英語(yǔ)六級(jí)歷年翻譯真題(2013~2019)

2019.6第一套方言中國(guó)幅員遼闊，人口眾多，很多地方人們都說自己的方言。方言在發(fā)音上差別最大，詞匯和語(yǔ)法差別較小。有些方言，特別是北方和南方的方言，差異很大，以至于說不同方言的人常常很難聽懂彼此的講話。方言被認(rèn)為是當(dāng)?shù)匚幕囊粋€(gè)組成部分，但近年來能說方言的人數(shù)不斷減少。為了鼓勵(lì)人們更多說本地方言，一些地方政府已經(jīng)采取措施，如在學(xué)校開設(shè)方言課，在廣播和電視上播放方言節(jié)目，以期保存本地的文化遺產(chǎn)。參考譯文Asacountryboastingavastterritoryandencompassingalargepopulation,peopleinmanyplacesofChinaspeaktheirowndialects.Dialectsvarygreatlyinpronunciationbutslightlyinvocabularyandgrammar.Somedialects,especiallythosefromthenorthandthesouth,aresodifferentthattheirspeakersoftenhavetroubleunderstandingeachother.Althoughdialectsareconsideredasanintegralpartofthelocalculture,thenumberofpeoplewhocanspeakthemhasbeenundergoingacontinuousdeclineinrecentyears.Inordertoencouragepeopletospeaklocaldialectsmoreoften,somelocalgovernmentshavetakenmeasuressuchassettingupdialectcoursesandbroadcastingdialectprogramsonradioandTV,withahopetopreservethelocalculturalheritage2019.6第二套漢語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在是世界上用作本族語(yǔ)人數(shù)最多的語(yǔ)言。漢語(yǔ)與西方語(yǔ)言的一個(gè)重要區(qū)別在于它是以方塊字(character)而不是以字母構(gòu)成的。目前仍在使用的書寫系統(tǒng)中，漢語(yǔ)是最古老的。在中國(guó)，來自不同地區(qū)的人可能聽不懂對(duì)方的方言，但由于漢字有統(tǒng)一的書寫形式，他們交流起來幾乎沒有任何困難。漢語(yǔ)歷史上對(duì)團(tuán)結(jié)中華民族發(fā)揮了重要作用。今天，隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長(zhǎng)和全球影響力的增強(qiáng)，越來越多其他國(guó)家的人也開始學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)。參考譯文TheChineselanguageisusedasnativelanguagebythegreatestnumberofpeopleintheworld.OneofthesignificantdistinctionsbetweenChineseandWesternlanguagesliesinthatitiscomposedofcharactersratherthanletters.TheChineselanguageistheoldestwritingsystemstillinuse.InChina,althoughpeoplefromdifferentregionsmaynotunderstandeachother'sdialects,theyhavelittledifficultyincommunicatingbecauseChinesecharactersarewritteninauniformform.TheChineselanguagehasplayedquiteanimportantroleintheunificationoftheChinesenationinhistory.Nowadays,withChina'srapideconomicgrowthandincreasingglobalinfluence,moreandmorepeopleinothercountriesbegintolearnChinese2019．6第三套成語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)(Chineseidioms)是漢語(yǔ)中的一種獨(dú)特的表達(dá)方式，大多由四個(gè)漢字組成。它們高度簡(jiǎn)練且形式固定，但通常能形象地表達(dá)深刻的含義。成語(yǔ)大多來源于中國(guó)古代的文學(xué)作品，通常與某些神話、傳說或者歷史事件有關(guān)。如果不知道某個(gè)成語(yǔ)的出處，就很難理解其確切含義。因此，學(xué)習(xí)成語(yǔ)有助于人們更好地理解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化。成語(yǔ)在日常會(huì)話和文學(xué)創(chuàng)作中廣泛使用。恰當(dāng)使用成語(yǔ)可以使一個(gè)人的語(yǔ)言更具表現(xiàn)力，交流更有效。參考譯文ChineseidiomsareauniquewayofexpressioninChinese,mostlycomposedoffourcharacters.Althoughhighlyconciseandfixedinform,theyusuallycanconveyprofoundmeaningvividly.MostidiomsarederivedfromancientChineseliteraryworksandareusuallyrelatedtosomemyths,legendsorhistoricalevents.Itisdifficulttounderstandtheexactmeaningofanidiomwithoutknowledgeofitsorigin.Therefore,learningidiomshelpspeoplebetterunderstandChinesetraditionalculture.Idiomsarewidelyusedindailyconversationandliterarycreation.Properuseofidiomscanmakeone'slanguagemoreexpressiveandcommunicationmoreeffective2018.12第一套博物館近年來，中國(guó)越來越多的博物館免費(fèi)向公眾開放。博物館展覽次數(shù)和參觀人數(shù)都明顯增長(zhǎng)。在一些廣受歡迎的博物館門前，排長(zhǎng)隊(duì)已很常見。這些博物館必須采取措施限制參觀人數(shù)。如今，展覽形式越來越多樣。一些大型博物館利用多媒體和虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)等先進(jìn)技術(shù)，使展覽更具吸引力。不少博物館還舉辦在線展覽，人們可在網(wǎng)上觀賞珍稀展品。然而，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀看展品的體驗(yàn)對(duì)大多數(shù)參觀者還是更具吸引力。