2023屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)：不定式課件 (共41張PPT)

不定式1.動(dòng)詞名詞化（主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)）2.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，獨(dú)立成分3.不定式的省略4.不定式的形式（否定式，時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)）不定式（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)To

love

is

to

be

loved.

愛別人就是被人愛。

To

teach

is

to

give.

教書就是奉獻(xiàn)。

注意：前后一致

Tips:(1)在口語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常用形式主語(yǔ)it，而真正的主語(yǔ)則被置于句子后部。

It

is

of

great

importance

to

solve

the

housing

problem.

解決住房問(wèn)題是很重要的。

It

will

take

me

three

hours

to

do

this

job.

干這個(gè)工作我花了三個(gè)小時(shí)。

Itis+adj.\n.+todosth.Itisnouse\good,notanyuse\good,uselessdoing

sth.(2)假如動(dòng)詞不定式要帶邏輯主語(yǔ)，則需用介詞of

或for來(lái)引導(dǎo)。

It's

good

for

me

to

have

a

talk

with

you.

我很高興和你交談。

It

is

cruel

of

man

to

kill

animals

in

such

a

casual

manner.

人類如此隨便地屠殺動(dòng)物，真是殘忍。區(qū)別：句型的轉(zhuǎn)換sbbe+adj.+todosth.能用于介詞of結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有：good,

nice,

kind,

bad,

cruel,

wicked,

clever,bright,

wise,

silly,

foolish,

stupid,

selfless,sensible,

selfish,

insensible,

polite,

fair,

generous,

rude,

unfair,

mean等。這些形容詞主要表示做這件事的人的品格或素質(zhì)。

能用于介詞for

結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有：important,

necessary,

impossible,

better,

worse,

easy,

difficult

heavy,

light等。

動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作賓語(yǔ)

只能接todo的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)

manage，afford，makeupone’smind等只能接doing的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)

admit,imagine,giveup,can’tstand等既能接todo又能接doing的動(dòng)詞，兩者的區(qū)別

forget,regret,stop,try,goon等注意allow,permit,forbid,advise,的用法Wedon’tallowstudentstosmoke.allowsb.todo

sth.Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.allowdoing

sth.動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ)

Myjobistohelpthepatient.特殊疑問(wèn)詞+不定式在句中起名詞的作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Wheretogoisnotdecided.動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（1）能夠帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：

make,keep,leave,have,find,see,notice等

Leave

him

to

do

it

himself.

讓他自個(gè)兒去做。

（2）在一些動(dòng)詞后，用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to

要省略掉。這類動(dòng)詞包括感官動(dòng)詞以及使役動(dòng)詞：feel,

observe,

see,

hear,

watch,

notice,

have,

make,

let

等。

I

heard

her

sing

a

song

in

thenext

room

yesterday.

我昨天聽見她在隔壁唱過(guò)一首歌。

I

had

John

fix

my

bike.

我讓約翰修理我的自行車（3）但如果句子為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）要帶to（let

除外）。She

was

heard

to

sing

a

song

in

the

next

room

yesterday

The

boy

was

made

to

go

to

bed

early.

這男孩被迫早上床睡覺。（4）有些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)常常是to

be，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：believe,consider,declare,imagine,know,prove,understand,find,suppose等

I

will

consider

him

to

be

an

honest

man.

我會(huì)認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。She

was

believed

to

be

innocent.

大家都相信她是清白的。

動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)需后置;與所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或主謂關(guān)系。（1）當(dāng)被修飾的名詞前有最高級(jí)，序數(shù)詞，the

only等強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)修飾時(shí)，或被修飾的詞是不定代詞如everything,

anything,

much,

little

等時(shí)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)則只能用動(dòng)詞不定式。

He

was

the

last

to

realize

the

importance

of

this

problem.

他沒有及時(shí)意識(shí)到問(wèn)題的重要性。

（主謂關(guān)系）（2）have…todo

Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.

