2023年上海市高考英語模擬試卷試題三（含答案）

2023年全國普通高等學校招生統(tǒng)一考試上海高考英語模擬試卷I.Listeningcomprehension略II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.It'shardertohealatnightCircadianrhythm,betterknownasourbodyclock,isthecyclethatkeepsusmovingon.Duringa24-hourcycleithelps(21)________(drive)multipleprocessesinthebody,fromhormonesecretionandsleepingpatternstometabolism.AndresearchersattheMedicalResearchCouncil(MRC)LaboratoryofMolecularBiologyinCambridgehavediscoveredthatthiscyclecanaffectthehealingofwoundssuchascutsandbums.DrJohnO'Neill,theseniorauthorofthestudy,said,"Thisisthefirsttimethatthecircadianclockwithinindividualskincells(22)________(show)todeterminehoweffectivelytheyrespondtoinjuries."Thestudyfoundthat,onaverage,bumsthat(23)________(occur)atnighttook60percentlongertohealthanbumsthathappenedduringthebodyclockdaytimecycle.Nighttimebums(sustainedbetween8pmand8am)healedaround28days(24) ________of17daysifabumwassustainedduringtheday(between8amand8pm).Thestudydrewtheseconclusionsafter(25)________(analyse)datafrom118patientrecordsfromallmajorbumsunitsinEnglandandWales.Thereasoningbehindthedifferencesinhealingtimeisdueto(26)________longittakesforskincellstomovetothesiteofthewoundandbeginrepairs,aprocessthatoccursmorequicklyduringthedaytime.Thisisdrivenbyincreasedactivityoftheproteinswithinthecell,(27)________actlikeamusclewithinthecell.Inastatement,DrNedHoyle,theleadauthorofthestudy,said,“We'veshownthatthedailycyclesinourbodyclockcontrolhowwellcellscanrepair(28)________(damage)tissuebyaffectinganessentialproteincalledactin.Efficientrepairofourskiniscriticaltopreventinginfection,and(29)________healinggoeswrong,woundsneedmoretimetoheal.Furtherresearchintothelink(30)________bodyclocksandwoundhealingmayhelpustodevelopdrugsthatpromotewoundhealing.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.achieved B.applicant-tracking C.descriptive D.eliminateE.extentF.high-energy G.match H.missionsI.outcomes J.quantifiableK.screenOutsmartingtheRobotsQ:Regardingyourcolumnontryingtogetyourresumepasttherobots,I'ma59-year-oldsalesprofessionallookingforajob.IsuspectI'mgettingbouncedbecauseI'mshowing20-plusyearsofexperience.HowshouldIbedescribingmyexperiencetogetpastthese_____31_____systems?—C.P.A:Thesesystemstypically______32______applicantsbasedpartlyontheireducationlevel,titlesheldonpastjobsandconsistency（一致性）ofworkhistory.Job-searchcoachesoftenrecommendleavingoutdatesmorethan20yearsinthepast.Also,_____33_____thenamesofpastemployersthatareoutofbusiness.Replacethemwithageneraldescriptionofthekindand_____34_____oftheexperienceyougainedthere,suchassalesmanagement,andmentiontitlesheldandresults_____35_____inthoseroles.Placespecialemphasisonquantifyingsuch_____36_____assalesormarket-sharegrowthorcustomersgained.Trytoapplyonlyforopeningsthataretrulyagood_____37_____,thentailoryourapplicationandcoverletterbyselectingthesamekeywordsand_____38_____termsusedbytheemployerinthejobposting.Emphasizeyourmostrecentroles.Ifyou'vebeenoutofworkforawhile,consideracquiringsomenewqualificationsthroughtraining,orputtingyoursalesskillstoworkforanonprofitorganizationinarolethatwillenableyoutoshow_____39_____results.Employerswillbelookingforanactive,_____40_____applicantwhoisreadyforafaststart.