介紹了世界每年常發(fā)生的地震以及其形成過程、帶來的破壞和影響等等，因此可知本文主要介紹地震這種常見的自然災害。故選C項。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“OneofthemostseriousearthquakeswasinChina’sShaanxiProvincein1556.Itkilledalmostonemillionpeopleandcausedalotofdamage.(最嚴重的地震之一發(fā)生在1556年的中國陜西省。它奪去了近一百萬人的生命，造成了巨大的損失。)”可知，1556年發(fā)生在中國陜西省的地震是最嚴重的地震之一，使近一百萬人喪命，帶來了巨大的損失，但是文中并沒有提到說帶來火災，因此D項“Itwasfollowedbyfires.(隨之而來的是火災。)”不符合原文語意。故選D項。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“IncitiessuchaTokyo,wheresmallquakeshappenquiteoften,manymodernbuildingsaredesignedtobeflexible(可變動的),sowhentheEarthmoves,theymovewithit.(在像東京這樣經(jīng)常發(fā)生小地震的城市，許多現(xiàn)代建筑被設計成可變動的，所以當?shù)厍蛞苿訒r，它們也會跟著移動。)”可知，因為東京經(jīng)常發(fā)生地震，所以其許多建筑物被建成很可變動的，這樣如果發(fā)生地震，它們可以隨著地球震動而移動，就可以減輕地震帶來的破壞，因此可知，其建筑物設計的目的就是隨地球而動。故選D項。8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Anothereffectofearthquakesistsunamis(海嘯).Thesearehugewavescreatedbyearthquakesbeneaththesea.(地震的另一個影響是海嘯。這些是海底地震產(chǎn)生的巨浪。)”可知，地震也會造成海嘯，尤其當海底爆發(fā)地震時，就會產(chǎn)生巨浪，而這些巨浪就是我們所了解的海嘯。故選B項。9．C10．D11．A12．B【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了自己在加州所經(jīng)歷的三次地震的情況。9．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Therearethreeearthquakesthataredifficulttoforget.Thefirstonewasin1955andouroldestdaughterwaswalkingwithmeinourbackyardinRedwoodCityinCalifornia.”（有三次地震讓人難以忘懷。第一次是在1955年，我們的大女兒和我一起在加州雷德伍德市我們家的后院散步。）；根據(jù)第四段第一句“Thesecondonewasin1963.”（第二次是在1963年。）；根據(jù)第五段第一句“MythirdexperiencewithanearthquakewasalonelyoneinCalifornia.”（我的第三次地震經(jīng)歷是獨自一人在加利福尼亞的一次地震。）可知，作者主要向讀者介紹了自己所經(jīng)歷的三次地震的情況。故選C項。10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句和第二句“Therearethreeearthquakesthataredifficulttoforget.Thefirstonewasin1955andouroldestdaughterwaswalkingwithmeinourbackyardinRedwoodCityinCalifornia.”（有三次地震讓人難以忘懷。第一次是在1955年，我們的大女兒和我一起在加州雷德伍德市我們家的后院散步。）；根據(jù)第四段第一句和第二句“Thesecondonewasin1963.OurentirefamilywasvisitingDisneylandinSouthernCalifornia.”（第二次是在1963年。我們?nèi)胰チ四霞又莸牡鲜磕針穲@。）；根據(jù)第五段第一句“MythirdexperiencewithanearthquakewasalonelyoneinCalifornia.”（我的第三次地震經(jīng)歷是獨自一人在加利福尼亞的一次地震。）可知，三次地震都發(fā)生在加利福尼亞。故選D項。11．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Thefirstonewasin1955andouroldestdaughterwaswalkingwithmeinourbackyardinRedwoodCityinCalifornia.”（第一次是在1955年，我們的大女兒和我一起在加州雷德伍德市我們家的后院散步。）由此可知，第一次地震發(fā)生時，作者和女兒待在一起。故選A項。12．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“OurentirefamilywasvisitingDisneylandinSouthernCalifornia.OurentirefamilywasvisitingDisneylandinSouthernCalifornia.Theearthstartedtoshakejustaswewerebeginningtowalkfromourhoteltowardthefamouslandmark.”（我們?nèi)叶既チ四霞又莸牡鲜磕針穲@。就在我們正要從旅館走向thefamouslandmark的時候，大地開始搖晃起來）可知，作者和家人去的是迪士尼樂園。因此“thefamouslandmark”是指Disneyland。故選B項。13．D14．C15．B16．C【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了空難調(diào)查人員的工作內(nèi)容和他們所面臨的困境?！驹斀狻?.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句“Hewasputinthepositionofdealingwithallthefamiliesfromveryearlyon,manyofwhomheldthehopethattheirrelativescouldhavesurvived.(他從一開始就被置于與所有家庭打交道的境地，這些家庭中的許多人都希望自己的親人能夠活下來)”及第六句“Thesmellcatchesinyourthroat,andstaysinyourmindlongafteryou'veleftthescene.(這種氣味會哽在你的喉嚨里，在你離開現(xiàn)場很久之后還會留在你的腦海里)”可知，空難調(diào)查員從一開始就被置于與所有家庭打交道的位置上，這些家庭中的許多人都抱著親人生還的希望；空難現(xiàn)場的氣味在你的喉嚨里卡住，即使你離開現(xiàn)場，也會在你的腦海里停留很長時間。由此推知，空難調(diào)查員的工作要承受生理和心理的壓力。故選D項。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“Butmentalhealthassistanceisoftenlackingwithintheindustry.(但該行業(yè)往往缺乏心理健康援助)”可知，空難調(diào)查員行業(yè)往往缺乏心理健康援助，他們要承受持續(xù)的情感傷害，即他們需要的是專業(yè)的心理醫(yī)生。故選C項。