（動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）（3）Therebe…Thereisalotofworktodo.（動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）（4）動(dòng)詞的搭配影響變成名詞之后的搭配

Idon’ttrusthispromisetocomeforavisit.

n.

promisetodosth.

v.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),后面需要跟介詞。

Mr.Brownhasabighousetolivein.Who

is

the

man

to

talk

to?

要談話的人是誰(shuí)？

He

is

a

tough

teacher

to

deal

with.

他是個(gè)很難對(duì)付的老師。

I

need

a

pen

to

write

with.

我需要一支筆寫字

動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)（1）目的狀語(yǔ)

He

called

to

say

goodbye.

他打電話來(lái)道別。

Tips：

▲如要表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，置于句首，則用短語(yǔ)in

ordertodo,

不能用so

astodo。In

order

to

catch

the

first

bus,

we

have

to

get

up

early.

為了趕上早班車，我們只得早起。

▲否定必須用in

order

not

todo或so

as

not

todo，不能用not

+

動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）。Let's

hurry

so

as

not

to

be

late

for

class.

咱們快點(diǎn)，免得上課遲到。（2）結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)

（表示出乎意料的結(jié)果）

We

rushed

to

the

railway

station

only

tofind

the

train

had

just

left.

我們匆匆趕到火車站，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車剛剛離開了。

He

studied

hard

only

to

fail.

他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但卻沒及格。

She

went

to

South

China

five

years

ago,

never

to

return.

她五年前去了華南，結(jié)果從未返回。

動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作獨(dú)立成分

動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）可以用來(lái)作句子的獨(dú)立成分。這些短語(yǔ)有：

to

begin

with（首先）,to

be

brief（簡(jiǎn)言之），to

tell

the

truth

（說(shuō)實(shí)在的）,

to

make

a

long

story

short（長(zhǎng)話短說(shuō)）,

to

be

exact（確切地說(shuō)）,

to

be

frank

（坦率地說(shuō)）,

to

conclude（總而言之）等。To

begin

with,

I'd

like

to

introduce

myself

to

you

all.

首先，我想給你們作一下自我介紹。

To

be

frank

with

you,

I

don't

love

you

any

more.

老實(shí)對(duì)你說(shuō)吧，我已經(jīng)不再愛你了。To

conclude,

energy

is

exhaustible,

so

we

have

to

preserve

it

for

our

future

generations.

總而言之，能量并不是用之不竭的，因此我們必須為后代保留一些。

動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作同位語(yǔ)

說(shuō)明被修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容

My

hope,

to

be

a

doctor,

has

been

realized.

我當(dāng)醫(yī)生的夢(mèng)想已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了。

His

wish,

to

land

on

the

moon,

will

hardly

come

true.

他登上月球的愿望很難成真動(dòng)詞不定式的省略動(dòng)詞不定式省略to

的各種用法

(1)在感官動(dòng)詞和使役的動(dòng)詞后面作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)see,heard,have,make,let等

(2)當(dāng)why,

why

not

表示建議時(shí)，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式省去to。Why

not

come

and

see

me?

何不到我這兒來(lái)？

Why

get

up

so

early?

為何起的這么早？

(3)在下面這些短語(yǔ)后面時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式省去to.

rather

than;

would

rather

…

than;had

better;

can't

(couldn't)

help

but;

can't

but

等

I'd

like

to

stay

at

home

rather

than

go

to

school.

我寧愿呆在家里，也不愿去上學(xué)。

He

would

rather

die

than

give

in.

他寧死不屈。

We'd

better

stop

arguing.

我們最好不要爭(zhēng)執(zhí)了。

We

can't

help

but

go

home

on

foot.

我們沒法子，只能步行回家。

(4)but和except

前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，其后充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的不定式要省略to

We

can

do

nothing

but

wait.

除了等待,我們別無(wú)他法。

She

can

do

everything

but

dance.

除了不會(huì)跳舞,她什么都行。

candonothingbutdosth.（別無(wú)選擇只能做）

havenothingtodobutdosth.havenochoicebuttodosth.

do

anything

\everythingbut\exceptdo

(5)由what

引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do或主語(yǔ)被定語(yǔ)從句修飾，而定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do

(did,

does)

時(shí),

作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）的to可省去。

The

most

important

thing

I

should

do

is

(to)

find

a

job.

