高中英語(yǔ)unit1語(yǔ)法直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)課件新人教版必修一

GrammarDirectandindirectspeech媽媽說(shuō):”杰克是個(gè)好工人“.Mothersaid:”Jackisagoodworker.”媽媽說(shuō)杰克是個(gè)好工人。MothersaidthatJackisagoodworker直接引語(yǔ)：間接引語(yǔ)Directspeech:Indirectspeech:一、如何變?nèi)朔Q(chēng)：

口訣：一隨主。二隨賓，第三不變。“一隨主”是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)或被第一人稱(chēng)所修飾。從句中的人稱(chēng)要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)變化如：She

said.

"My

brother

wants

to

goshopping

with

me.

”→She

said

her

brotherwanted

to

goshopping

with

her.

“二隨賓”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱(chēng)或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱(chēng)要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用第一人稱(chēng)，如：

He

said

to

Kate.

"How

is

your

sister

now?”→He

asked

Kate

how

her

sister

was

then。

“第三人稱(chēng)不更新”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)或被第三人稱(chēng)所修飾從句中的人稱(chēng)一般不需要變化如：

Mr.

Smith

said,“Jack

is

a

good

boy.”→Mr.

Smith

said

Jack

was

a

good

boy.二.時(shí)態(tài)的變化：1.當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不變。1)Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”變?yōu)椋篠heoftensaysthatallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.2)“Youdidverywell,”IhavejusttoldTom.變?yōu)椋篒havejusttoldTomthathedidverywell.Shewillsay,“I'lldoittomorrow.”→Shewillsaythatshe'lldoitthenextday.2.主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)①.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變一般過(guò)去時(shí)：

Thegirlsaid,“I'msorryforbeinglateforclass.”

→Thegirlsaidthatshewassorryforbeinglateforclass.②.一般過(guò)去時(shí)變過(guò)去完成時(shí)：

Hesaidtome,“Imetyourfather.”

→Hetoldmethathehadmetmyfather.1).時(shí)態(tài)需要變化的是：③.一般將來(lái)時(shí)變過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：

Shesaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”

→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.④.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變過(guò)去完成時(shí)：

Shesaid.“Ihavelostapen.”

→Shesaidthatshehadlostapen⑤.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：

Shesaidtome,“I’mstudyingJapanesethesedays.”

→ShetoldmethatshewasstudyingJapanesethosedays.注意：下列情況時(shí)態(tài)不變。1不變的真理。Theteachersaidtothestudents,”Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelowzero.”改為：Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelowzero.2.有具體的過(guò)去年月日：

XiaoWangsaid.“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”

→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,19803.經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣。Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.4.歷史事件。Theteachersaid,”WorldWarIIendedin1945.”TheteachersaidthatWorldWarIIendedin1945.”5.部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等。Shesaidtome,”Youmusthurryup.”ShesaidthatImusthurryup.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)的形式（oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)或已經(jīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)的形式時(shí)(could,should,would,might)：

Petersaid.“Youhadbettercomehavetoday.”

→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.Hesaid,“IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix.”

→Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.6.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：Shesaid,“TheyhadleftwhenIarrivedthere.”→Shesaidtheyhadleftwhenshearrivedthere.7.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：

Jacksaid,“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?”

→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.8.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(表示所述事實(shí)在當(dāng)時(shí)和目前同樣生效)：Hesaid,“I’maboy,notagirl.”

→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.四、如何變句型：

①直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

She

said,

"Our

bus

will

arrive

in

five

minutes.“→She

said

that

their

bus

would

arrive

in

five

minutes.

②直接引語(yǔ)如果是反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.He

said,

"Can

you

swim,

John?“

→He

asked

John

if

he

could

swim。

“Do

you

go

to

school

by

bus

or

by

bike?”

→He

asked

me

if

I

went

to

school

by

bus

or

by

bike.③直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)該改為由疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序）。

She

asked

me,

"When

do

they

have

their

dinner?”→

She

asked

me

when

they

had

their

dinner.She

asked

me,

"What

wasJackdoingwhenIcomein?”→She

asked

mewhat

Jackwasdoingwhenshecamein.④直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為“Tell(ask,

order,

beg等)

sb

(not)

to

do

sth.”句型

。如：1."Don't

make

any

noise,"

theteacher

said

to

the

students.

→She

told

(ordered)

the

students

not

to

make

any

noise.

2.“Openthedoor,

please,"

said

she.→She

asked

him

to

openthedoor.⑤直接引語(yǔ)如果是以“Let's”開(kāi)頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用“suggest

+動(dòng)句詞（或從句）”如：

He

said,

"Let's

go

to

the

movies."

→He

suggested

going

to

the

movies.或He

suggested

that

they

should

go

to

see

the

movies.

