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事實細節(jié)詞義猜測推理判斷主旨概括901012010年高考英語浙江卷閱讀理解考點分析事實細節(jié)詞義猜測推理判斷主旨概括65722011年高考英語浙江卷閱讀理解考點分析Readingcomprehension1、細節(jié)理解題(questionsofdetails)2、主旨歸納題(mainidea)3、詞義猜測題(wordsincontext)4、推理判斷題(questionsofinference)詞義猜測題常見問題形式有(1)Theword“…”inLine…means/canbebestreplacedby…(2)Asusedinthepassage,thephrase“…”suggests…(3)Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase“…”is/refersto…(4)Theword“…”isclosestinmeaningto…1.Definition定義法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast對比法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例舉法8.CommonSense普通常識

6.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義7.Context上下文

1.Definition定義法：

一般通過定義、定語從句或同位語從句來確定詞義。信號詞：be,becalled,means,thatistosay,bedefinedas,who,which和that引導的從句.Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.蚊子木匠2.Contrast對比法：

利用文中的反義詞以及表對比關(guān)系的詞（組）猜測詞義。信號詞：but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof,onthecontrary,incontrastto..

Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quickly

A(v.不同意)Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormous

task,thatis,thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.巨大的;極大的)3.Similarity相似法：利用同義詞、近義詞或詞組猜測詞義。信號詞:and,or,like,as…as,thesameas,

thatis(tosay).4.CauseandEffect因果法：從原因推測結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推測原因。信號詞:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,thanksto,owingto.◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.

◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong精明的修剪5.Example例舉法：利用文中的舉例猜測詞義。常見的舉例的提示詞有forinstance,forexample,suchas等。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,

forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.電器用具)6.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法：中學英語中常見的前綴和后綴有：super-(超)mini-(極小的,微小的)micro-（極微小的）re-（再，反復）mis-（誤，惡）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，無）-wards(向)supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的)

homelessnonsmoker(無家可歸的)rebuildeastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非煙民)(發(fā)錯音)(向東)7.Context

上下文：利用語境及前后的提示來猜測詞義。

BritonAlexNewman,alecturerininternationalbusinessatNottinghamUniversityBusinessSchoolinNingbo,Zhejiang,saidinthearticlethatthereisasayingintheWestthat"thefirstgenerationbuildsthebusiness,thesecondmakesitasuccessandthethirdwrecksit."

Theunderlinedword“wrecks”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans

A.rebuildsB.restoresC.destroysD.neglects8.Commonsense

普通常識：根據(jù)普通常識和生活經(jīng)驗來猜測詞義。Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.麻醉劑(藥)根據(jù)近年來高考閱讀理解猜詞趨勢1．猜測熟詞新含義例1:Themajormarketforcerestsinthegrowingpopulationofwhitecollaremployees(白領(lǐng)雇員)，whocanaffordthenewservice.

例2:“Itwasthebestnightwehadeverhad”,saidAngelaCarraro,whorunsanItalianrestaurant.猜測熟詞含義除了要求同學們有較強的語境分析能力外，還要求同學們有較寬的知識面，對常見有新含義的熟詞要弄清其用法，并將這些詞進行簡要歸納整理。

2．猜測詞性變換新詞含義

Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago，howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?

利用熟詞的新詞性來抽象詞義，關(guān)鍵應在理解原詞的基礎(chǔ)上，分析它的新詞性，并結(jié)合原詞含義發(fā)揮合理想象，從而概括抽象出它的新詞義。猜詞能力3.絕對詞否決法:答案項中有絕對語氣詞的一般不是正確答案項。這些語氣詞有:must,always,never,themost,all,only,haveto,any,no,very,completely,none,hardly等。4.懷疑詞判斷法：選項中含有不十分肯定的語氣詞一般是正確答案項。這些語氣詞有can,could,may,should,usually,might,most(大多數(shù)),moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,possible,whetheror,notnecessarily等。選項中照抄原文的一般不是答案項，而同義替換的一般是選項。猜答案能力5.鍋蓋法：較全面、有針對性地表達文章中心思想的，選項一般是答案項。

