高中英語北師大版Unit16Stories unit16sectionⅱ

SectionⅡWarm-up&StoriesfromHistory—Languagepointsabandonvt.拋棄，遺棄；逃離；放棄，中止(教材P132)Itlookedabandoned.它看起來被遺棄了。abandonedadj. 廢棄的，被遺棄的；放任的abandononeselfto(doing)sth. 縱情/沉溺于(做)某事abandondoingsth. 放棄做某事withabandon 放任地，放縱地；縱情地①Rescuershadabandonedallthehopeoffindinganymoresurvivors.救援人員已放棄了能找到更多幸存者的所有希望。②I'mconsideringabandoningsmoking(smoke)soon.我在考慮很快戒煙。【導學號：96750000】③Atthesadnews，heabandonedhimself(he)todespair.聽到這悲慘的消息，他陷入了絕望之中。comeintoview出現(xiàn)(教材P132)Suddenly，thespaceshipsloweddownandimmediatelythesystemcameintoview...突然，太空船放慢速度，星系馬上出現(xiàn)在眼前……(1)inone'sview 在某人看來onview 在展覽；在陳列著inviewof 鑒于；考慮到；由于(2)comeintofashion 開始流行comeintobeing/existence 開始存在；產(chǎn)生comeintopower 當權comeintoeffect/force 開始生效comeintouse 開始啟用①Inviewofthenewsituation，wesuggestdialogueshouldbetheonlywaytosolvetheNorthKoreanuclearissue.鑒于新形勢，我們建議對話是解決朝鮮核問題的唯一途徑。②Longskirtshavecomeintofashionagain.長裙又流行起來了。③Whendidthetermofnew-newpeoplecomeintobeing(be)?“新新人類”一詞是什么時候出現(xiàn)的？④TsaiIng-wencameintopower，becomingthefirstwomantowintheposition.蔡英文執(zhí)政，成為第一個獲此位置的女性。knock撞倒某人；撞翻(教材P132)Irememberthedogjumpinguponmeandknockingmeoverintothewater.我記得那條狗跳起來撲向我，把我撞倒在水中。knockat/on 敲knockdown 撞倒在地；拆毀，摧毀knockintosb. 撞到某人身上knockout 把……擊昏；擊敗①Heknockedhisopponentdownthreetimesinthefirstround.在第一個回合中他把對方擊倒三次。②Tom'scarknockedintoawirepolelastweek.上周湯姆的車撞到了電線桿上。[圖形助記]knockat/on敲knockinto撞上knockover撞倒witnessvt.目擊(睹)；證明n.目擊者，見證人(教材P6)．..aRomanwritercalledPlinywroteaboutaterriblevolcaniceruptionthathehadwitnessedasayoungman.……一位名叫普利尼的羅馬作家描寫了他年輕時目睹的一次可怕的火山爆發(fā)的情景。(1)witnesssth. 目擊(睹)某事witnessto(doing)sth. 為(做)某事作證；為(做)某事出庭作證(2)be(a)witnesstosth. 某事的目擊者givewitnessonbehalfofsb. 為某人作證①ThesuccessfullaunchofShenzhouXisapowerfulwitnesstoourcountry'sincreasingprosperity.“神舟”十號的成功發(fā)射是我們偉大祖國日益強盛的有力見證。②Areyoupreparedtowitnesstothehonestyofyourinformant?你準備為你消息提供者的誠實作證嗎？③Ataxidriverwitnessedtohavingseen(see)theaccusedpersonenterthebuilding.一位出租車司機作證說曾看到被告進了那座大樓。occurvi.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；被想到(起)(教材P6)TheeruptionhadoccurredonAugust24th，79AD.公元79年8月24日，(位于意大利的維蘇威)火山噴發(fā)了。tosb. 某人突然想到某事itoccurs/occurredtodosth. 某人突然想到要做某事itoccurs/occurredto... ……的念頭/想法出現(xiàn)在某人的頭腦里①(2023·廣東高考·語法填空)Nowitoccurredtohimthathisfarmhadmuchpotential.現(xiàn)在他突然想起他的農(nóng)場很有潛力。②Didn'titoccurtoyoutophone(phone)themaboutit?關于這件事你難道就沒想到給他們打個電話？[明辨異同]occur，happen，takeplace，breakoutoccur指事情按計劃發(fā)生或偶然的、未能預見的發(fā)生，強調(diào)突然性。happen使用最廣，有“偶然發(fā)生”之意，常與occur換用，還有“碰巧”的意思；可與不定式連用，意為“碰巧發(fā)生”。takeplace多指事情的發(fā)生不是偶然出現(xiàn)的，而是按意圖、計劃進行的?？梢隇椤芭e行，進行”的意思。breakout多指戰(zhàn)爭、火災等不愉快的事情爆發(fā)。(occur，happen，takeplace，breakout)③ThepolicequestionedBobwhenexactlythemurderoccurred/happened．④Allsortsofunexpectedthingsmighthappen/occur．⑤Theweddingwilltakeplacein'sChurch.