高三英語(yǔ)人教版復(fù)習(xí)資(語(yǔ)法篇)

GRAMMAR

Contents

總綱（1.句子成分2.句子種類3.數(shù)詞4.主謂一致5.插入語(yǔ)）（Page4）

專項(xiàng)一冠詞（Page6）

專項(xiàng)二代詞（Page9）

專項(xiàng)三形容詞與副詞（Page12）

專項(xiàng)四名詞與介詞（Page16）

專項(xiàng)五動(dòng)詞（Page18）

專項(xiàng)六時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)（Page20）

專項(xiàng)七非謂（ing分詞,ed分詞，不定式）（Page25）

專項(xiàng)八情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣（Page27）

專項(xiàng)九名詞從句和定語(yǔ)從句（Page31）

專項(xiàng)十連詞（Page34）

專項(xiàng)■一特殊句型（Page37）

專項(xiàng)十二交際（Page38）

總綱

（一）Partsofsentences（句子成分）

尸.主語(yǔ)Iloveyou.（主語(yǔ)從句）

2.謂語(yǔ)Hewentaway.

3.賓語(yǔ)Iloveyou.（賓語(yǔ)從句）

4.表語(yǔ)Heisateacher.（表語(yǔ)從句）

句子成分＞5.補(bǔ)語(yǔ),-賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Heaskedmetoleave.

L主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Iwasaskedtoleave.

6定.語(yǔ)Heisagoodteacher.（定語(yǔ)從句）

7狀.語(yǔ)Hewentabroadyesterday.（狀語(yǔ)從句）

8同.位語(yǔ)Mr.Lee,ourteacher,iscoming.（同位語(yǔ)從句）

.插入語(yǔ)Bytheway,hewillgotoschool.

（二）Kindsofsentences（句子種類）

i.簡(jiǎn)單句（五^種構(gòu)成方式）

1.主謂（主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞）

Theydancedhappily.

2.主謂賓（主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)）

MLGreenboughtsomefoodfromthesupermarket.

3.主系表（主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)）（必須記住五組連系動(dòng)詞）

Theyareallgreatscientists.

4.主謂雙賓（主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）

wish,offer,promise,owe,envy,pay,cost,give,pass,lend,

send,show,teach,tell,buy,get,hand,read,write,sing

Iwishyouahappynewyear.

⑴間接賓語(yǔ)后置，我們可以通過(guò)加入介詞(t。或for)來(lái)將間接賓語(yǔ)后置。

Pleaselendmesomemoney.=Pleaselendsomemoneytome.

Momboughtthebabyacomputer.=Momboughtacomputerforthebaby.

(2)當(dāng)兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)都是代詞時(shí)，通常將間接賓語(yǔ)后置。Giveittome.

注意：以下結(jié)構(gòu)不屬于雙賓

(1)explain,describe,introduce,complain,say,whisper,murmurtosb.sth.

(2)rob,warn,remind,informsb.ofsth.

(3)expectsth.ofsb.

5.主謂賓賓補(bǔ)(主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)))

(1)形容詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)使

makesb.ill,drivesb.mad,getsth.dirty,leavesth.open,cutsth.short,tearsth.open,

keepsb.busy,findsth.beautiful,shootsth.dead,think(believe)sth.(tobe)good

Hethrewthefoxtothegrounddead.

(2)名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):make(leave/choose/elect/call/name)+n.+n

Ican'tunderstandwhypeopleelectedhimPresident.

(3)非謂做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)只須記住感觀動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)

H.并列句：兩個(gè)或以上簡(jiǎn)單句用以下四種方法連接

1.并歹U連詞(and,so,or,but,yet)rHeisyoung,andheisgood.

%Make)Greaterefforts,andyouwillsucceed

2.分號(hào)：Heisyoung;heisgood.

3.——:Trysomeofthisjuice-perhapsyou'lllikeit.

4.兩個(gè)插入語(yǔ)rforexample：Ihavemanygoodfriends,forexample,Tomisoneofthem,

^thatis：Heseldomhelpsothers,thatis,heissoselfish.

in.主從復(fù)合句：兩個(gè)或以上簡(jiǎn)單句用從句連詞連接。

Imadeapromisethatifhecame,Iwouldbeathim.