A.tobemoresuccessfulinhiscareerB.tosolvetechnicalproblemsC.tobemorespecializedinhisfieldD.todevelophisprofessionalskillB“解決技術(shù)問題”；C“深化專業(yè)”；D“發(fā)展職業(yè)技能”。這三項表達的意思都比較具體，而A項則概括地有深度，包括了B、C、D三項內(nèi)容。選項中表達意義較具體的、膚淺的（字面意思）一般不是答案項，而概括性的、抽象的、含義深刻的是答案項。猜答案能力questionsofinference推理判斷題1.Wecaninfer(推斷)fromthepassagethat___.2.Thestorysuggests(暗示)that_______.3.Wecanconclude(得出結(jié)論)fromthepassagethat____.4.Whichofthefollowingmight/probablyhappenedlater?5.Fromthepassagewecantell/learn______.6.Thewrimanyarereluctanttotakeover,preferringtostarttheirowncompaniesterofthepassageconsidersit_______.7.Whichofthefollowingindicates/implies____?1:推斷短語或句子的意思(意思要靠推斷得出，而不是從原文照搬,

)提問方式有：However,therearealsoplentyofsuccessstories,saidNewman.“Manyofthemareverystudious,workinghardfortheirfamilybusiness.”Healsosaidthat“manyarereluctanttotakeover,preferringtostarttheirowncompanies.”“Thenewgenerationhastoinnovate,todevelopnewindustries,especiallyservicesectors.”

（必修１限時訓練必修１unit4).Fromthesentencewecantell/learn______.A.Allthewealthysecondgenerationarenoteagertotakeovertheirparents‘sbusiness.B.Notthewealthysecondgenerationareeagertotakeovertheirparents‘sbusiness.C.Noneofthewealthysecondgenerationareeagertotakeovertheirparents‘sbusiness.D.Allthewealthysecondgenerationareeagertotakeovertheirparents‘sbusiness.all..notnot…allnoneof英語中的部分否定（即不完全否定）有如下一些表示方法：

一、all的否定式：notall…（或：all…not）表示并非都……、不是所有的都……

二、both的否定式：not…both(或：both…not)并非兩個……都……

三、every…的否定式：

every…not(not..every)不是每……都……2:推斷文中人物觀點、情感、態(tài)度、

提問方式有：

1)Theauthorseemstothinkthat______.

2)Thewriteristryingtopresentapointofviewin______.

3)Theauthorwantstoappealto_______.

4)Theauthor’sstyleis______.

5)Theauthor’stonewouldbebestdescribedas_______.

6)Whatistheauthor’sopinionof______?7)Thewriterbelievethat________?8)Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinthepassage?9）Intheauthor'sopinion_________?

TheboomingindustryofferingcoursestogroomheirsofChina‘ssuper-richshowsthattheserags-to-richesparentsareworriedtheirspoiledchildrenwon’tbeabletotakeoverbecausetheseso-calledwealthysecondgenerationlackstheabilitytoendurehardshipandputthingsintopractice,saidanarticleinUSATodayonJuly15.（限時訓練必修１unit4)A.positiveB.negativeC.indifferent D.pessimisticGenerallyspeaking,people’sattitudetowards“wealthysecondgeneration’’are