⑥HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout．⑦Weshouldallrememberthatsomegreatscientificdiscoveriesoccurred/happenedbychance.inaway從某種程度上說(教材P6)Inaway，Pompeiiislikea“timecapsule”preservingafrozenmomentinhistory.在某種程度上，龐培古城就像一個“時間艙”，保存了歷史上一段被封存了的瞬間。insomeways 在某些方面alltheway 自始至終，一直bytheway 順便說，順便問一下bywayof 經(jīng)由；通過……方法intheway 妨礙，擋道inthisway 用這種方法innoway 一點也不，決不(置于句首時，引起部分倒裝)①TheyaretravellingtoFrancebywayofLondon.他們經(jīng)倫敦去法國旅行。②Canyoumovethatbox？It'sinthewayofthedoor.你能挪開那只箱子嗎？它擋著門了。③Innowaycanyouloseheartwhenintrouble.身處困境時，你決不能氣餒?！緦W號：96750001】[語境助記]Bytheway，Idon'tlikethebookinaway，butinnowaycouldIdealwithitinthisway.順便說一下，我在某種程度上不喜歡這本書，但我決不會用這種方式處理它。preservevt.維護；保護，保存(教材P6)Inaway，Pompeiiislikea“timecapsule”preservingafrozenmomentinhistory.在某種程度上，龐培古城就像一個“時間艙”，保存了歷史上一段被封存了的瞬間。(1)preserve...from... 保護……免受……bewellpreserved 保存(養(yǎng))得很好(2)preserven. 禁獵地，飼養(yǎng)場preservationn. 保存，保護①Nohuntingisallowedinthepreserve.在這個保護區(qū)內(nèi)不許狩獵。②Wemaypreservethemajorityoftheendangeredspeciesfromextinction.我們可以保護大多數(shù)瀕臨滅絕的物種免于滅絕。burstvi.爆炸；沖，闖(教材P7)Thebuildingexplodedbecauseagaspipehadburst.這座大樓因煤氣管爆裂而爆炸。burstn． 突發(fā)，迸發(fā)burstin＝breakin 闖入burstinto 闖入(住宅)burstforth 突然發(fā)生burstoutcrying/laughing＝burstintotears/laughter 突然哭/笑起來①Aburstofhand-clappingfollowedtheendingofthesong.歌聲結(jié)束之后接著響起了一陣掌聲。②Ihaveneverseenthefeelingsofbeingoppressedburstingforthlikeafire.我從來沒有看見過那像火一樣突然迸發(fā)出來的被壓抑的情感。③Weallburstoutlaughingonhearinghisfunnystory.＝Weallburstintolaughter(laugh)onhearinghisfunnystory.聽到他有趣的故事，我們都放聲大笑起來。[圖形助記]eq\a\vs4\al(爆裂,burst)eq\a\vs4\al(突然大笑……,burstoutlaughting)eq\a\vs4\al(沖，闖進,burstin)Ⅰ.語境填詞1．Manypeopleabandonliving(live)inbigcitiesbecauseofhighexpenses.2．Shewitnessedtoseeing(see)thatmantakethemoney.3．EveryonewasquietwhenJennysuddenlyburstoutcrying(cry)．4．Hernewbookshowshertobeafirst-ratenovelist(novel)．5．Thepaintingswereinanexcellentstateofpreservation(preserve)．6．ThenovelyoureadyesterdaywaswrittenbyafamousChinesenovelist．(novelist)7．PreservationinthesoilmadeitpossibleforancientEgyptianstopreservedeadbodies.(preserve)8．Thistypeoffantasyinvolvespeoplefromourworldtravelingtoafantasticplace.(fantasy)Ⅱ.選詞填空inaway，blockout，splitup，knockover，comeintoview1．Thevillagewillcomeintoviewatthenextturn.2．Thecatcouldn'tpossiblyknockoverthetrashcan.3．Theheavysnowfallblockedouttheroadsyesterday.4．Inaway，it'soneofourbiggestmistakes.5．Themonitorsplitupalargeclassintotengroups.Ⅲ.完成句子1．當我們轉(zhuǎn)過拐角，一座迷人的城堡映入我們的眼簾。Asweturnedthecorner，afascinatingcastlecameintoview．2．他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄臟了。Heknockedoverabottleofinkandruinedthetablecloth.【導學號：96750002】3．從某種意義上來說，你犯那個錯誤我倒很高興，因為那個錯誤會對你起警告作用。Inaway，I'mgladyoumadethatmistake，foritwillserveaswarningtoyou.(教材P6)However，muchmorethanbuildingsandobjects，itistheformsofthepeoplewhowerecaughtinthedisasterthathavemadethecityamonumenttohumanhistory.