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2019年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語(二)真題及解析

(江南博哥)

材料題

根據(jù)下面資料,回答L20題

Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweight

fluctuations.^,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit2.

Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeing

generallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbadtomy

overallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinking

onlyofj£thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.Thatconflictedwith

howIneededtotrainto_5_mygoals.

Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6_ofthehardwork

andprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthto

noticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.The

most8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.

Forthese9_,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthly

weighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantforme

to11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserve

and12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytraining

program.

Iusemybimonthlyweight-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.Ifmy

trainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantly15anddroppingweight,thisis

a16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.

The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,

fitnessandwell-being.I'mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceIno

longercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I'vealsoexperiencedgreater

successinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,19I'mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,

notthenumbersonascale.

Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,howyourclothes

fitandyouroverallenergylevel.

1、[單選題]第(1)題選

A.Therefore

B.Otherwise

C.However

0.Besides

正確答案:C

參考解析:首段提出文章中心:定期稱重是一種了解體重波動的好方法??崭?/p>

所在句指出:如果太頻繁,這種習慣的壞處要比好處多。前文wonderful

way(好方法)與后文hurt(損害)形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故填入however(然而)。其他選

項:therefore(因此),otherwise(否則)和besides(此外)放在此處皆不符合語

境,故選C。

2、[單選題]第(2)題選

A.cares

B.warns

C.reduces

D.helps

正確答案:D

參考解析:空格所在句指出"thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethan

it."(這種習慣的壞處要比——多),應(yīng)該是helps(有幫助,有好處),

與前文hurt(損害)形成反義復(fù)現(xiàn)。其他選項:cares(關(guān)心),warns(警告),

(減少,致使)均不能與形成呼應(yīng),故選

reduceshurtDo

3、[單選題]第(3)題選

A.solely

B.occasionally

C.formally

0.initially

正確答案:A

參考解析:空格所在句指出:至于我,每天稱自己的重量讓我把注意力從保持

健康和充足的體力轉(zhuǎn)移到_____體重秤上。填入solely(僅僅),語義通順。另

外本句foeusingsolelyonthescale中的solely(僅僅)與本段后文thinking

的形成了同義復(fù)現(xiàn),故選

onlyofthenumberonthescaleonlyAo

4、[單選題]第(4)題選

A.lowering

B.explaining

C.accepting

0.recording

正確答案:A

參考解析:空格所在句指出:我曾經(jīng)為了增加肌肉含量而增重,但后來只考慮

體重秤上的數(shù)字,我改變了我的訓練方案。填入lowering(減少或降低),

語義通順。另外,該句中有but,說明前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。lower與前文gain

weight(增重)形成反義復(fù)現(xiàn),其他選項:explaining(解釋),accepting(接受),

recording(記錄)均不符合文意,故選A。

5、[單選題]第(5)題選

A.set

B.review

C.reach

0.modify

正確答案:C

參考解析:空格所在句指出:這與我需要如何訓練以目標相沖突。此處

填入reach(達到)與goal(目標)形成動賓搭配,且語義通順。其他選項:set(設(shè)