IV并列復(fù)合句：

Hehastoworkhard,andifhedoesn'tworkhard,hisparentswillcry.

(三)Numeral(數(shù)詞)

「1.普通分?jǐn)?shù)onethird,twothirds,ahalf,aquarter,3quarters+of

I.分?jǐn)?shù)y2.百分?jǐn)?shù)thirtypercent+of百分之三十的

-3.具體分?jǐn)?shù)oneinfour=oneoutoffour四個(gè)中的一個(gè)

.確定基數(shù)詞：one,two,three...

(1)threeboys(2)threeofus(3)threeofmystudents

2.不確定基數(shù)詞：many,few,afew,several,little,alittle,some,any...

H.基數(shù)詞I(1)manyboys(2)manyofthem(3)manyofmystudents

3.單位基數(shù)詞dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million,billion

(1)threedozeneggs,manydozeneggs

(2)threedozenoftheeggs,manydozenofthoseeggs

、(3)dozensof,scoresof,tensof,millionsof,billionsof,tensofthousandsof

III.序數(shù)詞：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth,twentieth,hundredth(用法見冠詞)

IV.數(shù)詞短語(yǔ)

-(l)everyfewdays每?jī)禾?/p>

1.頻率42)everyotherday=everytwodays=everysecondday每?jī)商?每隔一天)

^(3)everythreedays=everythirdday每一:天(每隔兩天)

r(1)enough>plentyof+Ns/Nu

2.許多J(2)lotsof=alotof=amassof=massesof=aquantityof=quantitiesof+Ns/Nu

(3)anumberof=agood(great)many=many+Ns=manya+Nc

(4)agreatdealof=anamountof=amountsof+Nu

3.越來(lái)越多的anincreasingnumberof=agrowingnumberof=moreandmore

4.各種各樣的avarietyof=differentkindsof+Ns/Nu

5.大多數(shù)的themajorityof=most(ofthe)+Ns/NuH少數(shù)的theminorityof+Ns/Nu

V.英語(yǔ)沒有量詞onhisfirstvisittoChina

(四)Agreement(主謂一致)

rl.bothAandB:Bothtimeandtidewaitfornoman.

I.AandBJ2.表示兩個(gè)人，物或事:WhatIloveandwhatIhatearenoneofyourbusiness.

Ir(l)Thefamoussingeranddanceriscoming.

0表示一個(gè)人,物或事y(2)Every(each/no)boyandevery(each/no)girlisgood.

L⑶Whenandwheretomeetisnotdecided.

ILA介B以A為主：Heaswellashisfriendsisgoingabroad.

III.畫]單獨(dú)做主語(yǔ)jd.指人：Allbutonewereherejustnow.

.指物：Allhehasdoneisright.

IV.集體名詞11.強(qiáng)調(diào)整體：Myclassisagoodone.

L2.強(qiáng)調(diào)人：Myclassaresingingasong.

|audience,crew,crowd,population,family,class,group,team,

V.二合一名詞,1.單獨(dú)做主語(yǔ)：Mytrousersarenew.

^2.有apairof以pair為主：ApairofnewglassesiswhatIwant.

〔compasses,trousers,glasses,scissors,chopsticks]

VI.單復(fù)同形的名詞rl.Everymeanshasbeentriedtopreventpollution.

、2.Allmeanshavebeentriedtopreventpollution.

卜Tieans,cattle,species,sheep,deer,fish|

VII.the+形容詞或分詞表示一類:Theoldarewise.

(theold,thedying垂死者,theemploying雇傭者,theemployed被雇傭者)

(thepolice,theChinese,theEnglish,theFrench)

Vin.分?jǐn)?shù)和therestof以中心名詞為主：Therestofthestudentsarefondofcomputergames.

r1.Therebe:Thereisabookandtwopensonthedesk.

IX.靠近原則《2.平行詞組：NotonlyTombutalsohisparantsarekindtome(either..or../neither...nor.../whether...or.../).

13.AorB:Oneboyorhisfriendsaretocome.

r1.Onehundredyearsisalongtime.