參考譯文Inrecentyears,moreandmoremuseumsinChinahavebeenopentothepublicfreeofcharge.Thenumberofmuseumexhibitionsandvisitorstothemuseumhasseenanobviousincrease.Ithasbecomeverycommontoseethatpeoplestandinlongqueuesinfrontofsomewidelypopularmuseums.Therefore,thesemuseumsmusttakemeasurestorestrictthenumberofvisitors.Nowadays,theformsofexhibitionsbecomeincreasinglydiverse.Somelargemuseumsuseadvancedtechnologiessuchasmultimediaandvirtualrealitytomaketheirexhibitionsmoreattractive.Quiteafewmuseumsalsoholdonlineexhibitionswherepeoplecanenjoythesightofrareandpreciousexhibits.However,theexperienceofviewingtheexhibitsonsiteisstillmoreappealingtomostvisitors2018.12第二套圖書館中國(guó)越來越重視公共圖書館，并鼓勵(lì)人們充分加以利用。新近公布的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字表明，中國(guó)的公共圖書館數(shù)量在逐年增長(zhǎng)。許多圖書館通過翻新和擴(kuò)建，為讀者創(chuàng)造了更為安靜、舒適的環(huán)境。大型公共圖書館不僅提供種類繁多的參考資料，而且定期舉辦講座、展覽等活動(dòng)。近年來，也出現(xiàn)了許多數(shù)字圖書館，從而節(jié)省了存放圖書所需的空間。一些圖書館還推出了自助服務(wù)系統(tǒng)，使讀者借書還書更加方便，進(jìn)一步滿足了讀者的需求。參考譯文Chinaattachesincreasingimportancetopubliclibrariesandencouragespeopletomakefulluseofthem.ThenewlyreleasedstatisticsindicatethatthenumberofpubliclibrariesinChinaisonanincreaseyearbyyear.Manylibrarieshavecreatedaquieterandmorecomfortableenvironmentforreadersthroughrenovationandexpansion.Notonlydolarge-scalepubliclibrariesprovideawiderangeofreferencematerials，buttheyalsoregularlyholdlectures,exhibitionsandotheractivities.Inrecentyears,therehavealsobeenmanydigitallibraries,savingthespaceneededtostorebooks.Inaddition,somelibrarieshaveintroducedself-servicesystems,whichmakeitmoreconvenientforreaderstoborrowandreturnbooks,andfurthermeettheneedsofreaders2018.12第三套體育館近年來，中國(guó)政府進(jìn)一步加大體育館建設(shè)投資，以更好地滿足人們快速增長(zhǎng)的健身需求。除了新建體育館外，許多城市還采取了改造舊工廠和商業(yè)建筑等措施，來增加當(dāng)?shù)伢w育館的數(shù)量。在政府資金的支持下，越來越多的體育館向公眾免費(fèi)開放，或者只收取少量費(fèi)用。許多體育館通過應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)大大提高了服務(wù)質(zhì)量。人們可以方便地在線預(yù)訂場(chǎng)地和付費(fèi)?？梢灶A(yù)見，隨著運(yùn)動(dòng)設(shè)施的不斷改善，愈來愈多的人將會(huì)去體育館健身。參考譯文Inrecentyears,theChinesegovernmenthasfurtherincreaseditsinvestmentingymnasiumconstructiontobettermeetpeople'srapidlygrowingdemandforfitness.Inadditiontobuildingnewgyms,measures,suchastransformingoldfactoriesandcommercialbuildingsintogyms,havealsobeentakeninmanycitiestoincreasethenumberoflocalgyms.Thankstothegovernment'sgrant,moreandmoregymsareopentothepublicfreeofchargeorforasmallfee.Manygymshavegreatlyimprovedtheirservicequalitybyapplyingmoderninformationtechnology.Peoplecanconvenientlybookvenuesandpayforthemonline.Itcanbepredictedthatwiththecontinuousimprovementofsportsfacilities,moreandmorepeoplewillgotogymstobuilduptheirbodies2018.6第一套私家車過去，擁有一輛私家車對(duì)大部分中國(guó)人而言是件奢侈的事。如今，私家車在中國(guó)隨處可見。汽車成了人們生活中不可或缺的一部分，他們不僅開車上下班，還經(jīng)常駕車出游。有些城市的汽車增長(zhǎng)速度過快，以至于交通擁堵和停車位不足的問題日益嚴(yán)峻，這些城市的市政府不得不出臺(tái)新規(guī)，限制上路汽車的數(shù)量。由于空氣污染日益嚴(yán)重，現(xiàn)在越來越多的人選擇購(gòu)買新能源汽車，中國(guó)政府也采取了一些措施，支持新能源汽車的發(fā)展。參考譯文Inthepast,owningaprivatecarwasaluxurythingformostChinese.Nowadays,privatecarscanbeseeneverywhereinChina.Carshavebecomeanintegralpartofpeople'slife:Theynotonlydrivetoandfromwork,butalsotravelaroundbycar.Spikesincarownershiphaveresultedinmoreprevalenttrafficgridlockandinadequateparkingspaceinsomecities,whichhaspromptedlocalgovernmentstorolloutnewrulestoreininthenumberofcarsontheroad.Asairpollutiongetsmoreserious,nowmoreandmorepeoplechoosetobuynewenergyvehicles.TheChinesegovernmenthastakensomemeasurestosupportthedevelopmentofnewenergyvehicles2018.6第二套高鐵中國(guó)目前擁有世界上最大最快的高速鐵路網(wǎng)。