定),modify(修改)雖然可以與goal搭配,但與文意不符;review(評論,溫

習)和不能形成搭配,故選

goalCo

6、[單選題]第(6)題選

A.depiction

B.distribution

C.prediction

□.definition

正確答案:A

參考解析:分析空格處所在句的句意:我還發(fā)現(xiàn),每天稱體重并不能為我在健

身房所做的努力以及取得的進步提供精確的o空格處所需的名詞需要

使句子完整通順。A項depiction(描寫,敘述)符合語義要求;B項

distribution(分布,分配),C項prediction(預(yù)言,預(yù)測),D項definition(定

義)代入空格后,語義不通順,均排除,故選A。

7、[單選題]第(7)題選

A.regardlessof

B.asidefrom

C.alongwith

D.dueto

正確答案:D

參考解析:空格所在句的句意:需要大約三周到一個月的時間來發(fā)現(xiàn)體重的顯

著變化改變了你的訓練計劃??崭裉幩钊氲亩陶Z需要和前面句子構(gòu)成

因果的遞進關(guān)系,只有D項duet。(由于)符合要求;A項regardlessof(不管,

不顧),B項asidefrom(除……以外;尚有...),C項alongwith(與一起,

連同)代入后,語義皆不通順,故選D。

8、[單選題]第(8)題選

A.rigid

B.precise

C.immediate

0.orderly

正確答案:C

參考解析:分析空格處所在句的句意:最的改變將會體現(xiàn)在技能水平、

力量和身高降低上。空格處所需的形容詞要和后面的changes構(gòu)成語義搭配,

并且符合語境。C項immediate(立即的,直接的)符合語義要求;A項rigid(嚴

格的),B項precise(精確的),D項orderly(有秩序的)代入空格后,語義不通順,

均排除,故選

co

9、[單選題]第(9)題選

A.judgments

B.reasons

C.methods

0.claims

正確答案:B

參考解析:空格所在句指出:由于這些_____(these指代上文提到的缺點),

我停止每天稱體重。"停止每天稱體重"與上面兩段的描述構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,故只

有B項reasons(原因)符合要求;A項judgments(判斷),C項methods(方

法,方式),項(要求,索賠)代入后,語義不通順,故選

DclaimsBo

10、[單選題]第(10)題選

A.though

B.again

C.indeed

0.instead

正確答案:D

參考解析:空格所在句的前半部分指出:由于上述原因,我停止每天稱體重。

后半句話句意:轉(zhuǎn)而改為兩個月稱一次體重。switchedto"轉(zhuǎn)而……"與D項

instead對應(yīng)。D項instead代替反而)符合語義要求其他選項A項though(雖

然,盡管),B項again(又,再一次),C項indeed(的確,實在)代入空格后,語

義不通順,均排除,故選

Do

11、[單選題]第(11)題選

A.track

B.overlook

C.conceal

0.report

正確答案:A

參考解析:空格所在句提到:Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal(因為減重不

是我的目的),itislessimportantformetomyweighteachweek(對

我來說,每周_____一我的體重不太重要)??崭裉幩钊氲膭釉~需要和后面的

賓語mvweight構(gòu)成通順的動賓語義搭配。除此之外,本段的主題是稱重,因

此需要觀察、監(jiān)測或跟蹤體重的變化,只有A項track符合語義與主題要求,故

選A。

12、[單選題]第(12)題選

A.approveof

B.holdonto

C.accountfor

D.dependon

正確答案:C

參考解析:空格所在句提到:Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmeto

observeandanysignificantweightchanges(每隔一周稱次體重使我

能夠觀察及任何明顯的體重變化),空格處所填入的動詞須和后面的賓語

weightchanges構(gòu)成通順的動賓搭配;同時,該動詞還和observe構(gòu)成并列關(guān)

系,并列的動詞會存在動作先后發(fā)生的特點(先觀察到體重變化.,再來了解或

解釋體重變化的原因),因此只有C項accountfor(解釋,了解)最恰當。

13、[單選題]第(13)題選

A.share

B.adjust

C.confirm

0.prepare

正確答案:B

參考解析:空格所在處提到:ThattellsmewhetherIneedtomy

trainingprogram(那告訴我,我是否需要_____我的訓練項目)??崭裉幩顒?/p>

詞需要和后面的賓語trainingprogram構(gòu)成通順的動賓語義搭配;除此之外,

that指代上文中"觀察并解釋體重變化",此處應(yīng)該表明,"觀察并解釋體重變

化能讓我知道是否需要調(diào)整訓練項目"。因此B項adjust符合句意要求。

14、[單選題]第(14)題選

A.features

B.rules

C.tests

0.results

正確答案:D

參考解析:空格處所在句提到:Iusemybimonthlyweigh一intoget

infomationaboutmynutritionaswell.(我根據(jù)兩個月稱重一次的來

獲得關(guān)于我的營養(yǎng)方面的信息),空格處所填名詞須和bimonthlyweigh—in構(gòu)

成通順的語義關(guān)系,空格處上文提到“兩個月稱重一次可以觀察并解釋任何明顯

的體重變化",因此空格處應(yīng)該表示"稱重結(jié)果",D項results最符合句意要

求,故選D。

15、[單選題]第(15)題選

A.anxious

B.hungry

C.sick

D.bored

正確答案:B

參考解析:空格處提到:amconstantlyanddroppingweight,

thisisathatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.(如果我

持續(xù)以及體重下降,那么這是一個表明我需要增加日??防飻z

入),根據(jù)條件狀語從句中主句的條件與結(jié)果的邏輯關(guān)系,空格處填入"hungry(饑

餓)"更符合語義要求,故選

Bo

16、[單選題]第(16)題選

A.secret

B.belief

C.sign

0.principle

正確答案:C

參考解析:空格之前的"this"指代前面if引導的條件狀語從句"如果我運動

量保持不變,但總是覺得餓并且體重下降",空格后面that引導的同位語從句

"我需要增加每天卡路里的攝入",根據(jù)前后語義,此空填sign"信號"最合理,

故選C。

17、[單選題]第(17)題選

A.necessity

B.decision

C.wish

0.request

正確答案:B

參考解析:空格后動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)"tostopweighingmyselfeveryday"