對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)眼下最要緊的是找份工作。

What

he

must

do

now

is

(to)

apologize

to

his

teacher

for

being

late.

他現(xiàn)在必須做的是因遲到而向老師道歉。

All

I

can

do

is

(to)

cry.

除了哭，我別無(wú)法子。

(6)為避免重復(fù)，有時(shí)可用不定式的符號(hào)to來(lái)代替動(dòng)詞不定式。

---Would

you

like

to

have

some

coffee?

---Yes,

I'd

like

to.

If

you

don't

want

to

buy

it,

you

don't

need

to.

假如你不想買的話，你就不要買。

Tips：

▲可以這樣省略主要?jiǎng)釉~的動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有:hope

to,

agree

to,

be

willing

to,wantto,refuse

to,fail

to,manage

to,would

like

to,offer

to等。

▲在特定的上下文中,為了避免重復(fù),如果不定式為一般式tobe...或完成式tohavedone時(shí),則不定式符號(hào)to和be或have常一并保留。如:－Aren’tyoutheheadmaster?

你難道不是校長(zhǎng)嗎？－No,andIdon’twanttobe.

我不是,而且我也不想當(dāng)。－Hasn’thefinishedwritingthereport?

難道他還沒寫完報(bào)告嗎?

－No,butheoughttohave.

是的,但他本來(lái)應(yīng)該寫完。動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式

動(dòng)詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)由not

或never

加動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）構(gòu)成。

We

decided

not

to

go

there.

我們決定不去那兒了。

I

wished

never

to

see

him

again.

我希望永不再見到她。

The

background

music

in

an

assembly

line

is

designed

not

to

be

listened

to.

流水線里的背景音樂(lè)不是供人欣賞的。

動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

時(shí)態(tài)：

▲

動(dòng)詞不定式的一般式

表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生或?qū)⒃谄浜蟀l(fā)生。

They

are

learning

to

sing

and

dance.

他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)歌舞。

We

have

to

get

some

money

to

buy

a

TV

set.

我們得賺些錢來(lái)買臺(tái)電視機(jī)?！?/p>

動(dòng)詞不定式的進(jìn)行式

表示的動(dòng)作是與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的，而且正在進(jìn)行中。該結(jié)構(gòu)也常常和always,

constantly,

rapidly,

fast,

slowly等副詞連用。

The

weather

seems

to

be

improving.

天氣似乎在好轉(zhuǎn)。

He

seemed

always

to

be

washing

his

hands.

他好象老是在洗手。▲動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式

表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作之前。

I

am

pleased

to

have

seen

you.

見到了你，我很高興。

He

pretended

not

to

have

seen

me

when

passing

by

yesterday.

他昨天從我身邊經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)假裝沒看到我。

語(yǔ)態(tài)：

動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式

I

felt

a

little

bit

puzzled

to

be

asked

such

a

question.

被問(wèn)了這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題，我有點(diǎn)迷惑不解。

（被動(dòng)式的一般式）

This

infectious

disease

is

said

to

have

been

wiped

out

many

years

ago.

這種傳染病據(jù)說(shuō)好多年前就已經(jīng)滅絕了。

（被動(dòng)式的完成式）不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)的情況

(1)句型：S.+be

+

adj.

+

todo

作表語(yǔ)的某些形容詞被動(dòng)詞不定式修飾時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式與主語(yǔ)之間存在著邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞不定式可以用主動(dòng)式代替被動(dòng)式。

This

problem

is

difficult

to

solve.

這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難解決。

That

novel

is

easy

to

read.

那本小說(shuō)較容易讀。

Tips：

可以這樣用的形容詞有:fine,hard,heavy,nice,possible,important,strange,difficult,expensivepainful,pleasant,simple,easy,safe,convenientdangerous,

等(2)

there

+

be句型中

動(dòng)詞不定式可以用主動(dòng)式來(lái)表示被動(dòng)的含義。

There

are

a

lot

of

people

(for

me)

to

visit.