X.Time/Money/Distance-s2.Onemilliondollarsisalargesum.

U3.Twothousandmilesisalongway.

XI.倒裝句要認(rèn)準(zhǔn)主語(yǔ)j1.Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.

、2.Whatheneedsismoremoney,whilewhatIneedaremorebooks.

XII.固定詞組

r(1)Oneofhisbooksisverygood.

1.oneof《(2)HeisoneoftheboyswholikeEnglish.(定語(yǔ)從句)

L(3)Heisthe(only)oneoftheboyswholikesEnglish.(定語(yǔ)從句)

r(1)aquantityofNs/Nu+is,largequantitiesofNs/Nu+are

2.數(shù)量y(2)anumberof+Ns+are,thenumberof+Ns+is

L(3)anamountofNu+is,largeamountsofNu+are

3.oneandahalfapples+is=oneappleandahalf+is

4.morethanone+is

5.manyaboy+is

6.weeach+are=eachofus+is

7.加減乘除算式+is

8The2008OlympicGamesaretobeheldinBeijing.

9.Thiskind(sort/type)ofmanisgood.=Menofthiskind(sort/type)aregood.

10.Mycollectionofstampsisverywonderful.

(五)插入語(yǔ)

1.(much/greatly)toone'ssurprise=toone's(great)surprise(shock,joy,delight,knowledge)

2.否貝ijotherwise=orelseWor(連詞)

3.然而neverthelessWwhile(連詞)

4.因此therefore=thus=asaresult7^(and)so(連詞)

5.但是however=stilb?though|W無(wú)論如何［anyway二anyhow=regardless|

6.就我所能/知/見so(as)farasIcan/know/see;就…而言so(as)farassb./sth.isconcerned

7.另夕卜also=again=besides=inaddition=what,smore=moreover=morethanthat

同時(shí)(inthe)meanwhile(meantime)=atthesametime

進(jìn)一步(甚至)furthermoreWeven(副詞)

8.一方面，另一方面

ononehand...ontheotherhand=foronething...foranother(thing)3=firstly…secondly(互換)

9.相反instead=rather=inturnW從反方面看onthecontrary

10.實(shí)際上asamatteroffact=in(actual)fact=actually

11.更糟的tomakemattersworse=what'sworsestill=what'sworse=worsestill=worsethanthat

12.最后/終于finany=eventually=intheend<atlast

13.現(xiàn)在nowadays二forthetimebeing=atpresent=presently

14.那以后(ever)after(that)=afterwards=fromthenon=later(on)+did

那以后(ever)since(then)+have(had)done

15.突然suddenly=allofasudden=allatonceW剎那間(一瞬間)inaflash

16.確切地說(shuō)namely=orrather換言之thatis(tosay)=inotherwords二ie

17.俗話說(shuō)asasayinggoes

18.多半/大多數(shù)情況下moreoften(thannot)=inmostcases=forthemostpart

19.例如forexample=forinstance

20.等等andsoon=andsoforth=etc.

21.inthatcase在那種情況下Wincase以防萬(wàn)一

Wincase(that)萬(wàn)一(連詞)Wincaseof萬(wàn)一(介詞)

22..ingeneral；inparticular特別地；onthewhole整體上；indetail細(xì)節(jié)上

inshort簡(jiǎn)言之,；inaword總之；incommon共同；incommonwith與...相同(介詞)

23.afterall畢竟(終究)；atall(1),點(diǎn)都不⑵究竟，

aboveall最重要的是；first先(then然后)；firstofall=firstly第一(secondly…其次)

atfirst起初；(all)inall=altogether=intotal總共

24.onearth=intheworld(1)究竟(2)在世界上,ontheearth在地球上，intheearth在地里

專項(xiàng)一Article(冠詞)

a(n),the,x(零冠詞)

L靈活用法；冠詞用法有類指，特指，泛指三種。

?(1)可數(shù)名詞有三種形式表示,類：thehorse,ahorse,horses

1.類指*(2)不可數(shù)名詞原形表示一類：weather絕對(duì)不可數(shù),water?物質(zhì)名詞，success抽象名詞

I(3)民族詞匯前用the表示一類：TheChineseareahard-workingpeople.