作空格處名詞的同位語,"停止每天稱體重這個"。分析選項,A項

necessity(必要性),B項decision(決定),C項wish(愿望),D項request(要求)。

根據(jù)語義,此處填decision(決定)最合理,故選B。

18、[單選題]第(18)題選

A.surprising

B.restricting

C.consuming

□.disappointing

正確答案:D

參考解析:此空在of介詞短語中,修飾名詞"burden(負擔)",根據(jù)語義色

彩,此處應(yīng)該填貶義詞。分析選項,A項surprising(令人驚喜的),B項

restricting(約束),C項consumingC肖耗)。因此只有disappointing(令人失望

的)最合理,故選

Do

19、[單選題]第(19)題選

A.because

B.unless

C.until

D.if

正確答案:A

參考解析:根據(jù)選項特征,看出本題考查句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系,前半句話"I'vealso

experiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals"(我已

經(jīng)更成功地實現(xiàn)了健身目標)后半句"I'mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,

notthenumbersonascale."俄根據(jù)那些目標來訓練,而不是體重數(shù)字。)

此處應(yīng)為因果關(guān)系,所以正確選項為A項because。止矽卜,本句話中的"also"

表明與前一句話之間的因果關(guān)系前一句話中的since也表示因果關(guān)系,故選A。

20、[單選題]第(20)題選

A.dominating

B.puzzling

C.triumphing

0.obsessing

正確答案:D

參考解析:根據(jù)選項特征可知此空應(yīng)填入動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞,通過上文可知,作

者對"thescale"一直持否定態(tài)度,因此,此空根據(jù)語義色彩排除dominating(統(tǒng)

治)和triumphing(勝利),而puzzlingover(仔細琢磨,冥思苦想),與上下文語

義不符。obsessing(困擾)最符合此處語義要求,故選D。

材料題

{Page}根據(jù)下面資料,回答21-25題

Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittle

later,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Children

aren'tbornknowinghowtosay"I'msorry";rather,theylearnovertimethatsuch

statementsappeaseparentsandfriends--and

theirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,

intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.

Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeply

uncomfortable-it'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwith

stones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.

"Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatrole

guiltcanserve,"saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityof

Virginia,acidingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren't

binary-feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.

Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportant

inequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.

Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencourage

humanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelp

holdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.

Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychology

professorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforan

emotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguilt

andsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Some

kidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmore

guilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycan

substituteforlowguilt.

Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Usingcaregiver

assessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild'soverall

sympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaflermoral

transgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachanceto

sharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchthey

sharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-prone

onessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn'tmagicallybecomemoresympatheticto

theotherchild'sdeprivation."That'sgoodnews,"Maltisays,"Wecanbeprosocial

becausewecausedharmandwefeelregret."

21、[單選題]Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseit

mayhelp.

A.fosterachild'smoraldevelopment

B.regulateachild'sbasicemotions

C.improveachild'sintellectualability

D.intensifyachild'spositivefeelings

正確答案:A

參考解析:根據(jù)題干"Researchers","guilt","agoodthing"等關(guān)鍵

詞可定位至第一段最后一句。原文中第一段最后一句提到"Thisiswhy

researchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoral...agoodthing.”根據(jù)代詞

this指代前文的原則可知,題干所提的原因在上文,即"Childrenaren,t

bornknowinghowtosayTmsorryz;rather,theylearnovertimethat

suchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends—andtheirown

consciences.",其中的"suchstatementsappeaseparentsandmends

—andtheirownconsciences"(這樣的表達能安撫父母和朋友,也能讓他們自

己心安),指代句中出現(xiàn)的結(jié)合四個選

suchstatements"sayTmsorry"'o

項jegulateachild,sbasicemotions(管理孩子的基本情緒),improveachild,

sintellectualability(提高孩子的智力),intensifyachild'spositive

feelings(加強孩子的積極感受)在原文均沒有具體體現(xiàn),排除B、C、D項。foster

achild'smoraldevelopment和appeaseparentsandfriends—andtheir

可以實現(xiàn)同義替換,故選

ownconsciencesAo

22、[單選題]Accordingtoparagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguiltto

be.