高鐵列車的運(yùn)行速度還將繼續(xù)提升，更多的城市將修建高鐵站。高鐵大大縮短了人們出行的時(shí)間。相對(duì)飛機(jī)而言，高鐵列車的突出優(yōu)勢(shì)在于準(zhǔn)時(shí)，因?yàn)榛静皇芴鞖饣蚪煌ü苤频挠绊?。高鐵極大地改變了中國(guó)人的生活方式。如今，它已經(jīng)成了很多人商務(wù)旅行的首選交通工具。越來越多的人也在假日乘高鐵外出旅游。還有不少年輕人選擇在一個(gè)城市工作而在鄰近城市居住，每天乘高鐵上下班。參考譯文Chinanowhasthelargestandfastesthigh-speedrailnetworkintheworld.ThespeedoftheCRH(ChinaRailwayHigh-Speed)trainwillcontinuetoincreaseandmorecitieswillbuildhigh-speedrailstations,TheCRHtrainhasgreatlyreducedpeople'straveltime.Comparedwiththeairplane,theoutstandingadvantageoftheCRHtrainispunctuality,becauseitisbasicallynotaffectedbyweatherortrafficcontrol.Ithastransformedthewaypeopleliveandbecomethefavoriteoptionforbusinesstravelerstoday.MoreandmorepeoplealsotravelbyCRHtrainduringholidays.ManyyoungpeoplechoosetoworkinonecitybutliveinanearbyonesincetheycancommutebyCRHtraineveryday2018.6第三套自行車自行車曾經(jīng)是中國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)最主要的交通工具，中國(guó)一度被稱為“自行車王國(guó)”。如今，隨著城市交通擁堵和空氣污染日益嚴(yán)重，騎自行車又開始流行起來。近來，中國(guó)企業(yè)家將移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)自行車結(jié)合在一起，發(fā)明了一種稱為共享單車(sharedbikes)的商業(yè)模式。共享單車的出現(xiàn)使騎車出行更加方便，人們僅需一部手機(jī)就可以隨時(shí)使用共享單車。為了鼓勵(lì)人們騎車出行，很多城市修建了自行車道。現(xiàn)在，越來越多的中國(guó)人也喜歡通過騎車健身。參考譯文BicycleusedtobetheleadingmeansoftransportationinChina'scitiesandvillages,andChinawasoncecalled"theKingdomofBicycles".Nowadays,withtrafficcongestionandairpollutionbecomingmoreandmoreseriousincities,ridingabicycleisbecomingpopularagain.Recently,China'sentrepreneurshavecombinedmobileInternettechnologieswithbicyclesandinventedthebusinessmodelofbike-sharing.Theappearanceofsharedbikeshasmadeitmoreconvenientforpeopletogetaround,andpeoplecanridebikesatanytimeonlywiththehelpofamobilephone.Toencouragepeopletotravelbybike,manycitieshavebuiltbikelanes.Now,moreandmoreChinesepeoplelikeexercisingbyridingbikes.2017.12(1)太湖是中國(guó)東部的一個(gè)淡水湖，占地面積2250平方公里，是中國(guó)第三大淡水湖，僅次于鄱陽(yáng)和洞庭。太湖約有90個(gè)島嶼，大小從幾平方米到幾平方公里不等。太湖以其獨(dú)特的“太湖石”而聞名，太湖石常用于裝飾中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)園林。太湖也以高產(chǎn)的捕魚業(yè)聞名。自上世紀(jì)70年代后期以來，捕撈魚蟹對(duì)沿湖的居民來說極為重要，并對(duì)周邊地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。太湖地區(qū)是中國(guó)陶瓷(ceramics)業(yè)基地之一，其中宜興的陶瓷廠家生產(chǎn)舉世聞名的宜興紫砂壺(clayteapot)。參考譯文Withanareaof2,250squarekilometers,LakeTaiineasternChinaisthethirdlargestfreshwaterlakeafterPoyangLakeandDongtingLake.Thelakehousesabout90islands,ranginginsizefromafewsquaremeterstoseveralsquarekilometers.Thelakeisrenownedforitsuniquelimestoneformations,whichareoftenemployedtodecoratetraditionalChinesegardens.Thelakeisalsoknownforitsproductivefishingindustry.Sincethelate1970s,harvestingfishandcrabshasbeeninvaluabletopeoplelivingalongthelakeandhascontributedsignificantlytotheeconomyofthesurroundingarea.Thelakeishometoanextensiveceramicsindustry,includingtheYixingpotteryfactory,whichproducestheworld-renownedYixingclayteapots2017.12（2）青海湖位于海拔3,205米、青海省省會(huì)西寧以西約100公里處，是中國(guó)最大的咸水湖，面積4,317平方公里，最深處25.5米。有23條河注入湖中，其中大部分是季節(jié)性的。百分之八十的湖水源于五條主要河流。青海湖位于跨越亞洲的幾條候鳥遷徙路線的交叉處。許多鳥類把青海湖作為遷徙過程中的暫息地。湖的西側(cè)是著名的“鳥島”，吸引著來自世界各地的觀鳥者。每年夏天，游客們也來這里觀看國(guó)際自行車比賽。參考譯文3,205metersabovethesealevel,QinghaiLakeislocatedabout100kilometerswestofXining,capitalofQinghaiprovinceinwesternChina.QinghaiLake,thelargestsalinelakeinthecountry,hasasurfaceareaof4,317squarekilometerswithamaximumdepthof25.5meters.Mostofthe23riversandstreamsthatemptyintoQinghaiLakeareseasonal.Fivemajorstreamsprovide80%ofthelake'stotalinflux.LocatedatthecrossroadsofseveralbirdmigrationroutesacrossAsia,QinghaiLakeoffersmanyspeciesanintermediatestopduringtheirmigration.Onthewesternsideofthelakeisthewell-known"BirdIsland",whichattractsbirdwatchersfromacrosstheglobe.EverysummerseesnumerousvisitorscomeheretowatchtheQinghaiLakeInternationalCyclingRace2017.12（3）洞庭湖位于湖南省東北部，面積很大，但湖水很淺。