2.特指:the用于一切名詞之前可表示特指

3.泛指：a/an用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示泛指:aboy一個(gè)男孩

（可數(shù)單數(shù)ratelephone（1）電話（類別）；（2）一部電話（泛指）

'thetelephone⑴電話（類別）；（2）這部電話（特指）；（3）電話（科技產(chǎn)品）

可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)1thebooks這些書（特指）

,books書（類別）

總結(jié)：《絕對(duì)不可數(shù)［weather（類別）

?'theweather（特指）

物質(zhì)名詞工water（類別）

tthewater（特指）

rsuccess（類別）

I抽象名詞ythesuccess（特指）

Lasuccess具體一人一事；haveagoodsupper

1.可數(shù)單數(shù)：Edisoninventedthephone（科技產(chǎn)品）.Ineedaphone（類別）,soIhaveboughtaphone（泛指），butthe

phonedoesn'twork（特指）.

2.可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)：Ihaveboughtbooks（類別），andthebooks（特指）areverygood.

3.絕對(duì)不可數(shù)：Weather（類別）affectscropsmuch,butthewealher（特指）thisyearisperfect.

4.物質(zhì)名詞：Allofusareeagerforwater（類別）,butthewater（特指）isn'tfittodrink.

5.抽象名詞：Everyonehopesforsuccess（類另U）.Ourschoolisasuccess（——事），andourheadmasterisasuccess（——人）.

Allofusknowthesuccess（特指）.

附絕對(duì)不句數(shù)traffic,weather,news,furniture,equipment,health,damage,harm,

music,fun,advice,progress,information,luggage=baggage

n.固定用法：

/（l）inpeace,inoffice,inuse,inpower,bylaw,bynature,byhabit,byletter...

（2）on（over）theradio,onTV,ontheInternet,on（over）thephone

（3）indoingsth.=inthedoingofsth.在干…時(shí)

（4）inpublic在公共場(chǎng)合，thepublic公眾

（5）in（the）faceof在面對(duì)…時(shí)，

inthehabitofdoing習(xí)慣干，inthehopeofdoing希望干

inhonorof,inmemoryof,incelebrationof,intimeof,indangerof

1.固定短語(yǔ)\inchargeof掌管,inthechargeof被掌管；

inpossessionof擁住inthepossessionof被擁有

outofquestion不成問題,outofthequestion不可能

（6）a（long）time=longhours,alongway=alongdistance=longdistances

haveaknowledgeof,haveanunderstandingof

haveapopulationof,haveanareaof,haveacollectionof

haveagiftfor,haveapassionfor,,haveatastefor

Igivesb.aride,havearesponsibilitytowardssth

41）強(qiáng)調(diào)職位不用冠詞:WechoseTommonitor.

2.職務(wù)名詞y注意：MrSmith,the（特指）presidentofBeijingUniversity,willcome.

1（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)人按照普通可數(shù)加冠詞:Thepresidentiscoming.Apresidentwaskilled.

3.屬性名詞，⑴Mybabygoestoschool（屬性）everyday.

L（2）Thereisaschool（物體）bytheriver,andtheschool（物體）isverybeautiful.

[kindergarten,school,college,university,hospital,church,prison,bed,table,town|

r（l）WewenttotheGreatWalllastyear.

4.普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞〈（2）山河theEmeiMountain=MountEmei

-3）學(xué)校BeijingUniversity

r（1）TherearemanypeopleinChina（Beijing）.

5.國(guó)家省市專有名詞(2)TherearemanybeautifulbuildingsintheChina(Being)oftoday.

(3)WearetryingourbesttobuildamodernChina(Beijing).

(4)thecityofChongqing=ChongqingCity重慶城，

6.節(jié)日j(1)國(guó)際性節(jié)日不用冠詞NationalDay,WomerTsDay

t(2)中國(guó)特有節(jié)日用定冠詞theSpringFestival

7.東西南北1(1)名詞時(shí)用定冠詞Helivesintheeast(n.),

1(2)副詞時(shí)不用冠詞Heiswalkingwest(ad.).