A.inexcusable

B.deceptive

C.addictive

D.burdensome

正確答案:D

參考解析:根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息"paragraph2"以及"manypeoplestill

considerguilttobe"可以定位至原文第二段第一、第二句"Inthepopular

imagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeply

uncomfortable--it,stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacket

weightedwithstones."(當然,在大眾的看法中,愧疚仍然會得至懷好的評

論。這種感覺非常不舒服,就像穿著一件墜著石頭的夾克一樣。)結(jié)合四個選項,

inexcusable(不可原諒的),deceptive(欺騙的),addictive(上癮的),

burdensome(繁重的,負擔沉重的)。只有burdensome與原文表述意思最接近,

故選D。

23、[單選題]Vaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfroman

awarenessthat.

A.emotionsarecontext-independent

B.anemotioncanplayopposingroles

C.emotionsaresociallyconstructive

0.emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth

正確答案:B

參考解析:根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息"Vaishholdsthat..."可以定位至原文第二段

第四句"'Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinking...canserve,'

saysAmrishaVaish…"既為Vaish的觀點,也是題干信息所在句。后面又提到

w...addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthat...in

another(這種復(fù)興是更大的認識的一部分,即情緒不是二元情感,在一個情

境中有利的情緒,在另一個情境中可能是有害的。),結(jié)合四個選項,emotions

arecontext-independent(情緒與情境無關(guān))與原文表述相反,排除A項。an

emotioncanplayopposingroles(情緒可以起到相反的作用)與原文中句子的

表述一致,符合題意,所以B項正確。emotionaresociallyconstructive(從社

會角度來說,情緒具有積極性),emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth(情緒

穩(wěn)定有益于身體健康),原文中都沒有明確提到相關(guān)內(nèi)容,排除c、D項。

24、[單選題]Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationand

sharing.

A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies

B.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt

C.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction

D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts

正確答案:B

參考解析:根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息"Maltiandothershaveshown"和

^cooperationandsharing"可以定位至原文第四段第三句"…Maltiand

othershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferent

pathwaystocooperationandsharing."(馬爾蒂和其他人已經(jīng)表明,內(nèi)疚和

同情心可能代表了合作和分享的不同途徑。)結(jié)合四個選項,mayhelpcorrect

emotionaldeficiencies(可能有助于改正感情缺陷)與原文第四段第二句話"…

thatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency”(內(nèi)疚可能會彌補

感情缺陷)不符,排除A項。canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt(要么歸

因于同情,要么歸因于內(nèi)疚)與原文表述一致,所以B項正確:canbringabout

emotionalsatisfaction(能夠帶來感情上的滿足),原文中沒有與之相關(guān)的信息,

排除C項。maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts(可能是沖動行為的結(jié)果)

與第四段第四句"...whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses."(這可以控制

他們更糟糕的沖動),屬于因果倒置,與原文內(nèi)容不符,排除D項。

25、[單選題]Theword"transgressions"isclosestinmeaningto.

A.teachings

B.discussions

C.restrictions

0.wrongdoings

正確答案:D

參考解析:根據(jù)題干要求定位到原文第五段第二句話"Usingcaregiver

assessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild,

soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegative

emotionsaftermoraltransgressions(她用照料者的評估和孩子們的自我

觀察對每一個孩子的整體同情水平以及他或她在道德上_____后感覺到消極的

傾向程度做了評價。)由句中的"tofeelnegativeemotions"可知

transgressions帶有消極貶義的情感色彩。結(jié)合四個選項,teaching(教導)屬于

褒義詞,discussions(討論)屬于中性詞,restrictions(限制,束縛)屬于中性詞,

與原文的感情色彩均不符,排除A、B、C項。wrongdoings(壞事,不道德的事)

屬于貶義詞,與原文語義相符,故選

Do

材料題

根據(jù)下面資料,回答26-30題

Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainst

climatechange.

Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxide

weproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitiestodoso.Theclimatechangeweare

hasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthanthey

absorb.

Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.

Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequire

reducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoes

onsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.

Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoung

treesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carrying

capacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,so

theygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.

Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedless

easilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.

Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtand

insectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,

andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.

Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by

2030--financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions.That's

onlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresin

all,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.

Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromthe

forestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthat

wouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsis

alreadyunderway.

Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey've

focusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhave

theycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California's

plan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasa

model.

26、[單選題]Bysaying"oneoftheharderchallenges",theauthorimplies

that.

A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol

B.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming

C.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise

0.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat

正確答案:D

參考解析:根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息"oneoftheharderchallenges"定位到原文

第一段。原文第一段第一句HForestsgiveusshade,quietandoneofthe

harderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.”弓I出文章話題一

—在人類對抗氣候變化中,森林給我們帶來了一個更為艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)。第二句提到

人類正威脅著森林吸收二氧化碳的能力,第三句緊接著提到人類所造成的氣候變

化問題最終會使得森林排放更多的二氧化碳,而不是吸收,換言之,森林可能會

威脅到氣候和人類生存,故選D。

27、[單選題]Tomaintainforestsasvaluable"carbonsinks",wemayneed

to.

A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem

B.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees

C.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants

D.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity

正確答案:D

參考解析:根據(jù)題干信息"carbonsinks"可以定位到原文第二段。該段第一

句的前半句"thereisawayoutofthistrap"對應(yīng)題干中"Tomaintainforests

asvaluable'carbonsinks"',后半句提出具體的解決方法"butitinvokes

strikingasubtlebalance"(但這需要達到一個微妙的平衡),文中并沒有說這個

平衡是不同植被間的平衡,排除C項。緊接著第二句提到要達到這一目的可能需

要"reducingtheir(forestsz)capacitytoabsorbcarbonnow",即"降低

森林現(xiàn)在的吸收能力",由此可知D項最符合題意。

28、[單選題]California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto.

A.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees

B.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests

C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects

0.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires

正確答案:B

參考解析:{Page}根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"ForestCarbonPlan"可以定位至原文

第三段第一句話"Thestate7sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodouble

effortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.",

題干中的對應(yīng)句中(加倍努力做..

"endeavorsto""doubleeffortsto")o

因止匕,答案在短語之后,即"thinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsof

theforest"(使森林里部分小樹變稀疏,清理部分灌木)。結(jié)合選項,只有B項

"reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests"(降低森林的密度)與原文表述一

致,故選

Bo

29、[單選題]WhatisessentialtoCalifornia'splanaccordingtoParagraph

5?

A.Tohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirst.

B.Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2020.

C.Toperfecttheemissions-permitauctions.

D.Toobtainenoughfinancialsupport.

正確答案:A

參考解析:根據(jù)題目要求可以定位至原文第五段,題目中關(guān)鍵詞"essential"

對應(yīng)原文"soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireor

drought"中的vital,其后的prioritize對應(yīng)A項中的"handle...first",areas

對應(yīng)項中的,故選

atgreatestriskA“theareasinseriousdanger"Ao

30、[單選題]Theauthor'sattitudetoCalifornia'splancanbestbe

describedas.

A.ambiguous

B.tolerant

C.supportive

D.cautious

正確答案:C

參考解析:根據(jù)題干可確定此題是態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文最后一段最后一句

“California'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernor

nextyear,shouldserveasamodel."可知,California的計劃應(yīng)該起到一

個榜樣的作用,并且model是一個帶有積極情感色彩的詞匯。結(jié)合選項,

ambiguous(模糊的),tolerant(寬容的),supportive(支持的),cautious(謹慎

的),只有最符合題意,故選

supportiveCo

材料題

根據(jù)下面資料,回答31-35題

Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyearsnow.

Givenamultiyeardeclineinillegalimmigration,andasimilarlysustainedpickupin

theU.S.jobmarket,thecomplaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulof

immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.

Congresshasobstructedeffortstocreateamorestraightforwardvisaforagricultural

workersthatwouldletforeignworkersstaylongerintheU.S.andchangejobswithin

theindustry.Ifthisdoesn'tchange,Americanbusinesses,communities,and

consumerswillbethelosers.

PerhapshalfofU.S.farmlaborersareundocumentedimmigrants.Asfewersuch

workersenterthecountry,thecharacteristicsoftheagriculturalworkforceare

changing.Today'sfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlyborninMexico,aremore

likelytobesettledratherthanmigratingandmorelikelytobemarriedthansingle.

