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2019年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語(二)真題及解析
(江南博哥)
材料題
根據(jù)下面資料,回答L20題
Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweight
fluctuations.^,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit2.
Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeing
generallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbadtomy
overallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinking
onlyofj£thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.Thatconflictedwith
howIneededtotrainto_5_mygoals.
Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6_ofthehardwork
andprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthto
noticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.The
most8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.
Forthese9_,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthly
weighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantforme
to11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserve
and12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytraining
program.
Iusemybimonthlyweight-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.Ifmy
trainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantly15anddroppingweight,thisis
a16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.
The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,
fitnessandwell-being.I'mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceIno
longercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I'vealsoexperiencedgreater
successinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,19I'mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,
notthenumbersonascale.
Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,howyourclothes
fitandyouroverallenergylevel.
1、[單選題]第(1)題選
A.Therefore
B.Otherwise
C.However
0.Besides
正確答案:C
參考解析:首段提出文章中心:定期稱重是一種了解體重波動的好方法??崭?/p>
所在句指出:如果太頻繁,這種習慣的壞處要比好處多。前文wonderful
way(好方法)與后文hurt(損害)形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故填入however(然而)。其他選
項:therefore(因此),otherwise(否則)和besides(此外)放在此處皆不符合語
境,故選C。
2、[單選題]第(2)題選
A.cares
B.warns
C.reduces
D.helps
正確答案:D
參考解析:空格所在句指出"thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethan
it."(這種習慣的壞處要比——多),應(yīng)該是helps(有幫助,有好處),
與前文hurt(損害)形成反義復(fù)現(xiàn)。其他選項:cares(關(guān)心),warns(警告),
(減少,致使)均不能與形成呼應(yīng),故選
reduceshurtDo
3、[單選題]第(3)題選
A.solely
B.occasionally
C.formally
0.initially
正確答案:A
參考解析:空格所在句指出:至于我,每天稱自己的重量讓我把注意力從保持
健康和充足的體力轉(zhuǎn)移到_____體重秤上。填入solely(僅僅),語義通順。另
外本句foeusingsolelyonthescale中的solely(僅僅)與本段后文thinking
的形成了同義復(fù)現(xiàn),故選
onlyofthenumberonthescaleonlyAo
4、[單選題]第(4)題選
A.lowering
B.explaining
C.accepting
0.recording
正確答案:A
參考解析:空格所在句指出:我曾經(jīng)為了增加肌肉含量而增重,但后來只考慮
體重秤上的數(shù)字,我改變了我的訓練方案。填入lowering(減少或降低),
語義通順。另外,該句中有but,說明前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。lower與前文gain
weight(增重)形成反義復(fù)現(xiàn),其他選項:explaining(解釋),accepting(接受),
recording(記錄)均不符合文意,故選A。
5、[單選題]第(5)題選
A.set
B.review
C.reach
0.modify
正確答案:C
參考解析:空格所在句指出:這與我需要如何訓練以目標相沖突。此處
填入reach(達到)與goal(目標)形成動賓搭配,且語義通順。其他選項:set(設(shè)
定),modify(修改)雖然可以與goal搭配,但與文意不符;review(評論,溫
習)和不能形成搭配,故選
goalCo
6、[單選題]第(6)題選
A.depiction
B.distribution
C.prediction
□.definition
正確答案:A
參考解析:分析空格處所在句的句意:我還發(fā)現(xiàn),每天稱體重并不能為我在健
身房所做的努力以及取得的進步提供精確的o空格處所需的名詞需要
使句子完整通順。A項depiction(描寫,敘述)符合語義要求;B項
distribution(分布,分配),C項prediction(預(yù)言,預(yù)測),D項definition(定
義)代入空格后,語義不通順,均排除,故選A。
7、[單選題]第(7)題選
A.regardlessof
B.asidefrom
C.alongwith
D.dueto
正確答案:D
參考解析:空格所在句的句意:需要大約三周到一個月的時間來發(fā)現(xiàn)體重的顯
著變化改變了你的訓練計劃??崭裉幩钊氲亩陶Z需要和前面句子構(gòu)成
因果的遞進關(guān)系,只有D項duet。(由于)符合要求;A項regardlessof(不管,
不顧),B項asidefrom(除……以外;尚有...),C項alongwith(與一起,
連同)代入后,語義皆不通順,故選D。
8、[單選題]第(8)題選
A.rigid
B.precise
C.immediate
0.orderly
正確答案:C
參考解析:分析空格處所在句的句意:最的改變將會體現(xiàn)在技能水平、
力量和身高降低上。空格處所需的形容詞要和后面的changes構(gòu)成語義搭配,
