【公開課課件】高中英語語法：不定式

InfinitiveDoyoubelieveIcanflylikeabird?HowcanyoubelieveIcanflylikeabird?_______istobelieve.It’simpossibleforhumans_________________now.Toseetoflylikeabird結(jié)構(gòu)

:todo;(否定)nottodo二.時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)

不定式

主動(dòng)語態(tài)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)

一般式

進(jìn)行式

完成式完成進(jìn)行式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(一般式表示與謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)/幾乎同時(shí)/發(fā)生在它之后.)(進(jìn)行式表示在謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作也正在進(jìn)行)(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前,不定式的動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù))1.作主語2.作表語3.作賓語4.作定語5.作狀語6.作賓語補(bǔ)足語(1).不定式作主語時(shí),往往放在謂語之后,用it作形式主語.It’simportanttolearn.Toseeistobelieve.(2).不定式作表語Myjobistoteachstudents.主語是不定式時(shí)表語也必須是不定式。不定式作表語常表示預(yù)訂要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和表示未來的可能性。當(dāng)主語部分含有do時(shí)，表語可省略to。Helikesto______________.(3)不定式作賓語playbasketball常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：agree,afford,appear,ask,attempt；care,choose,claim；dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine；expect,fail,get,guarantee；hate,hesitate,hope,hurry；intend,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise；refuse,seem,tend,threaten；want,wish等+todo。Ihavesomethingtosay,butmybrotherhasalotofhomework______,soIamlookingforsomeone__________.(4).不定式作定語todototalkwith1.不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之后。2.當(dāng)謂語是一些特定的動(dòng)詞，如find,give,get,have,need,want等時(shí)，后面的名詞可用不定式修飾。3.當(dāng)名詞有特定的定語，如first,last,next,only等序數(shù)詞以及形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，用不定式修飾。4.作定語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。

Heislookingforaroomtolivein.5.不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。

Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolivein.6.something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。注意比較：1)Doyouhaveanythingtosend?

你有什么東西要寄嗎？2)Doyouhaveanythingtobesent?

你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？

（不定式tosend的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you）（不定式tobesent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）Theteachertoldmeto_________________.

Iexpectyouto___________________.

(5).不定式作賓補(bǔ)handinmypaperstogivemesomehelp引導(dǎo)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：Warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等+sbtodosth五看

watchsee

lookat

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二聽

listento

hear一感覺:

feel+sbdosth（省略to）Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).變成被動(dòng)，被省略的to要還原。不定式用在介詞but,except,besides后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.Note1Note2Igotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)不定式作狀語soasto,enough+n.+to,n./adj./adv.enough+todotoo….to.,a.不定式作目的狀語b.不定式作結(jié)果狀語Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.c.不定式作原因狀語Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.d.不定式作方式狀語Heraisedhishandasiftotakeoffhishat.Exercise1.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating2.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented4.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking5.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep6.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake7.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learned D.learning8.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit10.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying11.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tm