英語(yǔ)中考語(yǔ)法專題講解之代詞及練習(xí)

2023年英語(yǔ)中考語(yǔ)法專題講解

代詞及練習(xí)關(guān)鍵詞：1、主格、賓格2、形容詞性與名詞性物主代詞3、不定代詞4、不定代詞與形容詞的連用5、by+反身代詞主格賓格形物主名物代反身ImemyminemyselfyouyouyouryoursYourselfsheherherhersherselfhehimhishishimselfitititsitsitselfTheythemtheirtheirsthemselvesyouyouyouryoursyourselvesweusouroursourselves例題：Sheisnicetowe.例題：Shevisitheeveryday.例題：Hispenislongerthanme.規(guī)則：介詞后面用賓格us規(guī)則：動(dòng)詞后面用賓格him規(guī)則：名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞

mine=mybook

記?。簅thers=other+名詞mine1.—YouspeakEnglishwell.Whoteachesyou?—Nobody.Ilearnitby_____.A.myself B.my C.I 2.—Whichdoyouprefer,orangejuiceormilk?—_______,thanks.I’dlikeacupoftea.A.EitherB.NeitherC.Both3.Thispenbelongsto____.____isaredone.A.him,MineB.his,MyC.him,My4.Ifyouwanttokeepyourteethhealthy,you'dbetternoteat_____sweetalot.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothing人稱代詞例題：I,youandshealllikemusic.(改錯(cuò))Let’slookaftershe.(改錯(cuò))PleasegiveittoI.(改錯(cuò))解析：人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化人稱代詞的主格在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),賓格在句中作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如：Ilikeapples.TheycomefromFrance.人稱代詞例題：I,youandshealllikemusic.(改錯(cuò))Let’slookaftershe.(改錯(cuò))PleasegiveittoI.(改錯(cuò))當(dāng)幾個(gè)不同的人稱代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用and,or連接，順序?yàn)椋簡(jiǎn)螖?shù)：You,he/she,andI.復(fù)數(shù)：we,youandthey表示祖國(guó)，大地，月亮等，可用she物主代詞例題：

HeisIfriend.Heisafriendofmy.(改錯(cuò))Theirsclassroomisbeautiful.Ourisclean.(改錯(cuò))解析：物主代詞分為形容詞性和名詞性的物主代詞，形容詞性的物主代詞與形容詞類似，作定語(yǔ)，后接它所修飾的名詞。如：Ourteacher，hiswatch.名詞性的物主代詞與名詞類似，等于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞?？稍诰渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如:Ours=ourclassroom.物主代詞例題：

HeisIfriend.Heisafriendofmy.(改錯(cuò))Theirsclassroomisbeautiful.Ourisclean.(改錯(cuò))解析：還可以構(gòu)成“名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞的結(jié)構(gòu)”

Heisafriendofmine.Heisoneofmyfriends.Heisafriendofmyfather’s.反身代詞例題：IteachmeEnglish.(改錯(cuò))Weenjoyedmyselfonthebeachyesterday.解析：表示某人自己的代詞被稱為反身代詞。它可與動(dòng)詞、介詞連用，在句中作賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。反身代詞在使用時(shí)人稱和數(shù)與主語(yǔ)必須保持一致。

IteachmyselfEnglish.Weenjoyedourselvesonthebeachyesterday.

反身代詞的短語(yǔ)：1.foroneself為自己2.byoneself單獨(dú)地，獨(dú)自地，不要?jiǎng)e人幫忙3.enjoyoneself玩得高興4.teachoneself自學(xué)Eg：1.Sheboughtanewdress____________.（她為自己買了一條新裙子。）2.Icandoit________.(我能自己做。)3.They________________yesterday.

（他們昨天玩得很高興。）forherselfbymyselfenjoyedthemselves人稱代詞“it”和反身代詞的活用例題：It’sfiveo’clock.It’ssunnytoday.It’snecessarytobuythatdictionary.Ifinditdifficulttolearnskatingwell.Mr.Li,pleasespeakloudertomakeyourselfheard.解析：it可以指不知性別的小嬰兒，天氣，時(shí)間，溫度或距離，也可以在句子中做形式主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)是句中的不定式.Makeoneself+過(guò)去分詞表示“使自己被別人...”helpyourselfto…,makeyourselfathome