洞庭湖是長(zhǎng)江的蓄洪池，湖的大小很大程度上取決于季節(jié)變化。湖北和湖南兩省因其與湖的相對(duì)位置而得名：湖北意為“湖的北邊”，而湖南則為“湖的南邊”。洞庭湖作為龍舟賽的發(fā)源地，在中國(guó)文化中享有盛名。據(jù)說龍舟賽始于洞庭湖東岸，為的是搜尋楚國(guó)愛國(guó)詩(shī)人屈原的遺體。龍舟賽與洞庭湖及周邊的美景，每年都吸引著成千上萬(wàn)來自全國(guó)和世界各地的游客。參考譯文DongtingLakeisalarge,shallowlakeinnortheasternHunanprovince,China.ItisafloodbasinoftheYangtzeRiver.Hence,thelake'ssizelargelydependsontheseason.TheprovincesofHubeiandHunanarenamedaftertheirlocationrelativetothelake.Hubeimeans"NorthoftheLake"andHunan,"SouthoftheLake".DongtingLakeisfamousinChinesecultureasthebirthplaceofdragonboatracing,whichissaidtohavebegunontheeasternshoresofDongtingLakeasasearchforthebodyofQuYuan,theChupoet（340-278BC）.Togetherwiththelakeanditssurroundingbeauty,theracingappealstothousandsoftouristsfromotherpartsofChinaandbeyondeachyear2017.6（1）宋朝始于960年，一直延續(xù)到1279年。這一時(shí)期，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)大幅增長(zhǎng)，成為世界上最先進(jìn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體，科學(xué)、技術(shù)、哲學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)蓬勃發(fā)展，宋代中國(guó)是世界歷史上首先發(fā)行紙幣的國(guó)家。宋朝還最早使用火藥并發(fā)明了活字（movable-lype）印刷。人口增長(zhǎng)迅速，越來越多的人住進(jìn)城市，那里有熱門的娛樂場(chǎng)所。社會(huì)生活多種多樣。人們聚焦在一起觀看和交易珍貴藝術(shù)品。宋朝的政府體制在當(dāng)時(shí)也是先進(jìn)的。政府官員均通過競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性考試選拔任用。參考譯文：文都版TheSongDynastybeganintheyear960andlastedtotheyear1279.Duringthisperiod,China’seconomydevelopedrapidlyandhadbecomethemostadvancedeconomy,anditsscience,technology,philosophyandmathematiciansboomedtoo.DuringtheSongDynasty,Chinawasthefirstcountrythatissuedpapermoneyinthehistoryoftheworld,gunpowderwasfirstused,andthemovable-typeprintingwasalsoinvented.Asthepopulationincreasedfast,moreandmorepeoplemovedtocities,whereexistedmanyentertainmentplaces.Thesociallifewasdiverse.Peoplecouldgathertogethertowatchandexchangevaluableartworksthere.Thegovernmentsystemwasalsoadvancedatthattime.Thegovernmentofficialswereallselectedandemployedbycompetitiveexams.新東方版TheSongdynastybeganfrom960andendedin1279.Duringtheperiod,Chinahadwitnessedhugegrowthintheeconomy,makingitthemostadvancedeconomyintheworld.Scienceandtechnology,philosophyandmathematicsalsoflourishedatthattime.IntheSongdynasty,Chinawasthefirstcountryintheworldtoissuepapermoney,usegunpowderandinventmovable-typeprinting.Withrapidlyincreasingpopulation,moreandmorepeoplemovedintothecity,inwhichentertainmentvenueswereverybusy.Peoplecouldenjoyvarioussociallife,gettingtogethertoappreciateandtradepreciousartworks.TheSongdynastyalsoenjoyedanadvancedgovernmentsystemintheworld.Allofthegovernmentofficialswereselectedandappointedthroughthecompetitiveexamination2017.6（2）明朝統(tǒng)治中國(guó)276年，被人們描繪成人類歷史上治理有序、社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的最偉大的時(shí)代之一。這一時(shí)期，手工業(yè)的發(fā)展促進(jìn)了市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)和城市化。大量商品，包括酒和絲綢，都在市場(chǎng)銷售。同時(shí)，還進(jìn)口許多外國(guó)商品，如時(shí)鐘和煙草。北京、南京、揚(yáng)州、蘇州這樣的大商業(yè)中心相繼形成。也是在明代，由鄭和率領(lǐng)的船隊(duì)曾到印度洋進(jìn)行了七次大規(guī)模探險(xiǎn)航行。還值得一提的是，中國(guó)文學(xué)的四大經(jīng)典名著中有三部寫于明朝。