8.具體時(shí)期rtheTangDynasty,theSpringandAutumnPeriod,inthe1990's

tinone9steens在…十幾歲時(shí)，inone'stwenties在…二十幾歲時(shí)

9.姓名/Mr.Green格林先生，aMi:Green一個(gè)叫(象)格林先生的人,theGreens格林,家人

^-Green's格林的家,theGreens，格林一家人的家

10.接觸人體物體的部位

catch(grab/seize)sbbythearm(抓),takesbbythehand(拉),patsbonthehead(拍),

hitsbintheface(打/撞)，heleg(傷),injuresb.onthehead(傷),

11.以某一方面計(jì)bytime,byweight；以具體單位計(jì)bythehour,bythepound

12.最高級(jí)1(1)單音節(jié)形容詞thetallestboy,thebestboy

L(2)多音節(jié)形容詞themostinteresting最，amostinterestingbook非常仁very)

/Ladyfirst.女士?jī)?yōu)先；atfirstsight,第一眼；givefirstaidto急救某人

r(l)-ssecondto次于；onsecondthoughts轉(zhuǎn)念一想；

〔comeoutfirst得第一:rankfirst排名第一

13.序數(shù)詞，(2)first首先；thefirst第一

(3)lastweek上周；thelastweek最后一周;thelastboy最不…的男孩

I(4)a|second|book=another另外;the|Second|Lesson=LessonTwo第...

14.必定冠詞thesame相同的，theonly唯?的，thefollowing下列的，therest其余的

15.語(yǔ)言Chinese=theChineselanguage注意：Germangrammar

16.某年in2000=intheyear2000

17.某月inOctober,2000=intheOctoberof2000

18.春夏秋冬insummer,inthesummerof1998,ahotsummer

19.星球，世界thesun,aredsun;intheworld,anewworld

20.運(yùn)動(dòng)playfootball,afootball,thefootball

21.樂器playthepiano,apiano,thepiano

22.history]inhistory,inthehistoryofourschool,haveahistoryof

23.[societyinsociety社會(huì)上,intheoldsociety在舊社會(huì)，inasocietythat…在一個(gè)…的社會(huì)

24.distance)atadistance在稍遠(yuǎn)處，inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)方，atadistanceof…以…的距離

25.1part|bepartof,beanimportantpartof,takepartin,takeanactivepartin

play(act)apart(role)in,forthemostpart多半

26.:kind,lort,typelpkindofbook一種書,thekindofbook這種書，2kindsofbooks兩種書

1■2kindsofthebooks這些書中的兩種

27.twoofus我們中兩個(gè)人,thetwoofus我們兩個(gè)人

28.inthecountry在鄉(xiāng)下，inthecity在城市，intown在城鎮(zhèn)

29.withabookinherhand=bookinhand

/⑴anhour,anhonor,anhonestboy;

30.a,an,one之區(qū)另U《(2)auniversity,ausefulbook,aEuropeancountry

J(3)Ihaveonlyonebook.(強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量)

專項(xiàng)二Pronoun(代詞)

I.不定代詞

1.“另外”

表格一三者以上單數(shù)another+Nc=asecond+Nc=onemore+Nc=oneother+Nc

三者以上復(fù)數(shù)other+Ns=others

兩者單數(shù)theother+N.

兩者復(fù)數(shù)theother+Ns=theothers

表格二不定代詞之后something,someone,somewhere+else

疑問詞之后what,who,where,when+else

所有格someoneelse's

2.“其余”therest(整體中的剩余部分)

Ihavedonemuchofthework.Couldyoufinishtherestintwodays?

3.兩者both都either之一neither都不

三者all所有each之一,every所有,any（任何一）,some（某一）none都不

4.「所有人an>everybody=everyoneWeveryoneofus〃所有事all>everything

某人somebody二someone#someoneofus(某事something

何人anybody=anyone7^anyoneofusL任何事anything

5.rnoone=nobody|who|Nobody(Noone)likesfootball.

Ynone|howmany,howmuch|Therearemanybookshere,butnoneismine.

nothing|what|IknownothingaboutyouexceptthatyouareAmerican.

