《C++程序設(shè)計(jì)》實(shí)訓(xùn)報(bào)告

《C++程序設(shè)計(jì)》實(shí)訓(xùn)報(bào)告實(shí)訓(xùn)目的：（1）掌握類(lèi)與對(duì)象的定義與使用方法，理解面向?qū)ο蠓椒ㄖ型ㄟ^(guò)對(duì)象間傳遞消息的工作機(jī)制。（2）正確掌握類(lèi)的不同屬性成員的使用方法。（3）掌握構(gòu)造函數(shù)與析構(gòu)函數(shù)的概念，理解構(gòu)造函數(shù)與析構(gòu)函數(shù)的執(zhí)行過(guò)程。（4）掌握友元函數(shù)和友元類(lèi)的定義和使用。（5）基本掌握指針和引用作為函數(shù)參數(shù)的應(yīng)用。實(shí)訓(xùn)內(nèi)容：定義一個(gè)時(shí)間類(lèi)Time,有三個(gè)私有成員變量Hour、Minute、Second，定義構(gòu)造函數(shù)、析構(gòu)函數(shù)以及用于改變、獲取、輸出時(shí)間信息的公有函數(shù)，主函數(shù)中定義時(shí)間對(duì)象，并通過(guò)調(diào)用各種成員函數(shù)完成時(shí)間的設(shè)定、改變、獲取、輸出等功能。按要求完成類(lèi)的定義與實(shí)現(xiàn)。修改數(shù)據(jù)成員的訪問(wèn)方式，觀察編譯結(jié)果。在Time類(lèi)中定義一個(gè)成員函數(shù)，用于實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)間增加一秒的功能，主函數(shù)中通過(guò)對(duì)象調(diào)用該函數(shù)，并輸出增加一秒后的時(shí)間信息。定義一個(gè)普通函數(shù)。voidf（Timet）{t.PrintTime（）;}在Time類(lèi)中增加拷貝構(gòu)造函數(shù)的定義，主函數(shù)中調(diào)用該函數(shù)，運(yùn)用調(diào)試工具跟蹤，分析整個(gè)程序調(diào)用構(gòu)造函數(shù)（包括拷貝構(gòu)造函數(shù)）和析構(gòu)函數(shù)的次數(shù)；再將f函數(shù)的形式參數(shù)分別修改為引用參數(shù)和指針參數(shù)（此時(shí)函數(shù)代碼修改為{t->PrintTime（）;},主函數(shù)中調(diào)用，再分析此時(shí)調(diào)用構(gòu)造函數(shù)和析構(gòu)函數(shù)的次數(shù)。實(shí)訓(xùn)代碼：#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classTime{private:intHour,Minute,Second;public:Time(inth=0,intm=0,ints=0);Time(constTime&ob);~Time();voidChangeTime(inth,intm,ints);intGetHour();intGetMinuteO;intGetSecond();voidPrintTime();voidIncreaseOneSecondO;};Time::Time(inth,intm,ints){Hour=h;Minute=m;Second=s;}Time::Time(constTime&ob){Hour=ob?Hour;Minute=ob?Minute;Second=ob.Second;}Time::~Time(){}voidTime::ChangeTime(inth,intm,ints){Hour二h;Minute=m;Second=s;}intTime::GetHourO{returnHour;}intTime::GetMinute(){returnMinute;}intTime::GetSecond。{returnSecond;}voidTime::PrintTime(){cout?Hour<<": "<<Minute<<":"<<Second<<endl;}voidTime::IncreaseOneSecond(){Second++;}/*voidTime::f(Timet){t?PrintTime();cout<<"callf\n";}*/intmain(){Timea;Timeb(13);Timec(13,15);Timed(13,15,45);a.PrintTime();b?PrintTime();c.PrintTime();d?PrintTime();a.ChangeTime(12,15,45);b?ChangeTime(12,15,45);c.ChangeTime(12,15,45);d?ChangeTime(12,15,45);cout<<a.GetHour()〈<":"<<a.GetMinute()<<":"<<a.GetSecond()<<endl;cout<<b?GetHour()<<":"<<b?GetMinute()<<":"<<b.GetSecond()<<endl;cout<<c?GetHour()<<":"<<c?GetMinute()<<":

