專題16-第十六章定語(yǔ)從句（初高區(qū)別及銜接）（學(xué)生版）-2021-2022學(xué)年英語(yǔ)初升高銜接大串講（牛津譯林版2020）

第十六章定語(yǔ)從句初中知識(shí)回顧回顧：定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫作先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫作關(guān)系代詞(that,which,who,whom,whose)或關(guān)系副詞(when,where),關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間，起聯(lián)系的作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)成分。.通常只能用that的情況(1)當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all,fcw,littlc,much,somcthing.anything,nothing5cvcrything等時(shí)。(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)以及被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,theonly,thevery,thelast等修飾時(shí)。(3)如果先行詞既指人又指物，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞Ihat。.通常只用which的情況(I)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，用關(guān)系代詞which指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。(2)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而且先行詞指物時(shí)只能用which,不用that?(3)如果句中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，如果兩個(gè)從句都可以用that引導(dǎo)，那么其中一個(gè)應(yīng)改用which引導(dǎo)。.who,whom與whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句⑴如果先行詞是指人的不定代詞anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,those,all(指人)等作先行詞，作主語(yǔ)用who,作賓語(yǔ)用whom,不用which.o⑵在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，指人作主語(yǔ)用who,作賓語(yǔ)用whom,不用whicho(3)在定語(yǔ)從句中，作定語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞只能用whose,它相當(dāng)于thc+名詞+of+which/whom;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中還有“代詞/數(shù)詞+of+、vhich八vhom”結(jié)構(gòu)。.關(guān)系副詞where,when與why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句它們相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”,其中where=in/at+which;when=at/in/during+which;why=for+whicho.介詞+關(guān)系代詞當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可以提前，這樣就出現(xiàn)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞先行詞指物，用“介詞+which”,指人則用“介詞+whom”,且兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞均不能省略。介詞的選擇要遵循兩個(gè)原則：根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞的搭配內(nèi)容而定；根據(jù)先行詞的特殊用法而定。Litisthesamewithourlives.Thosechoosetoliveinpeacemusthelptheirneighborstoliveinpeace..“AnyonehasheardaboutSeattle'strainmaythinkthisiskindoffim/'McKaulaysaid..Theatersmayhaveabrighterfutureiftheycanprovideamovieexperiencepeoplecannotgetathome..Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.Everythingcomesintosightissonewto.--Whydon'tyoulikefishing?Fishingisahobbyneedsmuchpatience,butI'mnotpatientatall..RunningManisaveryrelaxingTVprogramishotamongtheyoungpeople.高中定語(yǔ)從句一.定義定語(yǔ)從句：在句子中起定語(yǔ)作用，修飾句中的名詞或代詞的從句。先行詞：被修飾的名詞或代詞。結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞/代詞（先行詞）+關(guān)系代詞/副詞+定語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)者連接主從句，指代先行詞和在從句中作句子成分的三重作用二.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句who/that：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)）冼行詞為是人的名詞或代詞［whom：Heis（hemanwhom/who/thatIsawyesterday.（在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）whose：Theyrushedover（ohelp（hemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.（在從句中作定語(yǔ)）which/that:Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappears、先行詞是事物的名詞或代訶（在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)）inthecountryside.Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttofalldown.whose:Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhichthe）coverisgreen.（在從句中作定語(yǔ)）

考點(diǎn)一考查關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Apersone-mailaccountisfiillwon'tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.（天津卷）A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoeverManychildren,parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.（安徽卷）A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhomMyfriendshowedmeroundthetown,wasverykindofhim.（全國(guó)II）A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itWheneverImether,wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.（山東卷）A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that三.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句[when:Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield.（介詞+which）先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞where:Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasbom.（關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)）四.判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞四.判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞，L用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。2.準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。四.判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞，L用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞四.判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞，L用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。2.準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.Thisis（hemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.TilneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.I'llneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.Thismuseumisyouvisitedafewdaysago.Thisisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,that,which,whose）：先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why原因狀語(yǔ)）考點(diǎn)一考查關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Mozart'sbirthplaceandthehousehecomposed“TheMagicFlute”arebothmuseumsnow.