注意：Noneofuslikefootball.

6.noIhavenobook.=Ihavenotabook.

Ihavenobooks.=Ihavenotaeybooks.

Tittle幾乎沒有,alittle=abit(of)=alittlebit(of)一點(diǎn),much,howmuch+Nu

7.數(shù)量代詞<few幾乎沒有,afew兒個(gè)(<b)7^several兒個(gè)(多),many,howmany+Ns

,'■一'些some(肯定語(yǔ)氣),any(否定疑問語(yǔ)氣)+Ns/Nu

?完全肯定all,every,both:Allofuslikefootball.

8.|完全否定none,neither:Noneofuslikefootball.

I部分否定not|all,every,both,alw^|=|an,every,both,always]not

Notallofuslikefootball.=Allofusdon'tlikefootball.

9.不定代詞短語(yǔ)：

(l)j—，個(gè)…另一”個(gè)...one…theother(兩者)，one...another(三者),one...andone(兩/三者)

t一些…另一些…some...others(other+Ns)

(2)另外幾個(gè)anothertwoboys=twootherboys=twomoreboys=twoboysmore

(3)互相eachother=oneanother

(4)每隔一everyotherday

(5)onedayranotherday=someday(將來(lái)某一天)

Jheotherday=thatday(過(guò)去某一天)

(6)anyonebut+sb.,anythingbut+sth.決不

(7)noonebut+sb,nonebut+sb,nothingbut+sth.只有

(8)allbut=almost幾乎

(9)somethingof有點(diǎn)；muchof非常；littleof兒乎不

(10)sofew(little/many/much)+n.(少少多多);suchlittleboys如此小的男孩

(11)notalittle很多，notabit一點(diǎn)都不

(12)only(just)alittle(few)只有幾個(gè),quitealittle(few)相當(dāng)多

H.人稱代詞

1.You,heandIaregoodfriends.

2.Lheandyouwillbepunishedbyourteacher.

in.物主代詞

1.Everyoneissuretotrytheirbest.

2.rThosewhowanttogoabroadpleaseraiseyourhands.(在現(xiàn)場(chǎng))

LThosewhowanttogoabroadwilltrytheirbest.(不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng))

IV.反身代詞

1.主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)Hehimselfwentthere.

2.賓語(yǔ)(主賓一致)Ihatemyself.

3.反身代詞短語(yǔ)：

(l)enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=havefun玩得高興

(2)beoneself:Iamnotmyselftoday.我今天不舒服。

(3)thinktoonself=saytooneself自言自語(yǔ)

(4)oneself親自,foroneself1)親自,2)為自J,ofoneselfl)自動(dòng),2)主動(dòng),byoneself獨(dú)自

一物主代詞one's:my,your,his,her,its,their,our

V.限定詞(只用一個(gè)尸冠詞a,an,the

l指示代詞this,that,these,those

myfewfriends我的幾個(gè)朋友，mybestfriend我最好的朋友

VI.It的用法

1.代詞it:

⑴代名詞:

it同一單數(shù)Thereisonlyonebikeintheshop,soIdon'twantit.

they/them同一復(fù)數(shù)Someboysarecoming.Theyaremyfriends.

one同類泛指單數(shù)Hehasmanytoys,soIalsowantone.

theone同類特指單數(shù)Isthisfactorytheoneyouvisitedlastyear?

ones同類泛指復(fù)數(shù)Bridgesmadeofstonearestrongerthanonesofwood

that(1)同類特指不可數(shù)LifeinBeijingishigherthanthatinChongqing.

(2)同類特指單數(shù)HetoldmehisstoryandthatpfhissistedNtheone

those(theones)同類特指復(fù)數(shù)ThestreetstherearewiderthanthoseinChongqing.

⑵代句子:

it>this/thatIhateitwhenmybabycries.

this代替后面句Whathetoldmeisthis:hewantedtoleavehere.

that代替前面句Hedidn'tcome.Thatiswhyhedidn'tknowit.

交際中代替前面句用soThisisagoodschool.—Hetoldmeso.

Ithinkso.->Idon'tthinkso=Ithinknot.