有好多人要拜訪。

There

is

much

work

to

do\tobedone.

有許多工作要做。

(3)have

+

賓語(yǔ)

+

todo

中

have

表示“有”，而不定式與賓語(yǔ)之間存在著邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，并且句子的主語(yǔ)是不定式動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式一般用主動(dòng)式。

I

have

a

lot

of

meetings

to

attend

this

week.

本周我有許多會(huì)議要參加。

區(qū)別：

Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed,sir?（句子的主語(yǔ)不是不定式動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者）

(4)在too…

to…,

enough

to

結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式總是用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

This

essay

is

too

difficult

to

read.

這篇文章很難讀。

This

problem

is

easy

enough

to

deal

with.

這個(gè)問(wèn)題處理起來(lái)很簡(jiǎn)單

(5)不定式做表語(yǔ)，主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義的短語(yǔ)有

to

blame,

to

let.

Who

is

to

blame?

誰(shuí)該受到責(zé)備？

The

house

is

to

let.

該房屋出租。

Exercise:1.

Helen

had

to

shout

____

above

the

sound

of

the

music.

A.

making

herself

hear

B.

to

make

herself

hear

C.

making

herself

heard

D.

to

make

herself

heard2.

Reading

is

an

experience

quite

different

from

watching

TV;

there

are

pictures

___

in

your

mind

instead

of

before

your

eyes.

A.

to

form

B.

form

C.

forming

D.

having

formed

3.

You

were

silly

not

___

your

car.

A.

to

lock

B.

to

have

locked

C.

locking

D.

having

locked

4.

I

don’t

know

whether

you

happen

____

that

I’m

going

to

study

in

the

U.

S.

A.

this

September.

A.

to

be

heard

B.

to

be

hearing

C.

to

hear

D.

to

have

heard5.

The

news

reporters

hurried

to

the

airport,

only___

the

film

stars

had

left.

A.

to

tell

B.

to

be

told

C.

telling

D.

told

6.

If

you

are

planning

to

spend

your

money

having

fun

this

week,

better

___

it--------—you’ve

got

some

big

bills

coming.

A.

forget

B.

forgot

C.

forgetting

D.

to

forget

7.

The

flu

is

believed

____

by

viruses

that

like

to

reproduce

in

the

cells

inside

the

human

nose

and

throat.

A.

cause

B.

being

caused

C.

to

be

caused

D.

to

have

caused

8.

Robert

is

said

________

abroad,

but

I

don’t

know

what

country

he

studied

in.

A.

to

have

studied

B.

to

study

C.

to

be

studying

D.

to

have

been

studying

9.

Robert

is

said

______

abroad,

but

I

don’t

know

what

country

he

studied

in.

A.

to

have

studied

B.

to

study

C.

to

be

studying

D.

to

have

been

studying

10.

I’ve

worked

with

child

before,

so

I

know

what

________

in

my

new

job.

A.

expected

B.

to

expect

C.

to

be

expecting

D.

expect

11.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen12.Thepoliteaskedthepassengersonboardtoremain_____astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating

13.

The

purpose

of

new

technology

is

to

make

life

easier,

____it

more

difficult.

A

.not

making

B.

not

make

C

.not

to

make

D.

nor

to

make

14.

An

army

spokesman

stressed

that

all

the

soldiers

had

been

ordered

_____clear

warnings

before

firing

any

shots.

A

.to

issue

B.

being

issued

C.

to

have

issued

D.

to

be

issued15.

The

bank

is

reported

in

the

local

newspaper_________

in

broad

daylight

yesterday.

A.

robbed

B.

to

have

been

robbed

C.

being

robbed

D.

having

been

robbed

16.

A

number

of

paintings

in

the

castle

are

believed

________in

a

fire.

A.

being

destroyed

B.

having

been

destroyed

C.

to

be

destroyed

D.

to

have

been

destroyed

17.

The

meeting