但是，與城里的建筑及物品相比，那些在那場災難中遇難的人的輪廓形象則更能使得這座城市成為人類歷史上的一座紀念碑。【句式分析】句中itis...that為強調(diào)句，強調(diào)了theformsofthepeoplewhowerecaughtinthedisaster。(1)強調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itis/was＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他成分。它可以用來強調(diào)句中的某些成分，如主語、賓語、狀語等，但該結(jié)構(gòu)不能用來強調(diào)謂語。被強調(diào)的部分指人時用that，who均可，指物或情況時用that。(2)一般疑問句：It/Wasit＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他？(3)對not...until結(jié)構(gòu)中狀語進行強調(diào)時，not需置于被強調(diào)的部分之中，構(gòu)成“Itis/wasnotuntil...that...”結(jié)構(gòu)。(4)特殊疑問句：Where/When/What...＋is/wasit＋that/who＋其他？①ItisWangYapingwhoisChina'sfirstteacherinspace.中國的第一位太空教師是王亞平。②WherewasitthatTomsawourteacherlastSunday?湯姆上周日是在哪里看見我們的老師的？③ItwasnotuntilshetookoffhersunglassesthatIrecognizedshewasafamousfilmstar.直到她摘下墨鏡，我才認出她是位著名影星。[名師點津](1)判斷句子是否為強調(diào)句的方法：把itis/was和that/who去掉，再把被強調(diào)部分歸位到它本來的位置，句子完整就為強調(diào)句。(2)被強調(diào)代詞的形式應與原句保持一致，其謂語動詞的單復數(shù)與原句主語保持一致。(教材P6)Anotherman，lyingonhisside，looksasifheistryingtogetup.躺在他旁邊的另一個人看上去好像是在試圖站立起來?！揪涫椒治觥窟@是一個主從復合句，anothermanlooks...是主句，asif引導表語從句。asif/though還可以引導方式狀語從句，從句可用陳述語氣，也可用虛擬語氣。asif/though引導的從句用虛擬語氣時，從句的時態(tài)用一般過去時，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反；用過去完成時，表示與過去事實相反。①Hetreatshissisterasif/thoughshewereastranger.他待他姐姐如陌生人。②HespeaksEnglishasifhehadstudied(study)itinEnglandbefore.他說英語就好像以前在英國學習過似的。完成句子1．我沒什么可承認的。你到底想讓我說什么呢？Ihavenothingtoisitthatyouwantmetosay?2．她看起來好像年輕了十歲。Shelooksasifsheweretenyearsyounger．3．看來我們隊要勝了。Itseemsasifourteamisgoingtowin．AroundtheendofthefirstcenturyAD，aRomanwritercalledPlinywroteaboutaterriblevolcaniceruptionthathehadwitnessedasayoungman.【分析】本句是一個主從復合句，that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞eruption。句中過去分詞短語calledPliny作后置定語，修飾writer?！痉g】大約公元一世紀末，一位名叫普利尼的羅馬作家描述了他年輕時目睹的一次可怕的火山爆發(fā)的情景。過去完成時閱讀下列句子并體會黑體部分的用法1．...aRomanwritercalledPlinywroteaboutaterriblevolcaniceruptionthathehadwitnessedasayoungman.2．By1748，theyhadfoundanawesomehistoricalsite.3．Hehadworkedinthefactoryforfiveyearsbeforewemovedhere.4．Thefilmhadbegunwhentheyarrivedatthecinema.5．Ihadhopedtomeetyouattheairport，butIwascaughtinatrafficjam.一、概念過去完成時的基本用法與現(xiàn)在完成時相似，所不同的是：現(xiàn)在完成時的動作需在現(xiàn)在以前完成，過去完成時的動作需在過去某一時間以前完成，也就是說動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。二、構(gòu)成主語＋had＋動詞的過去分詞Youabandonedthemapbecauseyouhadlearnedhowtogethome.你丟掉地圖，因為你已經(jīng)學會如何回家。三、基本用法1．表示過去的過去表示在過去的某一時間或某一動作之前完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也就是“過去的過去”。可以用by，before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句、用一個表示過去的動作以及通過上下文來表示。Bynineo'clocklastnight，wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9點鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200張從宇宙飛船發(fā)來的圖片。Howlonghadtaughtinthemiddleschoolbeforehecamehere?