參考譯文：TheMingdynastyruledChinafor276years,whichisdepictedasoneofthefeudaldynastiesthataregovernedorderlyandstabilizedinthehistory.Inthisperiod,thedevelopmentofhandicraftpromotedthemarketeconomyandurbanization.Anoceanofcommodities,includingwineandsilk,weresoldonthemarket.Meanwhile,numerousexoticproductswereimported,suchasclocksandtobacco.CommercialcenterslikeBeijing,Nanjing,Yangzhou,Suzhouformedinsuccession.ItwasalsoinMingdynastythatthefleetofshipsledbyZhengHeexpeditedforseventimestotheIndianOceanonalargescale.What’smore,threeofthefourclassicalnovelsarewrittenintheMingdynasty2016.12（1）隨著生活水平的提高，度假在中國(guó)人生活中的作用越來越重要。過去，中國(guó)人的時(shí)間主要花在謀生上，很少有機(jī)會(huì)外出旅行。然而，近年來中國(guó)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展迅速。經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮和富裕中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的出現(xiàn)，引發(fā)了一個(gè)前所未有的旅游熱潮。中國(guó)人不僅在國(guó)內(nèi)旅游，出國(guó)旅游也越來越普遍。2016年國(guó)慶節(jié)假日期間，旅游消費(fèi)總計(jì)超過4000億元。據(jù)世界貿(mào)易組織估計(jì)，2020年中國(guó)將成為世界上最大的旅游國(guó)，在未來幾年里將成為處境旅游支出增長(zhǎng)最快的國(guó)家。參考譯文：Withtheimprovementoflivingstandards,vacationisplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinChinesepeople’slife.Inthepast,Chinesepeoplemainlyspenttheirtimeonearningalivingandseldomdidtheyhavetheopportunitiestotravelabroad.However,therecentyearshaswitnessedafastdevelopmentofChina’stourismindustry.Theboomofeconomyandemergenceoftheaffluentmiddleclass,hastriggeredanunprecedentedtourismboom.ChinesepeoplearenotonlytravelingwithinChina,buttravelingabroadisalsobecomingmoreandmorepopular.DuringtheNationalDayholidayof2016,theconsumptionoftourismaddsuptomorethan400billion.AccordingtotheestimateoftheWTO,Chinawillbecomethecountrywiththelargesttourismindustryintheworldin2020,anditwillbecomethecountrywiththefastestconsumptionincreaseintravelingabroadinthenextfewyears2016.12（2）隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的蓬勃發(fā)展，學(xué)漢語(yǔ)的人數(shù)迅速增加，使?jié)h語(yǔ)成了世界上人們最愛學(xué)的語(yǔ)言之一。近年來，中國(guó)大學(xué)在國(guó)際上的排名也有了明顯的提高。由于中國(guó)教育的巨大進(jìn)步，中國(guó)成為最受海外學(xué)生歡迎的留學(xué)目的地之一就不足為奇了。2015年，近40萬(wàn)國(guó)際學(xué)生蜂擁來到中國(guó)市場(chǎng)。他們學(xué)習(xí)的科目不再限于中國(guó)語(yǔ)言和文化，而包括科學(xué)與工程。在全球教育市場(chǎng)上，美國(guó)和英國(guó)仍占主導(dǎo)地位，但中國(guó)正在迅速趕上。參考譯文AsChina’seconomybooms,thereisadramaticincreaseinthenumberofpeoplelearningChinese,whichmakesitbecomeoneofthemostpopularlanguages.Inrecentyears,internationalranksofChineseuniversitieshaveapparentlyboosted.OwingtotheprogressofChineseeducation,itisnotoddthatChinahasbecomeoneofthemostfavoritedestinationsforoverseastudentsstudyingabroad.In2015,aroundfourhundredthousandinternationalstudentspiledintoChinatostudy.WhattheylearnisnomorelimitedtothesubjectsofChineseandChineseculture,theyalsolearnscienceandengineering.Intheglobaleducationmarket,AmericaandBritainstillplaydominantroles,whileChinaiscatchingup2016.12（3）農(nóng)業(yè)是中國(guó)的一個(gè)重要產(chǎn)業(yè)，從業(yè)者超過3億。中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量全球第一，主要生產(chǎn)水稻、小麥和豆類。雖然中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)用地僅占世界的百分之十，但為世界百分之二十的人提供了糧食。中國(guó)7700年開始種植水稻。早在使用機(jī)械和化肥之前，勤勞和富有創(chuàng)造性的中國(guó)農(nóng)民就已經(jīng)采用各種各樣的方法來增加農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量。中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)最近的發(fā)展是推進(jìn)有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)。有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)可以同時(shí)服務(wù)于多種目的，包括食品安全，大眾健康和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。