用括號(hào)內(nèi)的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Heisagoodfriendof______.(she)Sheisastallas_______(she)father.Wewant_______(they)tohelpus.Tominvited______(we)todinner.______(us)arestudents.6.Heenjoyed_______(he)verymuchyesterday.7.______(they)booksarenew,but______(we)areold.8.Everythinggoeswell.doesn’tit?No,somethingiswrongwith______(me)bike.9.Let______(our)help______(you)with______(yourself)English.10.Thesebooksareveryimportantto_______(I).不定代詞someany例題：Ihavesomebottles,butIdon’thavesomewater.(改錯(cuò)）

Wouldyoulikeanythingtoeat?Canyougivemeanyadvice?解析：some,表示“一些,幾個(gè)”any表示“一些，任何”，兩者既可以接名詞復(fù)數(shù)也可接不可數(shù)名詞。Some常用于肯定句，any常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，但在希望得到肯定回答的疑問(wèn)句中仍用some和由some構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞。例題：Ihaveanyfriendshere.(改錯(cuò))Istheresomemilkinthebottle？(改錯(cuò))Couldyoulendmesomemoney?Doyoufeelanybetter?Doyouhaveanythingimportanttosay?Wouldyoulikesomethingelse?解析：some,any表示一些，既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句中，any用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中但在表示請(qǐng)求、建議、征求對(duì)方意見的問(wèn)句中用some

由some，no,any和every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞被形容詞或else修飾時(shí)，放在這些不定代詞之后。manyV.S.much例題：Ihavemuchbooksandmanyfood.(改錯(cuò)）

Manypeopleisthere.Therearemuchtotalkaboutatthemeeting.解析：Many修飾可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，而much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。都表示很多

many和much有形容詞的特征，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)為more和most。

Manybooksareinteresting.不定代詞(a)few(a)little例題：Couldyougivemeafewwater?(改錯(cuò))Hehasalittlefriendsbutfewrealfriends。Thereislittlejuiceinthebottle,isn’tthere?解析：afew和alittle表示“少數(shù)，不多，還有一些”,few和little表示“很少，幾乎沒有”，含有否定含義。(a)few后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，（a）little后接不可數(shù)名詞。例題：TheEnglishnoveliseasyforyou.Thereare___newwordsinit.A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afew規(guī)則:alittle/little修飾不可數(shù)名詞

afew/few修飾可數(shù)名詞帶有a的表示肯定，不帶的表是否定不定代詞itonethatthose例題：Ilikeyourcat._____isbeautiful.Whichsweaterdoyoulikebetter,thered______ortheyellow______?TheairinGuilinismuchfresherthan_______ofZhuzhou.解析：為了避免重復(fù)，在代指前面說(shuō)過(guò)的事物時(shí)

it---代指前面說(shuō)過(guò)的同一件事物

one---代指前面說(shuō)過(guò)的同類事物中的一件，復(fù)數(shù)onesthat---前后作比較時(shí)，代指前面說(shuō)過(guò)的事物，復(fù)數(shù)，those例題：翻譯句子：1.NotallthestudentsarefromChina.2.NoteveryoneinmyclasslikesEnglish.解析：Not否定all,both,every,等詞時(shí)為部分否定正確的翻譯為：并不是所有的學(xué)生都來(lái)自中國(guó)。并不是我們班上的每一個(gè)人都喜歡英語(yǔ)。Therearemanytreesonallsidesofstreet.Therearemanytreesonanysideofthestreet.Therearemanytreesoneverysideofthestreet.botheithereach詞義指兩個(gè)指三個(gè)或以上每一個(gè)eachEvery任何一個(gè)eitherAny另一個(gè)TheotherAnother都bothAll在……之間betweenamongThereisashoponanothersideofthestreet.HeissittingamongTomandJim.theotherbetween詞義指兩個(gè)指三個(gè)每一個(gè)eachEvery任何一個(gè)eitherAny另一個(gè)TheotherAnother都bothAll在……之間betweenamong不定代詞例題：Everyofthestudentshasadictionary.(改錯(cuò)）

Eachstudenthaveanewschooluniform.Weshouldhelpeveryother.解析：each表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上中的每一個(gè)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體,可以用“each+of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，但every不行。Every表示三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中的每一個(gè)，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體。兩個(gè)的謂語(yǔ)皆用單數(shù)。表相互關(guān)系的相互代詞是固定搭配，只能說(shuō)“eachother”或“oneanother”,表示“互相”例題：Bothofusisright.(改錯(cuò)）