王老師來這里之前，在中學教了多長時間的書？Iwasverysadathishadbeengoodfriendssinceourchildhood.他的去世使我很悲傷。我們自童年時代起就是好朋友。2．用于賓語從句或間接引語中Iwonderedwhohadtakentheumbrellawithoutpermission.我想知道誰不經(jīng)允許就把雨傘拿走了。3．表示未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或打算，主要用于表示“愿望，打算”一類的詞，如hope，want，expect，think，suppose，plan，mean，intend等動詞。Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他們本打算去幫忙，但沒有及時趕到那里。4．過去完成時用于一些固定句型中，例如This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second...time＋that從句(從句中用過去完成時)，Hardly(scarcely/barely)had...done...when...和Nosoonerhad...done...than...結(jié)構(gòu)。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他剛開始演講，聽眾就打斷了他。5．過去完成時用于虛擬語氣，在wish，asif/though，if，ifonly，wouldratherdonesth.結(jié)構(gòu)或從句中，常用過去完成時來表示與過去的事實相反。Ifhehadcaughttheearlybusthismorning，hewouldnothavebeenlateforclass.如果他今天早上趕上了早班車，他上課就不會遲到了。四、語法區(qū)別1．一般過去時與過去完成時的用法區(qū)別(1)一般過去時表示過去時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；而過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已完成的動作或狀態(tài)，即“過去的過去”。當強調(diào)過去某一動作發(fā)生在另一動作之前，常用過去完成時。Thesportsmeetingbeganat8a．Saturday.上周六運動會是在上午八點開始的。Thesportsmeetinghadbegunwhenwegottoschool.我們到學校時，運動會已經(jīng)開始了。(2)一般過去時與過去完成時都可以和確定的表示過去的時間狀語連用，但側(cè)重點有所不同。Theyhaddonetheworkatfiveo'clock.在五點的時候他們已經(jīng)完成了那項工作。Theydidtheworkatfiveo'clock.他們是在五點鐘做那項工作的。上述第一句中只說明工作在五點鐘已經(jīng)完成，并未說明工作是什么時候做的；第二句就明確告訴我們，工作是五點鐘做的。2．過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時表示的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或同現(xiàn)在有關的動作，句中不可有表示過去特定時間的狀語，而過去完成時表示的是過去某時之前已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過去某時的動作，句中可有表示過去特定時間的狀語。Ihavefinishedmyhomework.我已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)。Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkby10：00thismorning.到今天上午10點鐘我已完成了我的作業(yè)。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Helenhadleft(leave)herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusbandcamehome.2．BythetimeIlefttheschool,hehadtaught(teach)theclassfor3years.3．Hehadserved(serve)inthearmyfortenyearsbeforeheretiredlastyear.4．Ihadintended(intend)tocallonyouyesterday,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.5．Nosoonerhadtheyleft(leave)thebuildingthanabombexploded.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Ihadlearned1，000wordssofar.________________________________________________________________________2．Theyhadarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.________________________________________________________________________3．Ihavebeenatthestopfor20minuteswhenabuscame.________________________________________________________________________4．IthoughtIhavesenttheletteraweekbefore.________________________________________________________________________5．Nosoonerhashearrivedthanhewentawayagain.