yum的安裝配置 指令詳解

yum的安裝配置指令詳解yum是什么yum=YellowdogUpdater,Modified主要功能是更方便的添加/刪除/更新RPM包.它能自動解決包的倚賴性問題.它能便于管理大量系統(tǒng)的更新問題注:為什么要使用yum而不用apt，最簡單的原因Centos自帶yum特點*可以同時配置多個資源庫(Repository)*簡潔的配置文件(/etc/yum.conf，/etc/yum.repos.d下的文件)*自動解決增加或刪除rpm包時遇到的倚賴性問題*使用方便*保持與RPM數(shù)據(jù)庫的一致性yum安裝Centos自帶#rpm-ivhyum-2.4.3-4.el4.centos.noarch.rpmCentOS采用的二進制包是rpm，不過包的依賴性解決有時候卻是個問題。我比較喜歡debian的apt，非常方便。以前以為RedHatlinux沒這么方便，后來發(fā)現(xiàn)CentOSyum是個不錯的東西。CentOSyum使用和apt有幾分相似，這樣一來對于許多包的安裝就方便多了。這篇文章主要講兩點內(nèi)容，一是CentOSyum使用方法的整理;二是找一個比較快的國內(nèi)的源，這樣一來，CentOSyum使用的大體過程就解決了。四.CentOSyum配置：加快yum下載速度：yum-yinstallyum-fastestmirror，在CentOs4上名字叫做yum-plugin-fastestmirroryum源文件:/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repoCentOS5的yum源設(shè)為上海交通大學網(wǎng)站CentOS-Base.repo[base]name二CentOS-5-Base#mirrorlist=/?release=$releasever5&arch=$basearch&repo=os#baseurl=/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/baseurl=/centos/5.0/os/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5#releasedupdates[update]name二CentOS-5-Updates#mirrorlist=/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=updatesbaseurl=/centos/5.0/updates/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5#packagesused/producedinthebuildbutnotreleased[addons]name=CentOS-5-Addons#mirrorlist=/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=addonsbaseurl=/centos/5.0/addons/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5#additionalpackagesthatmaybeuseful[extras]name=CentOS-5-Extras#mirrorlist=/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=extrasbaseurl=/centos/5.0/extras/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5#additionalpackagesthatextendfunctionalityofexistingpackages[centosplus]name=CentOS-5-Plus#mirrorlist=/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplusbaseurl=/centos/5.0/centosplus/$basearch/gpgcheck=1enabled=0gpgkey=/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5#contrib-packagesbyCentosUsers[contrib]name=CentOS-5-Contrib#mirrorlist=/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=contribbaseurl=/centos/5.0/contrib/$basearch/gpgcheck=1enabled=0gpgkey=/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5a.執(zhí)行64位：rpm--importhttp：//ftpsjtueducn/centos/50/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KFY-CentOS-532位：rpm--importhttp：//ftpsjtueducn/centos/50/os/i386/RPM-GPG-KFY-CentOS-5b.執(zhí)彳亍yumupdate.設(shè)置CentOSyum源為國內(nèi)服務(wù)器#CentOS-Base.repoThisfileusesanewmirrorlistsystemdevelopedbyLanceDavisforCentOS.ThemirrorsystemusestheconnectingIPaddressoftheclientandtheupdatestatusofeachmirrortopickmirrorsthatareupdatedtoandgeographicallyclosetotheclient.YoushouldusethisforCentOSupdatesunlessyouaremanuallypickingothermirrors.Ifthemirrorlist=doesnotworkforyou,asafallbackyoucantrytheremarkedoutbaseurl=lineinstead.[base]name二CentOS-5-Basebaseurl=/centos/5/os/i386/gpgcheck=1#releasedupdates[update]name二CentOS-5-Updatesbaseurl=/centos/5/updates/i386/gpgcheck=1#packagesused/producedinthebuildbutnotreleased[addons]name二CentOS-5-Addonsbaseurl=/centos/5/addons/i386/gpgcheck=1#additionalpackagesthatmaybeuseful[extras]name二CentOS-5-Extrasbaseurl=/centos/5/extras/i386/gpgcheck=1#additionalpackagesthatextendfunctionalityofexistingpackages[centosplus]name二CentOS-5-Plusbaseurl=/centos/5/centosplus/i386/gpgcheck=1enabled=0#contrib-packagesbyCentosUsers[contrib]name=CentOS-5-Contribbaseurl=/centos/5/contrib/i386/gpgcheck=1enabled=0#packagesintesting[testing]name二CentOS-5-Testingbaseurl=http://mirror.be10.Com/centos/5/testing/i386/gpgcheck=1enabled=0#yumlistupdates列出已經(jīng)安裝的所有的rpm包#yumlistinstalled列出已經(jīng)安裝的但是不包含在資源庫中的rpm包#yumlistextras注:通過其它網(wǎng)站下載安裝的rpm包*rpm包信息顯示（info參數(shù)同list）列出資源庫中所有可以安裝或更新的rpm包的信息#yuminfo列出資源庫中所有可以更新的rpm包的信息#yuminfoupdates列出已經(jīng)安裝的所有的rpm包的信息#yuminfoinstalled列出已經(jīng)安裝的但是不包含在資源庫中的rpm包的信息#yuminfoextras通過其它網(wǎng)站下載安裝的rpm包的信息*搜索rpm包搜索匹配特定字符的rpm包#yumsearchmozilla注:在rpm包名，包描述等中搜索搜索有包含特定文件名的rpm包#yumprovidesrealplay系統(tǒng)更新（更新所有可以升級的rpm包，包括kernel）#yum-yupdate每天定期執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)更新#chkconfigyumon#serviceyumstart執(zhí)行:rpm--importhttp：//mirrorbe10com/centos/RPM-GPG-KFY-CentOS-5五.yum指令詳解注:當?shù)谝淮问褂脃um或yum資源庫有更新時,yum會自動下載所有所需的headers放置于/var/cache/yum目錄下，所需時間可能較長.*rpm包的更新檢查可更新的rpm包#yumcheck-update更新所有的rpm包#yumupdate更新指定的rpm包,如更新kernel和kernelsource#yumupdatekernelkernel-source大規(guī)模的版本升級，與yumupdate不同的是，連舊的淘汰的包也升級#yumupgrade*rpm包的安裝和刪除安裝rpm包,如xmms-mp3#yuminstallxmms-mp3刪除rpm包，包括與該包有倚賴性的包#yumremovelicq注:同時會提示刪除licq-gnome,licq-qt,licq-text*yum暫存(/var/cache/yum/)的相關(guān)參數(shù)清除暫存中rpm包文件#yumcleanpackages清除暫存中rpm頭