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段的句子“...thequestionshefacesareperhapseventoughertoanswerthanwhatcausedthecrash.(他面臨的問題可能比墜機原因更難回答)”和這些問題“Howdidmylovedonedie?Whatweretheyfelling?Whatweretheyseeing?(我的愛人是怎么死的?他們的感覺是什么?他們看到了什么?)”，“Weretheysuffering?(他們受苦了嗎?)”可知，更多的時候，Vance面臨的問題可能比引發(fā)危機的原因更難以回答。故選B項。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段第二句“Somepeopleinhisindustrylistentoablackboxrecordingonceandchoosetoneverdoitagain,hesaid.(他說，在他的行業(yè)里，有些人只聽過一次黑匣子錄音，就選擇再也不聽了)”及最后一段最后一句“Theendresultofyourworkisthatyoutrytomaketheworldasaferplace,sothatthisdoesn'thappentosomebodyelse.(你工作的最終結(jié)果是讓世界變得更安全，這樣這種事就不會發(fā)生在其他人身上)”可知，當空難調(diào)查員知道自己在聆聽某人生命的最后幾分鐘時，這項事業(yè)變得更加難以忍受，但是他們試圖讓世界變得更安全，這樣空難就不會發(fā)生在其他人身上，因此他們依然堅持這項困難的工作。由此推知，他們是無私的。故選C項。17．A18．B19．D20．C【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。主要報道了周一在北加州海岸發(fā)生了一場6.2級地震，造成了嚴重的震動，可能對這個人口較少的地區(qū)造成輕微損害。17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“A6.2-magnitudeearthquakehittheNorthernCaliforniacoastonMonday,bringingsignificantshakingbutlikelyslightdamagetotheless-populatedarea.(周一，一場6.2級地震襲擊了北加州海岸，造成了嚴重的震動，但可能對這個人口較少的地區(qū)造成輕微損害。)”可知，這場地震發(fā)生在北加州海岸。故選A。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段““Theshakinglastedforabout20seconds.Glassbottlesfellofftheshelvesatthestore,breakingintopiecesonthefloor,butnoonewashurt,”PetroliaGeneralStoremanagerJaneDextersaid.“ItwasbiggerthananythingI’vefeltinmylife,”sheadded.(地震持續(xù)了大約20秒。Petrolia百貨商店經(jīng)理JaneDexter說：“玻璃瓶從商店的貨架上掉下來，在地板上摔成了碎片，但沒有人受傷。”她補充說：“這是我一生中從未有過的感覺。”)”可在，JaneDexter從未經(jīng)歷過這么嚴重的地震。故選B。19．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段““Itisaveryusefultooltoannouncewarningtips.Itsavedusindeed.Yet,westillhavetoremainverycareful…aslargeaftershocks(余震)willoccuralongtheNorthCoastoverthenextfewdays,”O(jiān)ESDirectorMarkGhilarduccisaidinastatement.(“這是一個非常有用的系統(tǒng)來宣布警告提示。它確實拯救了我們。然而，我們?nèi)匀槐仨毞浅Ｐ⌒摹驗槲磥韼滋毂焙０堆鼐€將發(fā)生大余震?！監(jiān)ES主任MarkGhilarducci在一份聲明中說。)”可知，MarkGhilarducci建議人們小心余震。故選D。20．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“A6.2-magnitudeearthquakehittheNorthernCaliforniacoastonMonday,bringingsignificantshakingbutlikelyslightdamagetotheless-populatedarea.(周一，一場6.2級地震襲擊了北加州海岸，造成了嚴重的震動，但可能對這個人口較少的地區(qū)造成輕微損害。)”可知，文章在第一段就言簡意賅地說明了文章主要內(nèi)容；第二段詳細介紹了地震發(fā)生的地區(qū)，第四段還有人物采訪。這是很典型的新聞報道。故選C。21．D22．C23．A24．B【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了有關(guān)組織和科學家表示，高溫應該像颶風一樣進行命名，也介紹了高溫所帶來的危害和對高溫進行命名和分類會帶來的好處。21．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“HeatwaveskillmorepeopleintheUnitedStatesthananyotherweather-relateddisaster.(在美國，熱浪造成的死亡人數(shù)比其他任何與天氣有關(guān)的災難都要多)”可知，在美國，熱浪是與天氣有關(guān)的災害中最大的殺手。故選D。22．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Historicalracialdiscriminationalsoputsminoritycommunitiesathigherrisk.Duetohousingpolicies,theyaremorelikelytoliveinurbanareas,heatislandswhichlackgreenspacesthathelpcooldownneighborhoods.(歷史上的種族歧視也使少數(shù)族裔社區(qū)面臨更高的風險。由于住房政策的原因，他們更有可能生活在城市地區(qū)，這些熱島地區(qū)缺乏有助于冷卻社區(qū)的綠地。)”可知，少數(shù)民族容易受到高溫的傷害因為他們很少接觸綠色空間。故選C。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Partofthenamingandrankingprocesswillincludedefiningexactlywhataheatwaveis.Nosingledefinitioncurrentlyexists.Withoutauniversallyaccepteddefinitionofaheatwave,“Wedon’thaveacommonunderstandingofthedangerweface,”saysAaronBernstein,anexpertofthenewgroup.“Definedcategoriesforheatwavescouldhelplocalofficialsbetterpreparetodealwithpotentialhealthproblemsinthefaceofrisingtemperatures.Andnamingandcategorizingheatwavescouldincreasepublicawarenessofthehealthriskscausedbythesesilentkillers.””(命名和排名過程的一部分將包括準確定義什么是熱浪。目前還不存在單