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ManypeopleIknow（includingmembersofmyfamily）feelexerciseisatime-consuming9unpleasantactivity.Theneedtochangeintootherclothes,tofrequentlytakeablockoftimeoutofbusylives,andtogetdirtyandexhausted:theyfinditall_____41_____.ButI'vealways_____42_____thehardworkandeventhesatisfactionofearningthenextday'ssoremuscles.AndIhadaslightsenseofprideinknowingnotonlythatIwashelpingthebiologicalmachinerythatpromoteshealthbutalsothatIgotaniceside_____43_____ofbeingabletoeatcookiesbecauseI'dburnedextracalories._____44_____Or,atleast,notentirelyright.Asscienceshowsoverandoveragain,ourintuitiveideasofhowthingsworkoftendon't_____45_____inthefaceofdataandcarefulanalysis.Thebenefitsofexerciseareacaseinpoint.Inthisissue'scoverstory,“TheExerciseParadox/scientistHermanPontzerdescribesasurprisingandfascinatingresultofevolution:humansbumaboutthesamenumberofcaloriesregardlessof_____46_____level.Andcomparedwithotheranimals,weusealotofcalories.Inadditionto_____47_____ourcommonsense,thefindingsprovidefurtherinsightsaboutwhyourkindhasbeensoextraordinarilysuccessful,becomingthe_____48_____forceontheplanet.Bytheway,tobeclear,weshouldall49.Regularactivitydoeshelpourinnerenginesrunright,andithassomebenefitsinelevatingmoodandimprovingcognition（認知）.Butenablingweightlossregardlessofdiet?Notsomuch.Theknowledgethatwehavehadthecapabilitytoruleoverourownworldhas_____50_____theideathatwewouldsomedayalsocometoliveonotherplanets.Tobesure,that_____51_____encompasseshealthyamountsofromanticism,asenseofadventureandevenconcernsabouthavingsufficientoptionstoensureourspecies5long-termsurvival._____52_____the"easy"problemsoflongerspacejourneysincludeescapingEarth'sgravitywithrockets,buildingairtightshipswithenoughairtobreathe,andcarryinghugeamountsfoodandwater.Amuchharder_____53_____isonethatHollywoodnevertoldyouabout:thedamagetothebraindonebycosmicradiation（宇宙射線），whichneuroscientistCharlesL.Limolidescribesin"Deep-SpaceDealBreaker."Willitprovetobethebarriertoour_____54_____"thefinalfrontier^?Onethingiscertain:thehumanambitionmeanswewon't_____55_____trying.41.A.amusing B.unappealing C.convincing D.shocking42.A.enjoyed B.minded C.reflected D.forgot43.A.obstacle B.benefit C.impact D.view44.A.Wonderful B.Wrong C.Pointless D.Right45.A.standup B.takeoff C.endup D.turnoff46.A.service B.income C.activity D.demand47.A.underrating B.over-impressing C.under-training D.overturning48.A.dominant B.singular C.cultural D.declining49.A.celebrate B.return C.remember D.exercise50.A.rejected B.considered C.questioned D.inspired51.A.ruling B.survival C.knowledge D.shift52.A.Besides B.Otherwise C.Similarly D.Unfortunately53.A.routine B.version C.challenge D.option54.A.demanding B.measuring C.conquering D.recognising55.A.stop B.advise C.deserve