________________________________________________________________________【答案】改為have2.去掉had改為had改為had改為had學業(yè)分層測評(一)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Theyfoundanabandoned(abandon)cottageinthewildmountains.2．Can'tyoulookwhereyou'regoing？Younearlyknockedmeover!3．Itsuddenlyoccurredtooneoftheworkerstoopen(open)upthebox.4．Ithinktheseinterestingoldcustomsshouldbepreserved(preserve)．5．Uponhearingthefunnystory，everybodyburstintolaughter(laugh)．6．Howwasitthattheydiscoveredtheentrancetotheundergroundpalace?7．HetalksaboutRomeasthoughhehadbeen(be)therebefore.8．Hecollapsedinthestreetanddiedonthewaytohospital.【導學號：96750035】9．Theloss(lose)ofthemoneyhasbeenaweightonmymind.10．Tomhadcollected(collect)morethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasseven.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Thegovernmentforcedustoabandondotheresearchonthismatter.________________________________________________________________________2．Hisgoodhealthisawitnessofthesuccessofthetreatment.________________________________________________________________________3．ItoccurredmethatIhadleftmykeysbehind.________________________________________________________________________4．Theoldtombsneedtobepreservedaboutfurtherharm.________________________________________________________________________5．Mywifeburstouttearswhensheheardthebadnews.________________________________________________________________________6．InnowayIblameyouforwhathappened.________________________________________________________________________7．Itwasintheroomwhereweusedtohavemeetings.________________________________________________________________________8．TheytreatmeasthoughIamastranger.________________________________________________________________________9．Wehavehopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.________________________________________________________________________10．HardlyIreachedhomewhenastormbrokeout.________________________________________________________________________【答案】改為doing2.第一個of改為to后加to改為from改為into前加do改為that改為were改為had后加hadⅢ.閱讀理解Greenwich，inthesouthoftheThames，thelongestriverinEngland，hasalongtimedifferentbuildingshavebeenconstructedonthesamePalaceofPlacentia，anEnglishRoyalPalacebuiltin1447，nolongerexistsapartfromafewremainsunderthepresentbuildings.TheimpressivebuildingsonthesouthbankoftheThamesatGreenwichweredesignedbytheEnglisharchitectSirChristopherbuildingswerefinallycompletedin1745,althoughsomepartsstartedtobeusedasearlyasin'renowpartofauniversity－h(huán)avingservedasanaval(海軍的)hospitalandanavalcollegeandthesettingforseveralmovies.Butthebuildingsstandonasitewhichhasamuchlongernearlytwohundredyears，fromaround1450to1650,GreenwichwasoneofthemainroyalpalacesofofthemostfamousEnglishrulers,suchasHenryⅧandElizabethⅠ，notonlylivedthere,butwerealsobornthere