參考譯文AgricultureisoneofthemostimportantindustriesinChinawhichembracesmorethan300millionworkers.China‘sagricultureoutputranksthefirstallovertheword,anditmainlyproducerice,wheatandbeans.Chinaprovides20percentoftheworldfood,thoughitsagriculturelandonlyaccountsfor10%oftheworld’stotal.China’shistoryofplantingricedatesbackasearlyas7700B.C.Longbeforetheuseofmachineryandfertilizers,industriousandcreativefarmershadalreadyuseddifferentkindsofmethodstoincreasecropyields.ThelatesttrendoftheagriculturedevelopmentinChinaistopromoteorganicagriculture.Andtheorganicagriculturecanserveavarietyofpurposes,whichincludingfoodsafety,publichealthandsustainabledevelopment2016.6(1)旗袍(qipao)是一種雅致的中國(guó)服裝，源于中國(guó)的滿族(ManchuNationality)。在清代，旗袍是王室女性穿著的寬松長(zhǎng)袍。上世紀(jì)20年代，受西方服飾的影響，旗袍發(fā)生了一些變化。袖口(cuffs)變窄，袍身變短。這些變化使女性美得以充分展現(xiàn)。如今，旗袍經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在世界級(jí)的時(shí)裝秀上。中國(guó)女性出席重要社交聚會(huì)時(shí)，旗袍往往是她們的首選。很多中國(guó)新娘也會(huì)選擇旗袍作為結(jié)婚禮服。一些有影響的人士甚至建議將旗袍作為中國(guó)女性的民族服飾。參考譯文QipaoisakindofelegantChinesedress,whichisoriginatedfromManchuNationalityinChina.InQingDynasty,Qipaoisakindoflooserobeswhichroyalwomenwear.Inthe1920s,havingbeeninfluencedbywesternclothing,somechangeshavetakenplaceinChinesedress---Qipao.ThecuffofQipaohasbecamenarrow,andtherobehasbecameshort.Thesechangeshavereflectedthebeautyofthefemales.Today,Qipaooftenappearsintheworldfashionshow.WhenChinesewomenattendsomeimportantsocialgatherings,theyoftenchooseQipaoastheirfirstdress.Also,manyChinesebrideswillchooseQipaoastheirweddingdress.SomeinfluentialpeoplehaveevensuggestedthatQipaoshouldbewomen'snationalcostumeinChina2016.6(2)深圳是中國(guó)廣東省一座新開發(fā)的城市。在改革開放之前，深圳不過是一個(gè)漁村，僅有三萬(wàn)多人。20世紀(jì)80年代，中國(guó)政府創(chuàng)建了深圳經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)，作為實(shí)施社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的試驗(yàn)田。如今，深圳的人口已超過1,000萬(wàn)，整個(gè)城市發(fā)生了巨大的變化。到2014年，深圳的人均(per-capita)GDP已達(dá)25,000美元，相當(dāng)于世界上一些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的水平。就綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力而言，深圳居于中國(guó)頂尖城市之列。由于其獨(dú)特的地位，深圳也是國(guó)內(nèi)外企業(yè)家創(chuàng)業(yè)的理想之地。參考譯文Shenzhenisanewly-developedcityinGuangdongprovince,ChinaBeforetheimplementationofreformandopening-uppolicy,itwasbutafishingvillageonlywithapopulationofover30thousandInthe1980s,ChinesegovernmentestablishedShenzhenSpecialEconomicZoneastheexperimentalplotfortheimplementationofsocialistmarketeconomy.Currently,thepopulationofShenzhenhasexceeded10millionandthewholecityhasundergonetremendouschanges.By2014,theper-capitaGDPofShenzhenhasreached25thousanddollars,equivalenttothatofsomedevelopedcountriesintheworld.Asfarasitsoveralleconomicpowerisconcerned,ShenzhenislistedamongthetopcitiesinChina.Duetoitsuniquestatus,itisalsoanidealplacefortheentrepreneurs2016.6（3）中國(guó)的創(chuàng)新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃發(fā)展。為了在科學(xué)技術(shù)上盡快趕超世界發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，中國(guó)近年來大幅度增加了研究開發(fā)資金。中國(guó)的大學(xué)和研究所正在積極開展創(chuàng)新研究，這些研究覆蓋了從大數(shù)據(jù)到生物化學(xué)，從新能源到機(jī)器人等各類高科技領(lǐng)域。它們還與各地的科技園合作，使創(chuàng)新成果商業(yè)化。與此同時(shí)，無論在產(chǎn)品還是商業(yè)模式上，中國(guó)企業(yè)家也在努力爭(zhēng)做創(chuàng)新的先鋒，以適應(yīng)國(guó)內(nèi)外消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)不斷變化和增長(zhǎng)的需求。