Unit 9 名詞的數和主謂一致

Unit9名詞的數和主謂一致

一.名詞的分類

專有名詞

PropernounsBritainEiffelTowertheUnitedNations普通名詞Commonnouns個體名詞

Individualnouns

集體名詞Collectivenouns物質名詞Materialnouns抽象名詞Abstractnouns可數名詞Countablenouns不可數名詞Uncountablenouns注意：專有名詞的第一個字母要大寫集體名詞CollectivenounsA.

復數集體名詞:clothes,police,people,cattle,staffB.

不可數集體名詞:poetry,machinery,clothing,furniture,equipment,luggage,merchandise,foliageC.army,audience,committee,class,crewfamily,team,government,public,group集體名詞有時作單數看待，有時作復數看。一般來說，視為整體時作單數看，突出它的成員時作復數看。Hisfamily_____notlarge.(be)Hisfamily______allmusiclovers.(be)isare物質名詞coffeeglasspaperwoodiron個體名詞twocoffeesaglassapaperawoodaniron抽象名詞relationpowerbeautyyouthworry個體名詞arelationapowerabeautyayouthaworry二、名詞的數1、可數名詞復數的規(guī)則變化(1)一般情況加s:photo---photospiano---pianos(2)詞末為兩個元音字母加s:

radio---radioszoo---zoosstudio---studioskangaroo---kangaroosbamboo---bamboos(

3)以o結尾的名詞變?yōu)閺蛿禃r，常在詞尾加-s，但是下列名詞要加-es，它們是：黑人英雄愛吃土豆西紅柿

即：negroes，heroes，potatoes，tomatoes(

4)均可，zero---zeros/zeroes(5)以f或fe結尾的名詞變?yōu)閺蛿禃r，一般直接加-s，但下列-f或-fe結尾的名詞需把-f或-fe去掉，變?yōu)?ves，它們是：為了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿著刀子和一片樹葉站在架子上把狼劈成兩半，即：selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，loaves，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。其它直接加S。--Howmany

doesacowhave?--Four.A．stomaches B．stomach C．stomachs D．StomachiesC2、可數名詞復數的不規(guī)則變化構成方法舉例改變名詞中的元音字母及其他形式man-menwoman-womenmouse-micefoot-feettooth-teethgoose-geese外來詞沿用原來的復數形式basis-bases基礎analysis-analyses分析crisis-crises危機medium-media媒介物phenomenon-phenomena現象單復數相同sheepdeerseries系列means方法fishspecies物種，種類aircraft飛機詞尾加-ren/en變復數child-childrenox-oxen公牛表示某國人1、加-s2、單復同形3、以-man或-woman結尾的改為men或women1、AustraliansGermansGreeksAmericans2、ChineseJapaneseSwiss瑞士人Portuguese葡萄牙人3、EnglishmenFrenchwomenDutchman3.合成名詞的復數合成名詞構成復數時，通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?，如果沒有主體名詞，則將最后一個部分變?yōu)閺蛿怠?/p>

sons-in-law女婿passers-by過路人story-tellers講故事的人lookers-on旁觀者另外特殊的將兩部分變成復數。womensingersmenservants4.只用復數的名詞jeansshoestrouserspajamasglassestimes

greens

lookscontents

arms

fireworksforcescustomsruinsdamagescongratulations三、名詞的所有格‘sof一幅中國地圖amapofChinaBill的堂兄Bill’scousin我父親的一位朋友afriendofmyfather’s

ExercisesⅠ.MultipleChoices1.Therearethirty________doctorsinourhospital.A.womanB.womenC.woman’sD.women’s2.Howmany_________arethereinyouruniversity?A.radiosB.radioesC.radioD.radio’s3.It’s________walkfrommyhometoschool.A.ten-minutesB.tenminute’sC.tenminutes’D.tenminutes’s

4.LastSundayIsawfour_________carryingmanybagsontheirshoulders.A.passer-byB.passer-bysC.passers-byD.passers-bysBACCⅡ.