一贊同１．positiveadj.肯定的２．favorableadj.贊成的,有利３．a(chǎn)pprovaln.贊成,承認4．supportive

adj.支持的二否定１．negativeadj.否定的,消極的２．disapproval不贊成３critical批評的三．objectiveadj.客觀的

四．subjectiveadj.主觀的

五．optimisticadj.樂觀的六．pessimistic悲觀的

七．懷疑１．suspiciousadj.懷疑的２．doubtfuladj.疑心的３．puzzlingadj.迷惑的八．中立/折中

１．neutraladj.中立的２．impartialadj.不偏不倚的３.compromisingn.妥協(xié),折衷４.moderateadj.中等的3．數(shù)據(jù)事實推斷：這種推斷常常針對某一個或幾個具體細節(jié)。例題：HousepricesinEnglandwentupquickly.ThefollowingpricesshowhowmuchahouseinChesea–Londonhadriseninpricesince1955.TakeNO.29SmithTerranceforexample.In1955,JaneGreysolditfor$2000.MrsBownaBlackitnestfor$4900andsolditfouryearslatertoBillandGreenWhitefor$22950.Nowsevenyearslater,in1972,thepriceofthehouseis$30000.Thepriceofthehousewas______ashighin1972asintheyearJaneGreysoldit.A.abouttentimesB.twiceC.150percentD.fifteentimes

4．邏輯結(jié)論：這類推斷比前兩種困難得多。在閱讀過程中，讀者必須對文章的全部事實或細節(jié)作通盤考慮，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論。結(jié)論是根據(jù)事實作出的惟一決定。要想從一個句子，一個段落或一篇文章中得出正確的結(jié)論，讀者必須學會善于思考，不斷提高自己的邏輯思維能力。例Haveyoueverheardofasportcalledtubing?Hundredsofpeoplefloatdownarushingriveratonceinoldtruck-tiretubes.Sometimesmanyholdhands.Atfirsttherideisbumpyandfrightful,forthenarrowriverrushesswiftly.Thentheriverwidensandgrowscalm.Nevertrytubingaloneorinrapids,however.Thestorysuggeststhattubing________.A.shouldnotbedoneinmovingwaterB.isdonemainlybytruckdriversC.costsalotofmoneyD.canbedangerous推斷題1.解推斷題應注意：

(1)不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點；(2)推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文。2.解推斷題的方法：

解推斷題最主要的方法是根據(jù)詞義關(guān)系推斷具體細節(jié)。

Inquiry-basedActivities

探究活動

Passage1.Shesmiled.Itwasanicesmile—warmandreassuring—andIretunedhergiftbysmilingback.(2009浙江卷，A篇)

42.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hergift”(Paragraph2)referto?A.Herwords.B.Hersmile.C.Herflowers.D.Herpoliteness.Passage2.Evenourfathersdroppedtheirtoolsandjoinedus.Ourmotherstooktheirturn,laughinglikeschoolgirls.Ithinkwewereallbesideourselves.Parentsforgottheirdutyandtheirdignity;childrenforgottheireverydayfightsandlittlejealousies.“Perhapsit’slikethisinthekingdomofheaven,”Ithoughtconfusedly.（２０１１浙江省高考卷D篇）

57.By“wewereallbesideourselves’’writer

meansthattheyall________.feltconfusedB.wentwildwithjoyC.lookedonD.forgottheirfightsPassage3

TensofthousandsofbabypenguinsfacestarvationaftertwogianticebergsbrokeofftheAntarcticicesheetandblockedtheirparents’roadtothefeedingareas.AdelineandemperorpenguinsnestingontheRossislandrookeriesarenowforcedtowalklongdistancesovertheicebergstoobtainfoodfortheirchicks,bornduringtheNovember-Decemberbreedingseason.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obtain”probablymean?A.eatB.getC.sellD.buyBPassage4

Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameDPassage5

Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(參議院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler

shouldleavethecountryforever.

Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping

BPassage6

Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.challengingBPassage7

Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.

Theword“jeopardize”means_____inthistext.A.protectB.endangerC.continueD.stopBPassage8

Afterafour-yearrelationshipwithamajorfortune100companybeginningasasalestraineeandendingasaregionalsalesmanager,Ileftthecompanyattheheightofmycareer.ManypeoplewereastoundedthatIwouldleaveafterearningasix-figureincome.AndtheyaskedwhyIwouldriskeverythingforadream.