"<<c.GetSecond()<<endl;cout<<d.GetHour()<<":"<<d.GetMinute()<<":"<<d?GetSecond()<<endl;return0;}程序運(yùn)行結(jié)果■ 、E:工++&陀14070519\Dehugl軽一一exo0:0=013：a：a13：15：Q13：15：4512:15:4512：±5：4512:±5:4512:15:45?ressanykeytocontinue實(shí)訓(xùn)小結(jié):構(gòu)造函數(shù)與析構(gòu)函數(shù)的調(diào)用方式及執(zhí)行順序是：先是構(gòu)造函數(shù)然后是析構(gòu)函數(shù)。調(diào)用方式是自動(dòng)調(diào)用，執(zhí)行順序是先執(zhí)行構(gòu)造函數(shù)，待程序結(jié)束時(shí)再執(zhí)行析構(gòu)函數(shù)。實(shí)訓(xùn)二：個(gè)人銀行賬戶管理程序的類(lèi)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)訓(xùn)目的：掌握面向?qū)ο笾蓄?lèi)、繼承、多態(tài)性的開(kāi)發(fā)思想；掌握流的概念；獨(dú)立設(shè)計(jì)個(gè)人銀行賬戶管理程序。實(shí)訓(xùn)內(nèi)容：1、 個(gè)人銀行賬戶管理程序的類(lèi)關(guān)系圖2、 個(gè)人銀行賬戶管理程序的個(gè)人賬戶設(shè)置和應(yīng)用3、 個(gè)人銀行賬戶管理程序?qū)嵱?xùn)代碼：1、個(gè)人銀行賬戶管理程序的類(lèi)設(shè)計(jì)classaccount{private:std::stringid;doublebalance;staticdoubletotal;protected:account(constDate&date,conststd::string&id);voidrecord(constDate&date,doubleamount,conststd::string&desc);voiderror(conststd::string&msg)const;public:conststd::string&getId()const{returnid；}doublegetBalance()const{returnbalance;}staticdoublegettotal(){returntotal;}voidshow()const;};classSavingsAccount:publicaccount{private:accumulatoracc;doublerate;public:SavingsAccount(constDate&date,conststd::string&id,doublerate);doublegetrate()const{returnrate;}voiddeposit(constDate&date,doubleamount,conststd::string&desc);voidwithdraw(constDate&date,doubleamount,conststd::string&desc);voidsettle(constDate&date);};classcreditaccount:publicaccount{private:accumulatoracc;doublecredit;doublerate;doublefee;doublegetdebt()const{doublebalance=getBalance();return(balancevO?balance:0);}public:creditaccount(constDate&date,conststd::string&id,doublecredit,doublerate,doublefee);doublegetcredit()const{returncredit;}doublegetrate()const{returnrate;}doublegetfee()const{returnfee;}doublegetavailablecredit()const{if(getBalance()v0)returncredit+getBalance();Elsereturncredit;}voiddeposit(constDate&date,doubleamount,conststd::string&desc);voidwithdraw(constDate&date,doubleamount,conststd::string&desc);voidsettle(constDate&date);voidshow()const;};classaccumulator{private:Datelastdate;doublevalue;doublesum;public:accumulator(constDate&date,doublevalue):lastdate(date),value(value),sum(0){}doublegetsum(constDate&date)const{returnsum+value*date.distance(lastdate);}voidchange(constDate&date,doublevalue){sum=getsum(date);lastdate=date;this->value=value;}voidreset(constDate&date,doublevalue){lastdate=date;this->value=value;sum=O;}};classDate{private:intyear;intmonth;intday;inttotaldays;public:Date(intyear,intmonth,intday);intgetyear()const{returnyear;}doublegetmonth()const{returnmonth;}intgetday()const{returnday;}intgetmaxday()const;boolisleapyear()const{returnyear%4==0&&year%100!=0IIyear%400==0;}voidshow()const;intdistance(constDate&date)const{returntotaldays-date.totaldays;}};2、個(gè)人銀行賬戶管理程序的類(lèi)關(guān)系圖3、個(gè)人銀行賬戶管理程序的個(gè)人賬戶設(shè)置和應(yīng)用SavingsAccountwutingming(date,"O90102O6O101",0?015);creditaccountwutingmin(date,"O9O10206O1O1",2O0O,O.O0O5,50);wutingming.deposit(Date(2008,11,5),1000,"buybook");wutingmin.withdraw(Date(2008,11,5),2000,"buyMP3");wutingming.settle(Date(2008,12,5));wutingmin.settle(Date(2008,12,5));wutingming.show();cout<<endl;wutingmin.show();cout<<endl;4、個(gè)人銀行賬戶管理程序的重點(diǎn)代碼#include"account.h"#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;intmain(){Datedate(2008,11,1);SavingsAccountsa1(date,"03755217",0.015);SavingsAccountsa2(date,"02342342",0?015);SavingsAccountwutingming(date,"O90102O6O101",0.015);creditaccountca(date,"C5392394",10000,0.0005,50);creditaccountwutingmin(date,"090102060101",2000,0?0005,50);sa1.deposit(Date(2008,11,5),5000,"salary");sa2?deposit(Date(200&11,25),10000,"sellstock0323");wutingming.deposit(Date(2008,11,5),1000,"buybook");wutingmin.withdraw(Date(2008,11,5),2000,"buyMP3");ca.withdraw(Date(2008,11,15),2000,"buyacell");ca.settle(Date(2008,12,1));ca.deposit(Date(2008,12,1),2016,"repaythecredit");sa1.deposit(Date(2008,12,5),5500,"salary");sa1.settle(Date(20O9,1,1));sa2?settle(Date(20O9,1,1));wutingming.settle(Date(2008,12,5));wutingmin.settle(Date(2O08,12,5));ca?settle(Date(200&12,1));coutvvendl;sa1?show();coutvvendl;sa2?show();coutvvendl;wutingming.show();coutvvendl;wutingmin.show();coutvvendl;ca.show();coutvvendl;coutvv"total:"vvaccount::gettotal()vvendl;return0;}#include"account.h"#includeviostream>usingnamespacestd;intmain(){Datedate(2008,11,1);SavingsAccountsa1(date,"s3755217",0.015);SavingsAccountsa2(date,"02342342",0?015);SavingsAccountwutingming(date,"O90102O6O101",0.015);creditaccountca(date,"C5392394",10000,0.0005,50);account*accounts[]={&sa1,&sa2,&wutingming,&ca};constintn=sizeof(accounts)/sizeof(account*);coutvv"(d)deposit(w)withdraw(s)show(c)changday(n)nextmonth(e)exit"vvendl;charcmd;do{date.show();coutvv"\ttotal:"vvaccount::gettotal()vvendl;coutvv"command>";intindex,day,i;doubleamount;stringdesc;cin>>cmd;switch(cmd){case'd':cin?index?amount;getline(cin,desc);accounts[index]->deposit(date,amount,desc);break;case'w':cin>>index>>amount;getline(cin,desc);accounts[index]->withdraw(date,amount,desc);break;case's':for(i=0;ivn;i++){coutvv"["vvivv"]";accounts[i]->show();coutvvendl;}break;case'c':cin>>day;if(day<date.getday())cout<<"youcannotspecifyapreviousday";elseif(day>date?getmaxday())coutvv"invalidday";elsedate=Date(date.getyear(),date.getmonth(),day);break;case'n':if(date.getmonth()==12)date=Date(date.getyear()+1,1,1);elsedate=Date(date?getyear(),date?getmonth()+1,1);for(i=O;ivn;i++)accounts[i]->settle(date);break;}}while(cmd!='e');return0;}