ErrorCorrection1.Hisuncle’sandaunt’shouseisinBeijing.2.Therestooda50-feettreeinthegarden.3.Thefarmerhasruinedthesoilsbyplantingthesamecropeveryyear.4.Inspiteofhisagedappearance,hismovementswereasspiritedasayoungman.5.IntheUnitedStates,inchesandfeetsarestillusedasunitsofmeasurement.6.Couldyoupleasetellmetheroom’snumberofLiMing.uncle50-footsoilayoungman’sfeetroom四、主謂一致Ⅰ.謂語動詞用單數的情況

Ⅱ.謂語動詞用復數的情況Ⅲ.

語法一致原則的情況Ⅳ.就近原則的情況Ⅴ.從句中主謂一致的情況Ⅵ.

就遠原則Ⅰ.謂語動詞用單數的情況

1.形復意單名詞如：news;國名如：theUnitedStates;報紙名如：theNewYorkTimes;書名如：ArabianNights《天方夜譚》；以及theUnitedNations等作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數。GreatExpectations

waswrittenbyCharlesDickensin1860.TheNewYorkTimes

isapopularreadingmaterialforstudents.2.以ics

結尾的學科名稱，physics,mathematics,mechanics,politics,economics,linguistics,statistics這些詞作學科意義講時通常做單數用。但如果這類名詞表示學科以外的其它含義，可作復數用。

Physicsisanimportantsubjectinmiddleschools.

Mathematicsisthestudyofnumbers.3.名詞詞組中心詞是表示度量,時間,價格,金錢,容量等復數名詞時,往往把這些復數名詞看作是一個單一概念,看作整體,謂語動詞用單數形式.

Fivehundredmilesisalongdistance.Twoyearsisenoughto

learnaforeignlanguage.4.不可數名詞的集體名詞，謂語動詞要用單數.foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,luggage,poetry

Themachineryhasarrivedundamaged.

AllthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinChina.5.不定式、動名詞、以及名詞性從句作主語時應看作單數，謂語動詞用單數。

Readingoftenmeanslearning.

ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorningdoesyoualotofgood.

Whathesaidhasbeenrecorded.但是兩個由and連接的名詞性從句做主語時，如果表示兩件事情，其謂語動詞用復數。

Whatcausedtheaccidentandwhowasresponsibleforitremainamysterytous.6.由and連接的并列單數主語的前面,如果分別由each,every,no,manya,morethanone/a

修飾時，其謂語動詞用單數形式。Everymanand(every)woman____askedtohelp.(be)Nobirdand(no)beast____seenonthebareisland.(be)Manyaboyand(manya)girl____seenthefilm.(have)Morethanonestudent_____beentothepark.(have)isishashas7.oneof,eitherof,neitherof+復數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。Oneofmyfriendsneedsmyhelp.Neitheroftheanswersissatisfactory.

Oneandahalf,oneoutof,onein+復數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。

Oneandahalfapplesisleftontheplate.

Oneintenstudentshasfailedintheexams.

Ayearandahalf_____passed.(have)has8.agreat/gooddealof,alargeamountof,amountsof,abitof+不可數名詞，謂語動詞用單數。

Alargeamountofwaterwasspiltonthefloor.9.主語是由aseriesof,aspeciesof,asequenceof,apieceof,apileof,apairof,atypeof,akindof,asortof,aportionof+名詞構成，動詞通常用單數。AseriesoflecturesonpsychologyissaidtobegivenbyMr.Li.Alargeportionofherpoemswaspublishedafterherdeath.Ⅱ.謂語動詞用復數的情況1.(1)people,police,cattle,poultry,staff,clothes

Domesticcattleprovideuswithmilk,beefandhides(皮).

TheChinesepeoplearebraveandhard-working.