Ihope(guess,believe,imagine,suppose,amafraid)so(not).

注意：IneedtobuyanewcarandahousebadlybutIcan'taffordit/them.

(3)代time/weather/distance

(4)代小孩:It'salovelyboy.

(5)代未知人：Itmustbeourheadmaste匚

2.引導(dǎo)詞it(即形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)，it只占位無(wú)意義)：

「It'simportantforstudentstolearnEnglish.(形式主語(yǔ))

(1)形式主對(duì)［thinkitimportantforstudentstolearnEnglish.(形式賓語(yǔ))

IIt'sfoolishofTomtomakethatmistake.(形式主語(yǔ))

believeitfoolishofTomtomakethesamemistake.(形式賓語(yǔ))

(2)it特殊句型

1)當(dāng)談到...的時(shí)候：Whenitcomestosth,

2)如果你方便：Ifit'sconvenienttoyou,

3)碰巧：Ithappensthatsb...=sbhappensto六個(gè)

Ithappenedthathewassleeping.=Hehappenedtobesleeping.

4)看起來(lái)：Itseems/appearsthatsb...=sbseems/appearsto六個(gè)

Itseemedthathewassleeping=Heseemedtobesleeping.

5)結(jié)果：Itproves(turnsout)that...

Itprovedthathehadstolenmypen.

6)確保：see(toit)that...=makesurethat=checkthat

Wemustseetoitthatourclassroomiscleanandtidy.

7)怎么會(huì)：Howcan(could)itbethat...?=Howcomethat...?

Howcan(could)itbethatheleftwithoutaword?

8)認(rèn)為…理所當(dāng)然：takeitforgrantedthat...

Wetakeitforgrantedthatstudentsshouldworkhard.

9)某人突然想到:Itoccurstosb.that

Itoccurredtohimthathehadn'tfinishedhiswork.

10)干…沒有用:It'snousedoing.

11)干…是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間(錢):Ifsawasteoftime(money)doing.

12)難怪：(Itis)nowonderthat...

l強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ):|do/does/did+do|(一定/真的/的確/確實(shí))

3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句y(1)Docomeontime.(2)Hedoeslikefootball.(3)IdidreadEnglish.

J強(qiáng)調(diào)其他成分:Itis/was...that(who主人/whom賓人)...(就)是…

如果原句為現(xiàn)在五時(shí)用Itis…that；如果原句為過(guò)去五時(shí)用Itwas...thato強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)人時(shí)that可換用who；強(qiáng)

調(diào)賓語(yǔ)人時(shí)that可換用whom；強(qiáng)調(diào)其他成分時(shí)that不能改變。

(1)陳述句：ItwasIthat(who)metTominth>streetyesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))

(2)一般疑問句：Wasittheapples(that)weboughtyesterdaythatmadehimill?

(3)特殊疑問句,Whenwasitthathewenttoschool?

LIdon'tknowwhatitwasthatpreventedhimfromcoming.

(4)主謂一致：(Itis)I(who)amright.

(5)反義疑問句：Itwasyesterdaythathecried,wasn'tit?

(6)與定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別：rItwasin2000thathewenttocollege.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)

、Itwas2000whenhewenttocollege.(定語(yǔ)從句)

rItwasinParisthathemetTom.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)

wasPariswherehemetTom.(定語(yǔ)從句)

rHedidn'tgotobeduntilFathercameback.(陳述句)

(7)not...until三句斗bNotuntilFathercamebackdidhegotobed.(倒裝句)

-Itwasn'tuntilFathercamebackthathewenttobed.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)

專項(xiàng)三AdjectiveandAdverb(形容詞與副詞)

I.常考形容詞和副詞

1.合成形容詞：

(1)three-year-old(合成形容i司)Wthreeyearsold(形容詞短語(yǔ))

Heisa20-year-oldboy.(定語(yǔ))Heisaboy20yearsold.(定語(yǔ))Heis20yearsold.(表語(yǔ))

(three-meter-high,fifty-kilometer-long,six-foot-wide,eighteen-inch-wide...)