Theyknowalltheanswer.(改錯(cuò)）

WeallarefromChina..(改錯(cuò)）

Notalltheanswersareright.Noneofthestudentslikeit.解析：both表示”兩者都...”all表示”三者或三者以上都...”none表示“三者或三者以上都不...”all謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，做同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前，be動(dòng)詞之后，both用法相同

Notall...或者all...not表示的是部分否定，而none表示的是全部否定。例題：Eitherofthemareright.(改錯(cuò))NeitheryounorJanespeakJapanese.(改錯(cuò))解析：either表示“兩者當(dāng)中任何一個(gè)”，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。可以和or連用，“either...or...”表示”或者...或者...”，“不是...就是...”Neither表示“兩者當(dāng)著任何一個(gè)都不”，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。可以和nor連用，“neither...nor...”表示”既不...也不...”謂語(yǔ)形式和or和nor后面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。either,neither的用法小結(jié)解析：either表示任意一個(gè)都可以

neither表示兩者都不行-CanIcomethiseveningortomorrowevening?-________isOK.I’mfreetodayadtomorrow.-CanIcomethiseveningortomorrowevening?-_______.WhataboutnextSundayevening?EitherNeitherWouldyoulikesomecoffeeortea?____.Idon’tmind.Wouldyoulikesomecoffeeortea?____.GivemeacupofwaterEitherNeither例題：Neitherofthemhavehadlunch.例題：--Lucyisn’t8.--SoisLily.例題：NeitherhenorIarewrong規(guī)則：兩者都不，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式規(guī)則：“某某也不是”用Neither+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)“某某也如此”用so+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)規(guī)則：neither…nor…表示既不，也不，就近原則

either…or…和notonly…butalso也是一樣的hasNeitherisLilyamother

其他的，別的others=other+名詞one…theother…（兩個(gè)中的）一個(gè)另一個(gè)theothers=theother+名詞（兩部分中）剩下的，其余的another（三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的）另一個(gè)，后接名詞單數(shù)

Eg:1.Thisshirtistoosmall.Pleasegiveme________one!2.Ihavetwopens.______isredand__________isblack.anotherOnetheother3.Look,somestudentsareplayingbasketballand_______studentsareplayingsoccer.4.Somepeoplelikeapplesand______preferoranges.5.AllgirlsinourclasslikeEnglish,______studentslikemath.6.Hehaseatentwoeggs.Thenhehad______one.otherotherstheotheranotherotherstudents=othersothers=otherpeopletheotherstudents=theothers例題：Ihavesomethingimportant_______(do)例題：Doyouhave______________(美味的的東西）規(guī)則：something,anything后一定要用動(dòng)詞不定式規(guī)則:形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞anything,something,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody時(shí)，一定要放于后面Ihavealotofhomework____.A.doB.todoC.doingD.didDidyouhave______toread?A.anythingnewB.newanything

todoanythingdelicious例題：Ithought____easyforthekidstofinish.A.itB.thatC.this規(guī)則:充當(dāng)形式賓語(yǔ)的只能用it

常用的句型有

Ithinkit+adj+todoImakeit+adj+todoIfindit+adj+todo請(qǐng)注意形式主語(yǔ)的用法

itiseasy/hard/important/difficult/todosth例題：something某事，一些事

anything一些事/任一件事

nothing沒什么事Somebody某人Anybody任何一個(gè)人Nobody沒有一個(gè)人1.Thethreemen—Bob,Joeand________cametoschoollateyesterday.A.meB.IC.him2.Thesentence_________iswrong.A.itB.itsC.itself3.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan_______ofJapanA.itB.thatC.one4.Ifyouhavenomoney,I’lllendyou_________.A.afewB.anyC.some

5.LiLeiisclevererthan__________inhisclass.A.AnybodyB.ElseanyoneC.Anyoneelse6._________likemusic.A.BothofthemB.BothoftheyC.Thebothgirls7.Hehas__________totellyou.A.ImportantsomethingB.SomethingimportantC.Usefulnothing8._________oftheteachersaregoodinourschool.A.everyB.eachC.All9.NeitherhenorI_______young.A.amB.beC.is10.Whydon’tyouget__________toreadwhileyouareonholiday?A.anythingB.somethingC.nothing11.Oneshoulddo_____be