程序運(yùn)行結(jié)果匚、r\PrDgiiULFiles\Bicrusuf-tVisualS±udio\l[yProjeGts\l\Debu.g\l.eate^008-11-1#03755217created2908-11-1#02342342created2008-11-1#090102666161createdtiUUM-11-lcreated23W8-11-1created2008-1丄一5410375521756065S0Ssalary2908-11-2541823423421S0601BOG0sellstock03232008-ilG#0901S26G616116061B0GbuybuDk2908-115#0901026G@161-2060-2OG0buyMP3H008-11-1EttCE392394-2060-20G0buyacell2009-12-1ttC5292294-1G-201GIntel'sst2008-12-1ttC53922942SIG&repaytheDi'edit：#037^^2171KBSsalary-11^17Rinterest2009-1-1#0234234215.161S015..2interestE908-12-5#0901026661610.641000.64interest2008-12-5tt09Q102@6Sl@l-30-2030interest0375521?Balance:10E17.e02342342Balance:10S15.2090102060101Balance:10S0.64MYMlMbMlMlBalance:-2030auailablecredit:-30Balance:Mauailablecredit：Itl兇total；丄9503.6Presscmykeytocoiitinue_實(shí)訓(xùn)小結(jié):通過(guò)本實(shí)訓(xùn)，應(yīng)用虛函數(shù)和抽象類(lèi)對(duì)程序進(jìn)行改進(jìn)：1） 將show函數(shù)聲明為虛函數(shù)，因此通過(guò)指向creditaccount類(lèi)實(shí)例的account類(lèi)型的指針來(lái)調(diào)用show函數(shù)時(shí)，被實(shí)際調(diào)用的將是creditaccount類(lèi)定義的show函數(shù)。這樣，如果創(chuàng)建一個(gè)account指針類(lèi)型的數(shù)組，使各個(gè)元素分別指向各個(gè)賬戶對(duì)象，就可以通過(guò)一個(gè)循環(huán)來(lái)調(diào)用它們的show函數(shù)。2） 在account類(lèi)中添加deposit，withdraw，settle這3個(gè)函數(shù)的聲明，且將它們都聲明為純虛函數(shù)，這使得通過(guò)基類(lèi)指針可以調(diào)用派生類(lèi)的相應(yīng)函數(shù),而且無(wú)須給出它們?cè)诨?lèi)中的實(shí)現(xiàn)。經(jīng)過(guò)這一改動(dòng)之后，account類(lèi)就變成了抽象類(lèi)。