They'realsoaging.Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkerswere

overtheageof35.Nowmorethanhalfare.Andpickingcropsishardonolderbodies.

Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortageremainsasimplausibleasit'sbeenall

along:NativeU.S.workerswon'tbereturningtothefarm.

Mechanizationisnottheanswer,either-notyet,atleast.Productionofcorn,cotton,

rice,soybeans,andwheathasbeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,

labor-intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,where

robotsdoasmallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforethey'reautomated.

Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkersusing

theH-2Avisatofillthegapsintheworkforce.Startingaround2012,requestsforthe

visasrosesharply;from2011to2016,thenumberofvisasissuedmorethandoubled.

TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagriculturalwork,

whichislimitedto66,000ayear.Evenso,employerscomplaintheyaren'tgivenall

theworkerstheyneed.Theprocessiscumbersome,expensive,andunreliable.One

surveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledtheaverageH-2Aworkertoarriveonthe

job22dayslate.Theshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids,which

removesomeworkersanddriveothersunderground.

Petitioningeachyearforlaborersandhopingthegovernmentprovides

enough,andthattheyarriveontimeisnowaytorunabusiness.Ina2012survey

bytheCaliforniaFarmBureau,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandnearly80percent

ofraisinandberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.Somewesterngrowershave

respondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.Withoutreliableaccesstoareliable

workforce,moregrowerswillbetemptedtomovesouth.

AccordingtoareportbythePartnershipforaNewAmericanEconomy,Americansare

consumingmorefreshproduce,whichisgood.Butarisingshareofitisgrown

elsewhere.From1998to2000,14.5percentofthefruitAmericansconsumedwas

imported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareofimportedfruithadincreased

to25.8percent.

Ineffect,theU.S.canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.

31、[單選題]Whatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwo

paragraphs?

A.DiscriminationagainstforeignworkersintheU.S.

B.BiasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.

C.FlawsintheU.S.immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.

0.DeclineofjobopportunitiesinU.S.agriculture.

正確答案:C

參考解析:根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"firsttwoparagraphs"可定位至原文前兩段。

前兩段大意為:美國針對外來農(nóng)民所定的移民規(guī)則中存在一定問題,并指出如果

不及時解決,美國商業(yè)、社會及消費者都會受到影響。對比選項可以判斷C項正

確,其余選項均屬無中生有,排除、、項,故選

ABDCo

32、[單選題]OnetroublewithU.S.agriculturalworkforceis.

A.therisingnumberofillegalimmigrants

B.thehighmobilityofcropworkers

C.thelackofexperiencedlaborers

D.theagingofimmigrantfarmworkers

正確答案:D

參考解析:根據(jù)題干中信息"trouble","U.S.agriculturalworkforce"

可以定位至原文第三段第二句"Asfewersuchworkersenterthecountry,the

本段第三至

characteristicsoftheagricuturalworkforcearechanging."o

第七句都在論證第二句的內(nèi)容,其中第三句論證勞動力的來源及其傾向,第五至

第七句論證勞動力在老齡化,并指出"Andpickingcropsishardonolder

bodies."與選項D吻合。A項中的rising及illegal屬于無中生有,B項中的

highmobility與定位段中的“farmlaborsaremoreI汰elytobesettled

相矛盾,項屬于無中生有,均排除,故選

ratherthanimmigrating"CDo

33、[單選題]Whatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortageinU.S.

farming?

A.Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.

B.TogetnativeU.S.workersbacktofarming.

C.Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.

D.Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.

正確答案:B

參考解析:根據(jù)題干中的"much一arguedsolutiontothelaborshortage"

定位到第三段最后一句"Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortage

remainsasimplausibleasit'sbeenallalong:NativeU.S.workerswonz

tbereturningtothefarm,其中much—argued對應(yīng)原文"oft—debated",

solution對應(yīng)原文的"cure",冒號后面的內(nèi)容解釋了這個經(jīng)常被談?wù)摰姆椒ǎ?/p>

美國本國工人不會重返農(nóng)場。說明本身的解決方法是讓美國本國工人回到農(nóng)場,

所以B項符合題干要求。attractyoungerlaborers在原文沒有體現(xiàn),只提及農(nóng)

場工人在老齡化,排除A項。原文第四段提到在高價值的農(nóng)作物上需要勞動力,

在乳牛場機器人只做了一小部分工作,排除C項。原文未提到財政支持,排除D

項。

34、[單選題]Agricultural

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