參考譯文China'sinnovationisflourishingfasterthaneverbefore.Inordertosurpassdevelopedcountriesonscienceandtechnologyassoonaspossible,Chinahassharplyincreasedresearchanddevelopmentfund.Chineseuniversitiesandinstitutesareactivelydoinginnovativeresearches,coveringvariousfieldsofhightechnology,frombigdatatobiochemistry,andfromnewenergytorobots.Theyarealsocooperatingwithscienceandtechnologyparksindifferentplaces,soastocommercializetheirfruitsofinnovation.Inthemeantime,toadapttothechangingforeignanddomesticmarket,andtosatisfythegrowingdemand,Chineseentrepreneursarealsomakingpioneeringeffortstoinnovatetheirproductsandbusinessmodels.2015.12最近，中國(guó)政府決定將其工業(yè)升級(jí)。中國(guó)現(xiàn)在涉足建造高速列車，遠(yuǎn)洋船舶，機(jī)器人，甚至飛機(jī)。不久前，中國(guó)獲得了在印度尼西亞建造一條高鐵的合同：中國(guó)還與馬拉西亞簽署了為其提供高速列車的合同。這證明人們信賴中國(guó)造產(chǎn)品。中國(guó)造產(chǎn)品越來越受歡迎。中國(guó)為此付出了代價(jià)，但這確實(shí)有助于消除貧困，同時(shí)還為世界各地的人們提供了就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。這是一件好事，值得稱贊。下次你去商店時(shí)，可能想看一看你所購(gòu)商品的出產(chǎn)國(guó)名。很有可能這件商品是中國(guó)造的。Recently,theChinesegovernmenthasdecidedtoupgradeitsindustry.Chinaisnowinvolvedinbuildinghigh-speedtrains,ocean-goingships,robots,eventheplanes.Notlongago,Chinawonthecontractofbuildingahigh-speedrailwayinIndonesia.TheContractofChinaprovinghigh-speedtrainsforMalaysiaalsosignedbythetwosides,whichprovesthatgoodsmade-in-Chinaarewidelytrusted.Goodsmade-in-Chinahasbecomemoreandmorepopular.AlthoughChinahaspaidpricesforit,itdoeshelptoeliminatepovertyandtoprovideworkchancesforpeopleallovertheworldaswell.Thisisagoodworkandworthspeakinghighlyof.Youmaywanttotakealookatwhichcountryyourgoodscomesfromwhenyougotothestorenexttime.ItisveryprobablymadeinChina.譯文2：Recently,theChinesegovernmenthasdecidedtoupgradeitsindustry.Nowitisinvolvedinconstructinghigh-speedtrain,oceanship,robot,evenplanes.Notlongago,Chinagotthecontractofbuildingahigh-speedtraininIndonesia.Atthesametime,Chinaalsogotthecontractofprovidinghigh-speedtrainswithMalaysia.ItprovesthatpeoplebelieveintheproductsmadeinChina.Chinese-madegoodshasbecomemoreandmorepopular.Chinahaspaidapriceforthis,butitnotonlyhelpstoeliminatepoverty,butalsoprovidesjobopportunitiestopeoplearoundtheworld.Itisagoodthingthatisworthyofpraise.Whenyougotothestorenexttime,youmaywanttoknowwheretheproductyouboughtisproduced.ItisverylikelythatitismadeinChina.2015.12在幫助國(guó)際社會(huì)于2030年前消除極端貧困過程中，中國(guó)正扮演著越來越重要的角色。自20世紀(jì)70年代末實(shí)施改革開放以來，中國(guó)已使多達(dá)四億人擺脫了貧困。在未來五年中，中國(guó)將向其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家在減少貧困、發(fā)展教育、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化、環(huán)境保護(hù)和醫(yī)療保健等方面提供援助。中國(guó)在減少貧困方面取得了顯著進(jìn)步，并在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方面作出了不懈努力，這將鼓勵(lì)其他貧困國(guó)家應(yīng)對(duì)自身發(fā)展中的挑戰(zhàn)。在尋求具有自身特色的發(fā)展道路時(shí)，這些國(guó)家可以借鑒中國(guó)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。參考譯文：Chinaisplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinhelpingtheinternationalcommunityintheprocessoferadicatingextremepovertyby2030.Sincetheimplementationofreformandopeningupinthelate1970s,Chinahashelpedasmanyas400millionpeopleoutofpoverty.Inthenextfiveyears,Chinawillprovideassistancetootherdevelopingcountriesinpovertyreduction,educationdevelopment,agriculturalmodernization,environmentalprotection,healthcareandsoon.Chinahasmaderemarkableprogressinpovertyalleviation,andithasmadeunremittingeffortsinpromotingeconomicgrowth.Thiswillencourageotherpoorcountriestocopewiththeirowndevelopmentchallenges.ThesecountriescanlearnfromChina'sexperienceinseekingthepathofdevelopmentwiththeirowncharacteristics2015.12在中國(guó)，父母總是竭力幫助孩子，甚至為孩子做重要決定，而不管孩子想要什么，因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈胚@樣做是為孩子好。結(jié)果，孩子的成長(zhǎng)和教育往往屈從于父母的意愿。