實(shí)訓(xùn)三、圖書(shū)信息管理系統(tǒng)主界面實(shí)訓(xùn)目的：能夠較好的完成程序的主體設(shè)計(jì)，界面友好，功能齊全；程序思路清晰易懂，能夠充分利用所學(xué)工具實(shí)現(xiàn)各項(xiàng)操作。獨(dú)立力完成實(shí)訓(xùn)報(bào)告，內(nèi)容充實(shí)、觀點(diǎn)明確、新穎。實(shí)訓(xùn)內(nèi)容：圖書(shū)信息管理系統(tǒng)，使之能提供以下功能：1、 系統(tǒng)以菜單方式工作。2、 借書(shū)3、 還書(shū)4、 圖書(shū)維護(hù)5、 讀者維護(hù)6、 退出：包括返回主界面和退出系統(tǒng)等功能。實(shí)訓(xùn)代碼：#include<stdio?h>#inc]ude<math?h>#include<string?h>#include<stdlib?h>/*作者/*書(shū)名

/*出版單author[20];bookname[20];publisher[20];/*作者/*書(shū)名

/*出版單author[20];bookname[20];publisher[20];-,char名*//char*/char

/*出版/*登陸/*出版/*登陸/*價(jià)格/*分類(lèi)/*鏈表的指時(shí)間eharpbtime[i5];eharloginnum[10];號(hào)*/floatpriee;*/eharclassfy[10];號(hào)*/vo存數(shù)據(jù)藪s_list*Create_Books_Doc();Doc(struetbooks_list*head);(struetbooks_list*head,Doc(struetbooks_list*(struetbooks_list*head);jjange(struetbooks_list**ruetbooks_list*head);/*保匸r^struetbookslist*next;vo存數(shù)據(jù)藪s_list*Create_Books_Doc();Doc(struetbooks_list*head);(struetbooks_list*head,Doc(struetbooks_list*(struetbooks_list*head);jjange(struetbooks_list**ruetbooks_list*head);/*保/V新u/V插voi{t新建鏈表頭節(jié)點(diǎn)*/*Create_Books_Doc()'books_list*head;ize/f(struct亠{t新建鏈表頭節(jié)點(diǎn)*/*Create_Books_Doc()'books_list*head;ize/f(struct亠bo°ks_list));/*分ext二Null;/*頭節(jié)點(diǎn)指針域初始化，*strue為空護(hù)returnhead;sruet^bookslist定}/*保存s數(shù)據(jù)至文etbookslist*head){struetbooks_list*p;FILE*fp;p=head;