（上海卷）A.whereB.whenC.thereD.whichIt'shelpfilltoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.（福建卷）A.thatB.whenC.whichD.whereLifeislikealongracewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.（重慶卷）A.whyB.whatC.thatD.whereShe'llneverfbrgetherstaythere,shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefbre.（四川卷）A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whenBecauseof（hefinancialcrisis,daysaregonelocal5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.A.ifB.whenC.whichD.since五.關(guān)系代詞that的用法1）不用that的情況a）引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例如：（錯(cuò)）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold.isveryfamoushere.b）介詞后不能用。例如：Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.我們依賴土地獲得食物。Wedependon（helandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2）只能用chat作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況a）在therebe句型中，只用that,不用which。b）在不定代詞,如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that,不用whichoIsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?All（hatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油問(wèn)題。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen（o（hepolice.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察c）先行詞有theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)，只用that。Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthatismissing.d）先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that。Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.e)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。例如：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.六.定語(yǔ)從句中只用which而不用that情況①當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)：Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.②引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只用Which。which可代表先行詞或者前句，譯成“這一點(diǎn)，這件事”。Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.Hisdog,whichwasveryold,becameill.③先行詞是that,those且指物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which(>What'sthatwhichwasbrightinthecar?④一個(gè)句子兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，為避免重復(fù)，一個(gè)用that,另一個(gè)用which。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.隨堂練習(xí)一.單句填空n1984,Dr.MaryGroda-Lewis,wasthirty-fiveyearsoldthen,graduatedwithhonorsandrealizedherdrcam.2.Hesaid,U...Iaddedasmallmoustache,wouldaddagewithouthidingmyexpression/'3.Theact,forbidstrading,waspassedin1448andisstillinforce.4.Ourofficewasn'tfarfromChinatown,IfoundsomeverygoodChineserestaurants..Asmoreandmorepeopleownprivatecars,parkinghasbecomeabigheadacheformanycarowners,especiallyfbrthoseliveindowntownareaswithoutenoughparkingspaces..No\vmillionsoffansareeagerlyawaitingitseighthandfinalseason,startsonApril14..AfterlivinginAustraliafbrmanyycars,Louisefinallyreturnedtothecountryshewasborn.8/rhcrcarcperhaps40millioncompetitivetabictennisplayersandmanyordinarypeopleplaylessseriously..Hewasagreatscientistandanextraordinarymanworkandlegacywillliveonfbrmanyyears..ThatisanOxfordcollege,famousgraduatesincludethelateBenazirBhutto.1l.Butit,snotlikemanyothercountriesthereseemstobetensionamongthedifferentcultures..Then,afire,brokeoutin1969onCleveland'sCuyahogaRiver,shedlightontheproblemofchemicalpollutioninwater..Pupils,usuallycomefromthefifthorsixthgrade,aredividedintodifferentteamsandtrytowritedowneverywordaccordingtoitspronunciation.14.1amalreadylookingforwardtotheirnextvisitIcanshowthemmoreofwhatSevilleoffers.二.單句改錯(cuò)15.ItwillbetenmonthsbeforeIattendtheCollegeEntranceExamination,thatmakesmeworried.16.1haveanAmericanfriend,Marianne,shelivesalonebuthasapctdog,Sparky.17.Intheyear2013whichIwas15,1joinedanexchangestudentprogram.18.It'sablacksquaresuitcase,whatisjustasbigasaschoolbag.19.WhenIwas12,ImetMary.ShecametoChinawithherparents,whomtaughtEnglishinauniversity.Therewasalime1IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedspeakingEnglish.Andthiswasthereason2_myfatherforcedmetojoinina30-day(raininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub,3Imetmanystrangers,!missedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately,myguide,4teacherwasYuMinhong,communicatedwithmefacetoface,from5_Igainedsomeusefulinstructions.Healsointroducedagoodpartnertome,andwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldtalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesofactivities6wedid.Ishouldbegratefultomyfatherand(heguide,7encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglish.NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglishjnto8Iputmyentireenergy.EverydayIreadmywordsandpassagesaloud.InclassIjoininEnglishdiscussions.BefbreIgotosleep.Irecallthepassages,through9Icanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords.10ourEnglishteachersays,“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance,youwillmasterEnglishsoonerorlater.”..9.10.Xiamen,1(lie)inFujianProvince,isafamouscoastalcity.AsfarasI'mconcerned,Xiamenisverycleanandpretty.Inthatcity,wecanenjoytheclearsky,thebeautifulsea,2greentropicalplants.3XiamenisinthesoutheastofChinaandclosetothesea,it'sneithertoocoldinwinternortoohotinsummer.ThebestseasonstogotoXiamenarebothspringandsummer.Besides,4aresomefamoustouristsitesinXiamen.AndthemostbeautifulscenicspotisGulangyuIsland.Wecanvisitforeignbuildings,nicegardens,beautifulparks,and(raditionalmuseumsthere.5weareinXiamen,6wecan'tmissistogotoGulangyuIsland,7wewon'thaveagoodtime.However,inrecentyears,Xiamenhasbecomealotmor