(2)white-haired(小名詞是中心名詞一部分)注意：20?storey=20-storeyed

WeChineseareblack-hairedandyellow-skinnedpeople.

(three-legged,warm-hearted,kind-hearted,warm(cold)-blooded...)

（3）face-to-face（合成形容詞）Wfacetoface（副詞）

Let'shaveaface-to-facetalk.（定語(yǔ)）Let?talkfacetoface.（狀語(yǔ)）

（hand-in-hand,arm-in-arm,heart-to-heartmouth-to-mouth,side-by-side=shoulder-to-shoulder

（4）good-looking看起來(lái)好的（逆譯）（ugly-looking,nice-tasting,sweet-smelling）

（5）English-speaking說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的（逆譯）（history-making,man-eating,peace-loving,）

（6）rapidly-increasing增長(zhǎng)迅速的（逆譯）（rapidly-developing,ever-lasting,long-standing）

（7）newly-built,newly-published,well-dressed,poorly-dressed,highly-developed

（8）ice-covered,grass-covered

（9）environmentally-friendly環(huán)保的

（10）waterproof防水的,airproof防空的,bulletproof防彈的,fireproof防火的

2.ly結(jié)尾的形容詞

（1）lovely可愛的，friendly友好的,lively生動(dòng)的，orderly有序的，deadly致命的，lonely孤獨(dú)的

⑵soldierly士兵般的，manly男子氣的，motherly母親般的,comradely同志般的…

3.著名的副詞

abroad在（到）國(guó)外,home在（到）家,here這里,there那里

4.著名的形容詞和副詞同形

straight筆直的（地）,overseas海外的（地）,downtown商業(yè)區(qū)的（地），likely可能的（地）,

nearby附近的（地），upstairs樓上的（地），downstairs樓下的（地）

5.further/furthest（具體和抽象）〉father/farthest（具體）

elder/eldest（長(zhǎng)幼排序）Wolder/oldest（老或舊）

6.population（large/small）;price（high/low）;quantity（large/great/small）;snow（heavy/thick）

7.淺色：alightbluetable；abrightredflag（深暖色）,adarkbluebowl（深冷色）

n.名詞前修飾詞的順序：

1.all分限序基，描大長(zhǎng)高形，新溫色國(guó)材用名：alltheselastfewsunnyEnglishdays

2.形容詞修飾不定代詞要放后：somethingimportant

3.enough：

enoughfood=foodenough（形容詞）；goodenough（副詞）；wellenough（副詞）

注意：EnoughhasbeensaidabouthowtolearnEnglish.（名詞）

4.present：peoplepresent出席的人們；presentpeople現(xiàn)在的人們

ni.程度副詞

i.原級(jí)前程度詞

（1）相當(dāng)jrather（貶義）rathercold

,fairly（褒義）fairlycool

（2）如止匕r-so=as=this=that+adj./adv.:Canyourunso（as/this/that）fast?

Lsuch+n.:suchaboy;suchgoodboys

（3）太too=fartoo=muchtoo=rathertoo=alittletoo

rtoo...todo太...而不能：Youaretooyoungtojointhearmy.

句型Jenoughtodo足夠...能：Youareoldenoughtojointhearmy.

Ionlytoo...todo太…而要：Iamonlytoopleasedtojointhearmy.

Ican't...too=can*tenough再...都不過(guò)分：Youcan'tworktoohard（hardenough）.

⑷非常，十分，很

rvery=most=pretty：It'mostkindofyou.

quiterQ:understand,follow

J7a-J:perfect,（im）possible,right,true,correct,different

muchr+|adj.|:thesame,similar,alike

L+Q（verymuch=alot=agreatdeal）:Iloveyouverymuch.

wellrfitsbwell,understandwell,bewellworthdoing,bewellfamous(known)

Lwellabove(below),bewellinformedof=knowsb.(sth.)well,wellpast

raverygoodboy=quitea(good)boy

afairlygoodboy

ratheracoldday=arathercoldday

(5)相應(yīng)四詞詞組序《suchagoodboy=so(as/this/that)goodaboy

onesuchgoodboy;2suchgoodboys；nosuchgoodboy

toohotaday

whatagoodboy=howgoodaboy