建并打開(kāi)ena；aatxtt文件X")；/*以寫(xiě)方式新fprintf(fp,| | |fnirjt者廬?fpri\n");號(hào)文件輸鹿號(hào)作息點(diǎn)開(kāi)始移動(dòng)，遍歷至尾結(jié)點(diǎn)，依p—>nex?!=null)VpLlJ.10塔fsfnirjt者廬?fpri\n");號(hào)文件輸鹿號(hào)作息點(diǎn)開(kāi)始移動(dòng)，遍歷至尾結(jié)點(diǎn)，依p—>nex?!=null)VpLlJ.10塔fs」l2.12s戕一6.6sfc|ose(fp)；n)，Lnata.txt文件\n");已將圖書(shū)數(shù)據(jù)/*;(Oi首地：sh重變p* whiTe(p->ne}p=p->next；}/*開(kāi)辟新空間,存入數(shù)據(jù),添加進(jìn)鏈表*/whiTe(fTag=='Y'||fTag=='y')id^InsertDoc(struct巒一f】aoo'汗競(jìng)義醜,方便用戶選擇針量books_list*head)s指向開(kāi)辟的新結(jié)點(diǎn)向尾結(jié)點(diǎn)*/、"s=(struetbooks_list*)malloc(sizeof(struetbookslist));人、口

書(shū)登陸號(hào)h""｝；.、 -請(qǐng)輸入圖臨悴^loginnum);請(qǐng)輸入圖書(shū)書(shū)名陀:di)請(qǐng)輸入圖fflush(stdin);("%\",s->bookname);f開(kāi);S->author);詼嘰("%\",s->bookname);f開(kāi);S->author);詼嘰blisher);請(qǐng)輸入圖請(qǐng)輸入圖scanf書(shū)轆：請(qǐng)輸入圖請(qǐng)輸入圖書(shū)scanf請(qǐng)輸入圖書(shū)丁間：?.丁間：usscan書(shū)分類(lèi)號(hào)scanf書(shū)usscan書(shū)分類(lèi)號(hào)scanf書(shū)請(qǐng)輸入圖:")\n請(qǐng)輸入圖丄nrintf加成功!t?\繼續(xù)添fd訕priftf(=\nN'i|flag==F)請(qǐng)輸入圖丄nrintf加成功!t?\繼續(xù)添fd訕priftf(=\nN'i|flag==F)if(flag=='Y'||flag=='y');…"_〃)；N)、：")；I"&flag);

Save(head);/*保存數(shù)據(jù)至文件*/}return;/*查詢操作*/{oidsearch_book(structbooks_list*head)struetbooks_list*p;c=ar$emp[20];intf\n");斷數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是否為空*/head->nex七=視⑴/*判圖書(shū)庫(kù)為空intf\n");查&請(qǐng)輸逬要查找的書(shū)名："）；點(diǎn)開(kāi)始移動(dòng)，遍歷至尾結(jié)點(diǎn)，[lseprintf查&請(qǐng)輸逬要查找的書(shū)名："）；點(diǎn)開(kāi)始移動(dòng)，遍歷至尾結(jié)點(diǎn)，iwJife(p->next!=NULL)if(strCmC(p->bookname,temp)==0)iwJ號(hào):位:

間:IP唧U時(shí)isher);feftf\t\n"；p->pracef;);一〉bookname);,p->author);printf("\n圖書(shū)已找到!\n");crintf("\%s\inf,(p-%牒一%s\intp'("出%s\t\npV號(hào):位:

間:IP唧U時(shí)isher);feftf\t\n"；p->pracef;);一〉bookname);,p->author);}printf("\n查詢完畢!\n");r}}e}turn;}return;/*瀏覽操作*/voidPrint_Book_Doc(struetbooks_list*head):h/ead->next==NULL)/*:h/ead->next==NULL)/*\n\n");記錄!判斷數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是否為1一嘔有圖書(shū)記\n\n");記錄!Ireturn;p-heaf；"PjT〃次printf(一PjT〃次點(diǎn)開(kāi)始移動(dòng)，遍歷至尾結(jié)點(diǎn)，依next［二null)1r,l

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PandUaH=_li/*此變量用于判斷是否找到temp[20];PandUaH=_li/*此變量用于判斷是否找到temp[20];l 要修改的書(shū)名：")；f("%s,temp); 、e(p->next!二NULL)請(qǐng)輸入char刖_("請(qǐng)輸入要修改的書(shū)名:");scanf(%s,twhi]e(p->nexif(strCmp(p->bookname,temp)==0)陸卡號(hào):n);us請(qǐng)輸入scanf("%S"，P->loginnum)