如果父母決定為孩子報(bào)名參加一個(gè)課外班，以增加其被重點(diǎn)學(xué)校錄取的機(jī)會(huì)，他們會(huì)堅(jiān)持自己的決定，即使孩子根本不感興趣。然而在美國(guó)，父母可能會(huì)尊重孩子的意見，并在決策時(shí)更注重他們的意見。中國(guó)父母十分重視教育或許值得稱贊。然而，他們應(yīng)該向美國(guó)父母學(xué)習(xí)在涉及教育時(shí)如何平衡父母與子女間的關(guān)系。參考譯文：ParentsinChinaarealwaystryingtohelptheirchildren,eventomakethemostimportantdecisionforthem,regardlessofwhatthechildrenreallywant,becauseparentsbelieveit’sallforthebenefitoftheirchildren.Thishasledtotheresultthatthechildren’sgrowthandeducationtendtogivewaytotheirparents’wishes.Oncetheparentsdecidetosignupanafterschoolclassfortheirchildreninordertoincreasetheirchanceofbeingadmittedtoagoodschool,theywillstickontheirdecision,eventheirchildrenhavenointerestinitatall.InAmerica,however,parentstendtorespecttheirchildren,especiallywhenmakingdecisions.PerhapsitiscommendablethatChineseparentslaymuchimportanceoneducation,butChineseparentsstillneedtokeepthebalancebetweentheparentsandchildrenintheperspectiveofeducationastheAmericanparentsdo.2014.6最近，中國(guó)科學(xué)院(ChineseAcademyofSciences)出版了關(guān)于其最新科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)與未來一年展望的年度系列報(bào)告。系列報(bào)告包括三部分：科學(xué)發(fā)展報(bào)告、高技術(shù)發(fā)展報(bào)告、中國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略報(bào)告。第一份報(bào)告包含中國(guó)科學(xué)家的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)，諸如新粒子研究與H7N9病毒研究的突破，該報(bào)告還突出強(qiáng)調(diào)了未來幾年需要關(guān)注的問題。第二份報(bào)告公布了一些應(yīng)用科學(xué)研究的突破。該報(bào)告還突出強(qiáng)調(diào)了未來幾年需要關(guān)注的問題。第二份報(bào)告公布了一些應(yīng)用科學(xué)研究的熱門領(lǐng)域。如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份報(bào)告呼吁加強(qiáng)頂層設(shè)計(jì)，以消除工業(yè)升級(jí)中的結(jié)構(gòu)性障礙，并促進(jìn)節(jié)能減排。參考翻譯ChineseAcademyofSciencerecentlypublishedanannualreportaboutitslatestscientificfindingsandtheprospectofthenextyear.Thereportconsistsofthreeparts:sciencedevelopment,moreadvancedtechnologydevelopmentandthesustainablestrategyofChina.ThefirstoneincludesthelatestfindingsofChinesescientists,suchastheresearchofnewparticleandthebreakthroughinthestudyofH7N9virus.Furthermore,ithighlightssomeproblemsweneedtofocusinnextfewyears.Thesecondoneannouncessomeheatedfieldsinappliedscience.Forexample,the3－dimensionprintandthestudyofartificialorgans.Thethirdonesuggestspeopleenhancethetopdesigninordertogetridofthestructuralobstaclesinindustrialupgradingandtopromotetheenergy-savingandemission-reduction.2014.6中文熱詞通常反映社會(huì)變化和文化，有些在外國(guó)媒體上愈來愈流行。例如，土豪(tuhao)和大媽(dama)都是老詞，但是已獲取了新的意義。土豪以前指欺壓佃戶和仆人的鄉(xiāng)村地主，現(xiàn)在用于指花錢如流水或者喜歡炫耀財(cái)富的人，也就是說，土豪有錢，但沒有品位。大媽是對(duì)中年婦女的稱呼，但現(xiàn)在特指不久前金價(jià)下跌時(shí)大量購(gòu)買黃精的中國(guó)婦女。土豪和大媽可能會(huì)被人收入新版牛津(Oxford)英語(yǔ)詞典，至今已有約120個(gè)中文詞被加進(jìn)了牛津英語(yǔ)詞典，成為了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的一部分。參考翻譯TheChineseheatedwordsusuallyreflectsocialchangesandculture,someofwhichareincreasinglypopularwithforeignmedia.Tuhaoanddama,forexample,arebotholdwords,buttheygetdifferentmeaningsnow。Thewordtuhaousedtomeanrurallandlordswhooppresstheirtenantsandservants,whilenowitreferstopeoplespendingmoneywithoutlimitsorthoseshowingoffallaround.Thatistosay,tuhaoownsmoneyratherthantaste.Theworddamaisusedtodescribemiddle-agedwomen.However,itisregardedasaspecialwordtocallthoseChinesewomenwhorushedtopurchasegoldwhenthegoldpricedecreasedsharplynotlongago.TuhaoanddamamaybeincludedinthenewOxforddictionary.Uptonow,about120ChinesewordshavebeenlistedinitandbecamepartoftheEnglishlanguage.2014.6自從1978年啟動(dòng)改革以來，中國(guó)已從計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)為以市場(chǎng)為基礎(chǔ)的