D.keepSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Cartoonssuitthewaywelikeinformationtobepresentedthesedays:graphicallyandinsmallamounts.Weareusedtocartoonsandcomicstripsthattakeanironiclookatmodemlifeorprovideabitofescapism.Butrecentlywehaveseenanincreaseinthenumberofgraphicnovels:booklengthcomicswithasingle,continuousnarrative.Historically,graphicnovelswerenotpopularoutsideFrance,Belgium,Japan,andtheUS.Theexceptionistheworldwidepopularityofayoungreporter-detectivefromBelgium,Tintin.ThecreationoftheBelgiancartoonistHerge,TheAdventuresofTintinfirstappearedinaBelgiannewspaperin1929.Eachstoryappearedasacartoonstripweekbyweek,butsoonafterwasrepublishedinbookform.Oneofthemainattractionsforreaderswasthattheyweretakentopartsoftheworldtheyhadneverseenandprobablyneverwould:Russia,theCongo,America.HergehimselfonlytraveledoutsideBelgiumlaterinlife,buthispassionwaseducatinghisreadersaboutotherculturesandplaces.TwothingssetHergeapartasagraphicnovelistThefirstwashistechnicaldrawingskills:withjustafewsimplelineshecouldcommunicateaparticularfacialexpressionormovement.Thesecondwasthecarefulresearchheputintohisstories.InTheCrabwiththeGoldenClaws.Tintinfollowsanopium-smugglingringtoNorthAfrica;inKingOttakar'sScepter,hemakesanattemptatamilitarycoupinacentralEuropeancountry.Whiletellingthesestories,Hergealsosteeredafinelinebetweenserioustopicsandhumor.Tintinhadmorethanhisfairshareofadventures,butperhapsthegreatestishisjoumeytotheMoon,toldinDestinationMoonandExplorersontheMoon.Writtenin1953,sixteenyearsbeforethefirstMoonlanding,thestoriesshowaremarkableeyefortechnicaldetailandfeelingforthenatureofspacetravel.Intheearly1950s,fewcouldimaginewhatitwasliketobelookingdownatourplanetfromouterspace.AndthatisHerge'struegift:tounderstandwhataplacewaslikewithouteverhavingbeenthere.56.Whatcanbelearnedaboutgraphicnovelsfromthepassage?A.TheAdventuresofTintinistheworld'sfirstgraphicnovel.B.Mostofthemwerejustpopularinseveralcountries.C.Theypresentinformationinsmallamounts.D.Theymostlyinvolvedetectivestories.57.WhichofthefollowingisanattractionofTheAdventuresofTintinforreaders?A.ThestorieswerecreatedinBelgium,aEuropeancountry.B.Thestorieswerethefirstgraphicnovelpublishedinbookform.C.Thestoriesusedtobecartoonstripsthatappearedweekbyweek.D.Thestoriesenablethemtolearnaboutplacestheyhaveneverbeento.58.TheCrabwiththeGoldenClawsandKingOttakar"sScepterareusedasexamplestoillustrate_______.A.HergelikedtouchingonserioustopicsB.HergehimselfhadagoodsenseofhumorC.HergebasedhisstoriesontheresearchresultsD.Hergewasexpertatapplyingtechnicaldrawingskills59.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofHerge?A.HehadbeenlongingforatriptotheMoon.B.HeneverhadanychancetoleaveBelgiumfortravelling.C.Hecoulddescribeaccuratelythoseexperiencesheneverhad.D.Hedevotedhimselftoeducationbeforecreatinggraphicnovels.（B）WhereisAmeliaEarhart?ThreetheoriesAmeliaEarhart,thefirstwomantoflyaloneacrosstheAtlanticOcean,wasattemptingaround-the-worldflightin1937.SheplannedtolandonthetinyPacificOceanislandofHowland.Sheneverarrived.Herfate,andthatofhernavigator（導航員）FredNoonan,remainsoneofaviation's（航空的）greatestunsolvedmysteries.Researchershavespentmillionsofdollarsinvestigatingthecaseandseveralbookshavebeenpublishedthatexamineddifferenttheories.TheofficialUSpositionisthatEarhartranoutoffuelandcrashedinthePacificOcean.TheradiologfromaUSCoastGuardshipindicatesthatshemusthavebeennearHowlandwhencontactwaslostAnothertheorysaysthatEarhartcouldhavecrashedonadifferentisland,calledNikumaroro,anddiedsincetheislandisuninhabited.YetanothertheoryclaimsshewascapturedwhileonasecretmissiontotheMarshallIslandsintheNorthPacificandeventuallyreturnedtotheUSwithanewidentity.Lostandfound?ThemissingpilotFebruary18,2011AmeliaEarhart'sdriedsaliva(唾液)couldhelpsolvethelongstandingmysteryoftheaviator's1937disappearance,accordingtoscientistswhoplantotakesamplesofherDNAfromhercorrespondence.AnewprojectaimstocreateageneticprofilethatcouldbeusedtotestrecentclaimsthatabonefoundontheSouthPacificislandofNikumaroroisEarharfs.JustinLong,aCanadianwhosefamilyispartiallyfundingtheDNAproject,pointsoutthatatthemoment,anyonewhofindspartsofbonescanclaimthattheyareEarhart'sremains.AccordingtoJustinLong,Earhart5slettersaretheonlyitemsthatarebothprovedtobehersandthatmightcontainherDNA.HairsamplesareoneofthebestsourcesofDNA,butnohairsamplesfromEarhartareknown.Therewas,intheory,asampleofEarhart5shairintheInternationalWomen'sAirandSpaceMuseuminCleveland,US.However,a2009studyrevealedthatthesamplewasactuallythread.TheremainsofEarhart,hernavigatorNoonan,andtheirtwin-engineplanewereneverrecovered.Butin2009,agroupofresearchersfoundabonefragmentonNikumarorothattheybelievedmighthavebeenfromoneofEarhart5sfingers.However,somescientistshavesuggestedtheNikumarorobonefragmentisn'thumanatallbutmayinsteadbelongtoaseaturtlethatwasfoundnearby.ThenewEarhartDNAprojectwillbeheadedbyDongyaYang,ageneticscientistatSimonFraserUniversityinCanada.YangwillworkonfourlettersEarhartwrotetoherfamily.MuchofEarhart9scorrespondencewasdonebyhersecretarybuttheassumptionisthatEarhartmusthavesealedtheenvelopesofthesepersonallettersherself.60.WhyaretheresomanytheoriesconcerningwhereAmeliaEarhartwas?A.Itisstillamystery.B.Sheleftwithsomesecrets.C.Herflightcostmuchmoney.D.Shereturnedwithanewidentity.61.WhatcouldJustinLong'sprojecthelptodo?A.TosearchNikumaroromorethoroughly.B.ToconfirmifabonebelongstoAmeliaEarhart.C.TofindoutwhoAmeliaEarhartoftenwroteto.D.TolocateAmeliaEarhart'sremainsaccurately.62.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.NoneofAmeliaEarhart'sDNAhasbeencollectedsofar.B.AmeliaEarharttookdelightinwritingletterstoherfamily.C.TheNikumarorobonefragmentbelongedtoAmeliaEarhart.D.ThehairsampleinCleveland'smuseumwasAmeliaEarhart5s.(C)Iranintomyfavouritetechnophobe(抗拒技術(shù)者)theotherday."Isee,"helaughed,“thatyourtechindustryisinmeltdown!”Theannoyingthingisthathewaspartlyright.Whathashappenedisthattwomajorsecurityweaknesses―oneofthemhasbeennamed"Meltdown”，theother“Spectre"―havebeendiscoveredintheCentralProcessingUnit(CPU)chipsthatpowermostofthecomputersintheworld.ACPUisadeviceforperformingbillionsofoperationsdeterminedbywhateverprogramisrunning:itfetchessomedatafrommemory,performssomeoperationsonthatdataandthensendsitbacktomemory;thenfetchesthenextbitofdata;andsoon.TwodecadesagosomeonehadanideaforspeedingupCPUs.Insteadofwaitinguntiltheprogramtoldthemwhichdatatofetchnext,whynottrytopredictwhat'sneededandpre-fetchit?Thatway,theprocessorwouldbecomefasterandmoreefficient.Thismeantthat一inanicecomparisonmadebyZeynepTufekci,anacademicwhowritesbeautifullyaboutthisstufftheCPUbecamelikeasuper-attentivebutler（管家）,“pouringthatsecondglassofwinebeforeyouknewyouweregoingtoaskforit".Butwhatifyoudon'twantotherstoknowaboutthedetailsofyourwinestock?"Itturnsout,”writesTufekci,“thatbywatchingyourbutler'smovements,otherpeoplecaninferalotaboutthestock."Informationisvisiblethatwouldnothavebeenavailableifhehadpatientlywaitedforeachofyourcommands,ratherthantryingtopredictthem.Almostallmodemmicroprocessorsbehavelikeattentivebutlers一andtherevealingtracesleftbytheirhelpfulactionsmeanthatinformationthatissupposedtobesecretisn't.ThebiggesttakeawayfromthediscoveryofMeltdownandSpectreistherealisationoftheshakinessofthefoundationsonwhichwehaveconstructedournetworkedworld.Wehavealwaysknownthatthereisnosuchthingasacompletelysecurenetworkeddevice.Nowweknowthatattheheartofeverynetworkeddevicetheresitsaninsecureprocessor.Initially,itwasthoughtthattheonlyanswerwouldbetoreplaceallthoseprocessors—anunconscionableoption.Butthenitturnedoutthatsolutionsexistintermsofpatches(補丁)tooperatingsystemsoftware.Theindustryisworkingonthoseandeveryconscientioususeroughttoinstallthemwhentheybecomeavailable.Butthere'snofreelunchhere:fixingtheproblemwillslowdownprocessorsbyanamountthatwilldifferfromchipgenerationtogeneration.Microsoft,forexample,saysthatpatcheswill''significantlyslowdowncertainserversandaffecttheperformanceofsomepersonalcomputers”.Firingthatattentivebutlermeansthatyouhavetofetchyourowndrinks.Andthattakeslonger.Patienceisavirtue,sometimes,evenincomputing.63.Whatcanbelearnedabout"Meltdown"and"Spectre"fromthepassage?A.TheyarecoinedbyZeynepTufekci.B.Theyrefertothebasiccomputerproblems.C.Theyhavebeenexistingsincecomputerscameintouse.D.Theywereusedbytechnophobestoattackthetechindustry.64.Whatchangedidthe"someone”（paragraph2）bringtoCPUs20yearsago?A.CPUs'abilitytoaccessdatabeforereceivingacommand.B.CPUs'abilitytomakealterationstoacomputer'smemory.C.CPUs、abilitytoperformoperationswithoutthehelpofprograms.D.CPUs'abilitytocorrectthemistakesindatathatusedtobeinvisible.65.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofthepatchestooperatingsystemsoftware?A.Theywillprovetobeanunconscionableoption.B.Theywillonedayreplaceallthoseprocessors.C.TheywillaffectCPUs5workingefficiency.D.Theywillcostprogrammerstheirpatience.66.Whatistheauthormostlikelytoagreewith?A.Thecurrentcomputerprocessingisfastbutunsafe.B.Toomuchattentionispaidto"Meltdown"and"Spectre”.C.ThecomparisonthatTufekcimakesisnotthataccurate.D.InformationsecurityhassloweddownCPUdevelopment.SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Thecrayfishreturnedtospendingaboutone-thirdoftheirtimeinthelight,B.Itissurprisingthatanti-anxietydrugsdesignedforhumanusealsoworkoninvertebrates.C.Iftheydidencounterthelitsections,theymovedbackintothedarkin80percentofcases.D.Nowthereisevidencethatthisleadstobehaviourthatresemblesanxiety.E.Theylastsharedacommonancestorwithushundredsofmillionsofyearsago.F.Nowwe’rebeginningtoturnthatoverandaskifwecansaywhenananimalishappyorcheerful.Crayfish（2、龍蝦）appearanxiousaftermoulting（換殼）Whenacrayfishmoults,itbecomestemporarilyweak._______67_______"Theyworry,theyhaveafrightstatethatmakesthemavoidpotentiallydangerousareas.It'skindoflikeanxiety,"saysPascalFossatattheUniversityofBordeauxinFrance.FossatandhiscolleaguescollectedcrayfishnearBordeauxandstoredtheminindividualtanksthatweresimilartotheirnaturalhabitat.Whenthecrayfishbegantomoult,theresearchersplacedtheminanareathathadtwodarksectionsandtwolitsections,andrecordedtheirbehaviour.Overthefollowingtwodays,thecrayfishshowedastrongpreferenceforhidinginthedarkregions._______68_______Forcomparison,whenthecrayfishweren'tmoulting,theytypicallyspentabout30percentoftheirtimeinthelight."They'reveryweakwhentheyremovetheoldexoskeleton（殼），andthenewoneistotallysoftuntiltheyeattheoldonetogetbackthemineralsthatmakethenewexoskeletonstronger,"saysFossat.Theteamalsotookcrayfishthatweren'tmoultingandinjectedthemwithanecdysteroid一aclassofhormonethatcontrolsmoulting.Theyfoundthatthecrayfishexhibitedthesameaiixiety-likebehaviour.Toexplorewhetheritwaspossibletochangethisbehaviour,Fossatandhiscolleaguestooktheanimalstheyhadtreatedwiththeecdysteroidandinjectedthemwithanti-anxietydrugsdevelopedforuseinhumans._______69_______"Theydidn'thavethefrightfrombefore,"saysFossat.Fossatsuspectscrayfishmaybecapableofotheremotions一althoughitisadifficultsubjecttoinvestigatebecausecrayfisharebiologicallysodifferentfromhumans.RobertElwoodatQueen'sUniversityBelfastintheUKsaysheanimalsmaybeactingonbasicphysiologicalmechanismsthathumanshaveinterpretedasfeelings.Buthesaysthatnewresearchishelpingusunderstandtherangeofemotionsinvertebrates（無脊椎動物）mayexperience.“We'vespentalotoftimeworriedaboutanimalwelfare,askingwhethertheyareinstressorpain,"hesays.“_______70_______"IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassage.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ThePaperArchitectForalongtime,ZahaHadidwasknownas"thepaperarchitect,"someonewhosegranddesignsneverleftthepagetobecomerealbuildings.Butinrecentyearsherbuildingshavesprunguplikemushroomsallovertheworld:theGuangzhouOperaHouseinChina,acarfactoryinGermany,acontemporaryartmuseuminRome,atransportationmuseuminScotland,andtheAquaticsCenterforthe2012OlympicsinLondon.Pinningdownherindividualstyleisdifficult.CertainlyHadidhasbeeninfluencedbythemodemtrendinarchitecturethatlikestoplaywiththetraditionalshapeofbuildingsandfragment(分解)them,creatingunpredictableanglesandsurfaces.Workinginthisway,sheandherfellowarchitectshaveproducedsomeoff^the-wall,spaceship-likestructuresthatseemtogoagainstthenormallawsofengineering.TheideaofofferingtheviewermultipleperspectivesfromwithinthebuildingisathemethatrunsthroughHadid'swork.Hermostfamousbuilding,MAXXI—amuseumforthe21stcentury—inRome,isagreatexample.Itisacomplexandspectacularstructureofinterlockingconcreteshapes.InsidespacesinterconnectTikewindingstreets,"sothatthevisitorissurprisedandcharmedateachturn.TheRosenthalCenterinCincinnatiproducesasimilareffect.Likeanextensionofthestreetitsitson,itdrawsyouin,withwalkwaysdirectingyouthiswayandthat,andwindowsinvitingyoutosampletheview."It'saboutpromenading/saysHadid,"beingabletopause,tolookout,