.HenryⅧputanarmory(軍械庫)there，andtherewerealsogardensandamassofPalaceofPlacentiawasalsoinastrategiclocation,becauseatthetimeeithersideofGreenwichontheThameswasimportantplaceswhereshipswerebuiltandrepaired.Eventually，however,thepalacefellintobad1664,theKingatthetime，CharlesⅡ，decidedtoreplaceitwithcompletelynewbuildingsinamodernacellar(地窖)fromtheformerroyalpalacenowremains,underoneofthenewredbrick,typicalofthesixteenthcentury，contrastssharplywiththewhitestoneaboveit.WouldyouliketojoinustohaveagoodviewofGreenwich?【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了英國的格林威治市。1．ThebuildingsonthesouthbankoftheThamesatGreenwich________．A．a(chǎn)renowstillusedaspartofauniversityB．a(chǎn)resimilartothoseinthe16thcenturyC．weredesignedinthestyleofElizabethⅠD．a(chǎn)rethemostimpressivebuildingsinEngland【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“They'renowpartofauniversity”可知，答案為A。【答案】A2．ThePalaceofPlacentia________．A．everservedasanavalhospitalB．wasconstructedofwhitestonesC．wasdesignedbyChristopherWrenD．wasofparticularimportanceintimeofwar【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“ThePalaceofPlacentiawasalsoinastrategiclocation...whereshipswerebuiltandrepaired.”可知，答案為D。【答案】D3．WhydidCharlesⅡreplacethepalace?A．Becauseitwasinneedofrepair.B．Becausehedidn'tlikeitscolor.C．Becauseitwaslocatedunderground.D．Becauseitwasinanoldstyle.【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Eventually，however，thepalacefellintobadcondition.”可知，答案為A。【答案】A4．Thispassagecanmostprobablybefoundin________．A．a(chǎn)sciencereport B．a(chǎn)personaldiaryC．a(chǎn)historytextbook D．a(chǎn)travelmagazine【解析】推理判斷題。本文介紹了格林威治這個城市，而且根據(jù)最后一段可知，本文最有可能出自一本旅游雜志，故答案為D?！敬鸢浮緿Ⅳ.完形填空(2023·臨沂一中高二月考)ItwasMother'sDay，butourmotherwasfarawayfromdecidedtodrivetothe__1__withmywifeandourchildrento__2__flowers.Afterwearrived,wewenthiking,playedgames,andcollectedallkindsofflowersandsohappywewere!Finally,though,wehadto__3__ourcarandgotreadytogobackthekidschattedandIdrove,mywifesatbehindme，surroundedbyherflowers,a(n)__4__lookinhereyes.Suddenlymywife__5__tome，“Stoptherighthere！”__6__Icouldaskherwhathadhappened,shewasoutand__7__upanearbygrassyhillwiththelilacs(丁香花)stillinherthe__8__ofthehillwasanursinghomeand,becauseitwassuchabeautifulspringday,the__9__wereoutdoorstalkingwithrelatives.Mywifewentupthehill,whereanelderlypatientwassittinginher__10__，alonewithherbacktomostofthewife__11__theflowerstoherandsaidpatient__12__herheadandtalkedforafew__13__beforemywiferanthecar__14__away,Ifoundinthemirrorthewoman__15__withthelilacs.“Mom，”thekidsasked，“Whowasthat?Whydidyougiveherour__16__？Isshesomebody'smother？”Mywifesaid，“Ididn'tknowtheolditisMother'ssheseemedso__17__．Whowouldn'tbecheeredbyflowers？__18__，”sheadded，“Ihaveallofyou,andIstillhavemy__19__，evenifsheisfarwomanneededthoseflowersmorethanIdid.”N