(2)family,team,group,crowd,crew,army,class,audience,government,committee,public

將該名詞所表示的集體作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數形式;將側重點放在集體的成員上，謂語動詞用復數形式。Myfamilyisalargeandhappyone.Thefamilyarelisteningtotheradio.Thecommitteehavedifferentideas.Thecommitteehaspassedaresolution.2.某些以-s結尾的名詞：（1）compasses,scissors,glasses,shorts,trousers,pants,jeans,shoes,spectacles,scales這一類名詞單獨使用，謂語動詞通常用復數；如果帶有單位詞，則由單位詞的單復數形式決定動詞的單復數形式。Joe’snewtrousersareblackandwhite.Onepairofscissorsisnotenoughbutthreepairsofscissorsareenough.（2）其他以-s結尾的名詞,如arms,clothes,goods,contents內容,fireworks,minutes記錄,remains殘余；遺骸,stairs樓梯,thanks謝意,wages,belongings,surroundings,earnings,savings作主語，謂語動詞通常用復數.

(3)單復數同形的名詞：aircraft,deer,sheep,means,species,series等,隨后的動詞單復數形式取決于這些名詞是用作單數還是用作復數。Theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtoarms.(訴諸武力)Allmeanshavebeentriedouttoincreaseagriculturalproduction.Anewspeciesofmammalhasbeenfound.3.the+adj/v-ed

表示一類人時，用復數謂語動詞；表示個別人或抽象概念時，謂語動詞用單數。Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.thepoor/dumb/innocent/guilty/unemployed/aged/oppressed/exploitedWecandothedifficultfirst.Theimpossibletakesalittlelonger.Thebestisyettocome.

4.agreat/large/good/considerablenumberof,agreat/goodmany+可數名詞復數，謂語動詞用復數。5.anumberof+復數名詞，謂語動詞用復數。thenumberof+復數名詞，謂語動詞用單數。Ⅲ.語法一致原則的情況1.并列結構both…and,…and…作主語時謂語用復數;

Readingandwritingareveryimportant.當主語由and連結時,如果它表示一個單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時,謂語動詞用單數,and此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。lawandorderbreadandbutterfolkandknifeneedleandthreadloveandhateeggandriceHamandeggs____agoodbreakfast.Ablackandwhitedog___playingintheyard.Ablackandawhitedog____playingintheyard.Thewriterandteacher____reading.Thewriterandtheteacher_____reading.

isisareisare2.allof,someof,anyof,noneof,halfof,mostof,majorityof,percentof,lotsof,alotof,plentyof,aquantityof,quantitiesof,loadsof,heapsof,therestof等加名詞構成的主語，謂語動詞的數取決于該名詞的單復數。Allofus_____goingtoseethegame.Allofhistime________spentongambling.Mostofthemembers__________there.Someofthemoney______beenstolen.Halfofthebuilding______damagedinthe

explosion.Halfofthestudents______girls.areis/wasare/werehaswasare3.主語是由分數(或百分數)+of+名詞構成，如果名詞是復數，則謂語動詞用復數，反之如果是單數或不可數名詞或代詞，則動詞用單數，即由后面的名詞決定。Thirty-fivepercentofthedoctorsarewomen.Ninetypercentoftheworkhasbeendone.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.Ⅳ就近原則的情況1.由or,nor,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…but(also)連接的并列結構作主語，隨后的動詞形式用就近原則處理。

Mysisterormybrotherislikelytobeathome.

Notonlyyoubutalsoheiswrong.2.therebe

句型中，如名詞由and連接，謂語動詞由靠近動詞的名詞決定單復數形式。Therearesaidtobealotofscenicspots.Thereisacarandtwotrucksinfrontofmyhouse.Ⅴ.從句中主謂一致的情況1.強調句中Itis/was….that….,

如果被強調的部分是原句的主語，則that后的謂語動詞在人稱與數上應與原句一致。

ItisIthatamwrong.

Itisyou