Summary1當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句：由(that)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)（said)that+句子（時(shí)態(tài)往過(guò)去推told2當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句:用if引導(dǎo)whether主語(yǔ)（asked)if+一般疑問(wèn)句(主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）whether竅門(mén)（do/does/did去掉）（be/can/may/must/will/should放主語(yǔ)后）

3.當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)（what/where等）主語(yǔ)asked+what特殊疑問(wèn)句（主謂）where4當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句時(shí)用句型：主語(yǔ)+toldsb(not)todosthaskedorderedchangethedirectspeechintoreportedspeech1Thegirlsaid,“Iwillhaveaparty.”Thegirlsaid(that)shewouldhaveaparty.2Heaskedme,“Isyourfatheradoctor?”Heaskedmeif/whethermyfatherwasadoctor.3Thepoliceaskedtheman,“Whereareyougoing?”Thepoliceaskedthemanwherehewasgoing.4MothersaidtoTom,“getupearlier!”Mothertold/askedTomtogetupearlier.5Theteachersaidtous,“Don`ttalkinclass!”Theteachertold

/askedusnottotalkinclass.6Theteachersaid,“Themoongoesaroundtheearth.”Theteachersaid(that)themoongoesaroundtheearth.記?。褐甘敬~、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞this,thesethat,those時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowtodayyesterdaytomorrowthisweeknextweek...thenthatdaythedaybeforethenextdaythatweek...thenextweek地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)herethere動(dòng)詞comego由直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ),下列代詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等可能要變化。直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthat/thisthose/thesethenbeforethatday/today/yesterday(the)nextday直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)thedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaygobringhereintwodays’timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforecome/gobring/takethere/here三.代詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞的變化。thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaygobringherethat/thisthose/thesethenbeforethatday/todaythenextdayintwodays’timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforecome/gobring/takethere/here指示代詞變化1).this---that

Hesaid,“Iwantthis.”→Hesaidthathewantedthat.2).these---those

Hesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."→Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.△(如果轉(zhuǎn)述發(fā)生在當(dāng)天、當(dāng)?shù)氐氖?，引語(yǔ)中的(come,here,today,thismorning,yesterday,tomorrow)等不必改變：

Bob’swifesaid,“Bob,youforgotyourwalletthismorning.”

→Bob’swifetoldBobthatheforgothiswalletthismorning.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)變化1).now---then

Hesaid,“Iamverybusynow.”

→Hesaidhewasverybusythen.2).today---thatday

Kittysaid“I’llcallagainaftersuppertoday.”

→Kittysaidshewouldcallagainaftersupperthatday.3).tonight---thatnight

Shesaid,“Iwillcomehereagaintonight.”

→Shesaidshewouldgothereagainthatnight.4).thisweek(month,etc)---thatweek(month,etc)

“Iwilltakethedictionaryhomewithmethisweek,”hesaid.

→Hesaidthathewouldtakethedictionaryhomewithhimthatweek.5).yesterday---thedaybefore

Hesaid,“Iboughtabikeyesteray.”

→Hesaidthathehadboughtabikethedaybefore.6).yestersaymorning---themorningbefore

Hesaid,“Iarrivedyesterdaymorning.”

→Hesaidhehadarrivedthemorningbefore.7).thedaybeforeyesterday---twodaysbefore

Hesaid,“Isawafilmthedaybeforeyesteray.”

→Hesaidthathehadseenafilmtwodaysbefore.8).lastweek(month,etc)---theweek(month,etc)before

Shesaid,“HeleftforShanghailastweek.”

→ShesaidthathehadleftforShanghaitheweekbefore.9).tomorrow---thenext(following)day

Shesaid,“I'lldoittomorrow.”

→Shesaidthatshewoulddoitthenextday.10).tomorrowmorning---thenext(following)morning

Shesaid,“Mysisterwillbebacktomorrowmorning.”

→Shesaidthathersisterwouldbebackthenextmorning.11).thedayaftertomorrow---intwodays’time

Shesaidtome,“IwillvisitShanghaithedayaftertomorrow.”

→ShetoldmethatshewouldvisitShanghaiintwodays’time.12).nextweek(month,etc)---thenext(following)week(month,etc)

Heasked,“Whereisshegoingnextweek?”

→Heaskedherwhereshewasgoingthenextweek.13).a/oneyear(twoyears)ago---a/oneyear(twoyears)before

“Whathappenedtohertwoyearsago?”heasked.

→Heasked(her)whathadhappenedtohertwoyearsbefore.5.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)變化1).here---there

如：

Hesaid,“I’llcomeheretonight.”

→Hesaidhewouldgotherethatnight.△如果轉(zhuǎn)述發(fā)生在當(dāng)天、當(dāng)?shù)氐氖?，引語(yǔ)中的here不必改變：6.動(dòng)詞變化1).bring---take

Hesaid,“Iwillbringthedictionarytoyoutonight.”

→Hesaidthathewouldtakethedictionarytomethatnight.2).come---go

Petersaid.“Youhadbettercomeheretoday.”

→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.3).can---could

Tomsaid,“Icanswimacrossthisriver.”

→Tomsaidthathecouldswimthatriver.4).may---might

MarysaidtoJim,“Youmaygohomenow.”

→MarytoldJimthathemightgohomethen.5).must---hadto(wouldhaveto)

如：

“Youmuststayinbedforafewdays,”saidthedoctor.

→ThedoctortoldmethatIhadtostayinbedforafewdays.△如果轉(zhuǎn)述發(fā)生在當(dāng)天、當(dāng)?shù)氐氖?，引語(yǔ)中的come不必改變：Practicemakesperfect!改錯(cuò)：1.JohnsaidthatheisgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.2.HetoldmethathehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.3.TheteachertoldmethatImustpaymoreattentiontohispronunciation.4.Hesaidthesebookswerehis.5.Shesaidthatshewouldgothisevening6.Hesaidthathewaswashinghisclothesnow.7.ShetoldmethatshewasstudyingJapanesthesedays.答案：1.is---was

2.has---had

3.his---my

4.these---those

5.this---that

6.now---then

7.these---thoseExercise1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______mettheday______.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.heatetoldhadfoundhisshehadtakenrisesgoestoldhadbeforehadbeforehadthere8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.14.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldme______________himthenews.15.“Areyouintestedinthis?”hesaid.He____________Iwasinterestdin______.ifa