Theunderlinedword“astounded”means____.A.verysadB.verysorryC.verypleasedD.greatlysurprisedDTIPSPutyourselfinthewriter’sshoes!Homework:運用今天所學到的解題方法，完成印發(fā)的猜測詞義練習。

Thankyou3．數(shù)據(jù)事實推斷：這種推斷常常針對某一個或幾個具體細節(jié)。例題：HousepricesinEnglandwentupquickly.ThefollowingpricesshowhowmuchahouseinChesea–Londonhadriseninpricesince1955.TakeNO.29SmithTerranceforexample.In1955,JaneGreysolditfor$2000.MrsBownaBlackitnestfor$4900andsolditfouryearslatertoBillandGreenWhitefor$22950.Nowsevenyearslater,in1972,thepriceofthehouseis$30000英國的房價上漲得很快.以下的價格展示了在倫敦的Chesea一所房子的價格，自1955年以來是如何上漲的.就拿住在29號的特倫斯·史密斯來說吧，在1955年，簡·格雷以2000美元的價格出售它，布朗一家買這座房子時花了4900美元，而四年后賣給比爾和格林一家時漲到了22950美元?，F(xiàn)在，7年后，在1972年，房子的價格漲到了30000美元答案D。如果只看完第六段就做此題的話，很容易誤選D，因為此段中大人小孩玩得很瘋，很多學生很容易先入為主，想當然地表達“父母應該多陪孩子”的思想。但是我們看第七段，“Thestrangethingwas,wedidn’tmentionthatdayafterwardIfeltalittleembarrassed.SurelynoneoftheoftheothershadbeenasexcitedasI.”作者認為，只有他一個人還記得當初那個放風箏的美好時刻，而其他人都忘記了，所以選D。59.答案B。原本這位母親用各種借口來推脫孩子想去外面玩的要求，但是當母親的母親回憶起當日那個放風箏的日子時，往日美好的場景開始充斥這位母親的思緒，所以她欣然答應外出。60.答案A。第七段作者覺得只有自己還封存著那個美好的餓回憶，自己是孤單的，但是這個從戰(zhàn)場回來的男孩，卻也是靠著那個美好的回憶在戰(zhàn)俘營中生存了下來，所以A，作者不是一個人在珍惜那段記憶。Tomsawan

owlinatreelastnight．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astarTomsawan

owllastnight．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astarTomsawan

owlinatreelastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astarAABCAB(n.

貓頭鷹)3）Thechildrenarelookingatanape.A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairyapeatthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdAABC.AC(n.

猿)Evenourfathersdroppedtheirtoolsandjoinedus.Ourmotherstooktheirturn,laughinglikeschoolgirls.Ithinkwewereallbesideourselves.Parentsforgottheirdutyandtheirdignity;childrenforgottheireverydayfightsandlittlejealousies.“Perhapsit’slikethisinthekingdomofheaven,”Ithoughtconfusedly.

Thestrangethingwas,wedidn’tmentionthatdayafterward.Ifeltalittleembarrassed.SurelynoneoftheothershadbeenasexcitedasI.Ilockedthememoryupinthatdeepestpartofmewherewekeep“thethingsthatcannotbeandyettheyare.”（２０１１浙江省高考卷D篇）58.Whatdidhethinkafterthekite-flying?A.Theboysmusthavehadmorefunthanthegirls.B.Theyshouldhavefinishedtheirworkbeforeplaying.C.Herparentsshouldspendmoretimewiththem.D.AlltheothersmusthaveforgottenthatdayEvenourfathersdroppedtheirtoolsandjoinedus.Ourmotherstooktheirturn,laughinglikeschoolgirls.Ithinkwewereallbesideourselves.Parentsforgottheirdutyandtheirdignity;childrenforgottheireverydayfightsandlittlejealousies.“Perhapsit’slikethisinthekingdomofheaven,”Ithoughtcon