并且符合語境。C項immediate(立即的,直接的)符合語義要求;A項rigid(嚴
格的),B項precise(精確的),D項orderly(有秩序的)代入空格后,語義不通順,
均排除,故選
co
9、[單選題]第(9)題選
A.judgments
B.reasons
C.methods
0.claims
正確答案:B
參考解析:空格所在句指出:由于這些_____(these指代上文提到的缺點),
我停止每天稱體重。"停止每天稱體重"與上面兩段的描述構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,故只
有B項reasons(原因)符合要求;A項judgments(判斷),C項methods(方
法,方式),項(要求,索賠)代入后,語義不通順,故選
DclaimsBo
10、[單選題]第(10)題選
A.though
B.again
C.indeed
0.instead
正確答案:D
參考解析:空格所在句的前半部分指出:由于上述原因,我停止每天稱體重。
后半句話句意:轉(zhuǎn)而改為兩個月稱一次體重。switchedto"轉(zhuǎn)而……"與D項
instead對應(yīng)。D項instead代替反而)符合語義要求其他選項A項though(雖
然,盡管),B項again(又,再一次),C項indeed(的確,實在)代入空格后,語
義不通順,均排除,故選
Do
11、[單選題]第(11)題選
A.track
B.overlook
C.conceal
0.report
正確答案:A
參考解析:空格所在句提到:Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal(因為減重不
是我的目的),itislessimportantformetomyweighteachweek(對
我來說,每周_____一我的體重不太重要)??崭裉幩钊氲膭釉~需要和后面的
賓語mvweight構(gòu)成通順的動賓語義搭配。除此之外,本段的主題是稱重,因
此需要觀察、監(jiān)測或跟蹤體重的變化,只有A項track符合語義與主題要求,故
選A。
12、[單選題]第(12)題選
A.approveof
B.holdonto
C.accountfor
D.dependon
正確答案:C
參考解析:空格所在句提到:Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmeto
observeandanysignificantweightchanges(每隔一周稱次體重使我
能夠觀察及任何明顯的體重變化),空格處所填入的動詞須和后面的賓語
weightchanges構(gòu)成通順的動賓搭配;同時,該動詞還和observe構(gòu)成并列關(guān)
系,并列的動詞會存在動作先后發(fā)生的特點(先觀察到體重變化.,再來了解或
解釋體重變化的原因),因此只有C項accountfor(解釋,了解)最恰當。
13、[單選題]第(13)題選
A.share
B.adjust
C.confirm
0.prepare
正確答案:B
參考解析:空格所在處提到:ThattellsmewhetherIneedtomy
trainingprogram(那告訴我,我是否需要_____我的訓練項目)??崭裉幩顒?/p>
詞需要和后面的賓語trainingprogram構(gòu)成通順的動賓語義搭配;除此之外,
that指代上文中"觀察并解釋體重變化",此處應(yīng)該表明,"觀察并解釋體重變
化能讓我知道是否需要調(diào)整訓練項目"。因此B項adjust符合句意要求。
14、[單選題]第(14)題選
A.features
B.rules
C.tests
0.results
正確答案:D
參考解析:空格處所在句提到:Iusemybimonthlyweigh一intoget
infomationaboutmynutritionaswell.(我根據(jù)兩個月稱重一次的來
獲得關(guān)于我的營養(yǎng)方面的信息),空格處所填名詞須和bimonthlyweigh—in構(gòu)
成通順的語義關(guān)系,空格處上文提到“兩個月稱重一次可以觀察并解釋任何明顯
的體重變化",因此空格處應(yīng)該表示"稱重結(jié)果",D項results最符合句意要
求,故選D。
15、[單選題]第(15)題選
A.anxious
B.hungry
C.sick
D.bored
正確答案:B
參考解析:空格處提到:amconstantlyanddroppingweight,
thisisathatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.(如果我
持續(xù)以及體重下降,那么這是一個表明我需要增加日??防飻z
入),根據(jù)條件狀語從句中主句的條件與結(jié)果的邏輯關(guān)系,空格處填入"hungry(饑
餓)"更符合語義要求,故選
Bo
16、[單選題]第(16)題選
A.secret
B.belief
C.sign
0.principle
正確答案:C
參考解析:空格之前的"this"指代前面if引導的條件狀語從句"如果我運動
量保持不變,但總是覺得餓并且體重下降",空格后面that引導的同位語從句
"我需要增加每天卡路里的攝入",根據(jù)前后語義,此空填sign"信號"最合理,
故選C。
17、[單選題]第(17)題選
A.necessity
B.decision
C.wish
0.request
正確答案:B
參考解析:空格后動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)"tostopweighingmyselfeveryday"
作空格處名詞的同位語,"停止每天稱體重這個"。分析選項,A項
necessity(必要性),B項decision(決定),C項wish(愿望),D項request(要求)。
根據(jù)語義,此處填decision(決定)最合理,故選B。
18、[單選題]第(18)題選
A.surprising
B.restricting
C.consuming
□.disappointing
正確答案:D
參考解析:此空在of介詞短語中,修飾名詞"burden(負擔)",根據(jù)語義色
彩,此處應(yīng)該填貶義詞。分析選項,A項surprising(令人驚喜的),B項
restricting(約束),C項consumingC肖耗)。因此只有disappointing(令人失望
的)最合理,故選
Do
19、[單選題]第(19)題選
A.because
B.unless
C.until
D.if
正確答案:A
參考解析:根據(jù)選項特征,看出本題考查句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系,前半句話"I'vealso
experiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals"(我已
經(jīng)更成功地實現(xiàn)了健身目標)后半句"I'mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,
notthenumbersonascale."俄根據(jù)那些目標來訓練,而不是體重數(shù)字。)
此處應(yīng)為因果關(guān)系,所以正確選項為A項because。止矽卜,本句話中的"also"
表明與前一句話之間的因果關(guān)系前一句話中的since也表示因果關(guān)系,故選A。
20、[單選題]第(20)題選
A.dominating
B.puzzling
C.triumphing
0.obsessing
正確答案:D
參考解析:根據(jù)選項特征可知此空應(yīng)填入動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞,通過上文可知,作
者對"thescale"一直持否定態(tài)度,因此,此空根據(jù)語義色彩排除dominating(統(tǒng)
治)和triumphing(勝利),而puzzlingover(仔細琢磨,冥思苦想),與上下文語
義不符。obsessing(困擾)最符合此處語義要求,故選D。
材料題
{Page}根據(jù)下面資料,回答21-25題
Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittle
later,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Children
aren'tbornknowinghowtosay"I'msorry";rather,theylearnovertimethatsuch
statementsappeaseparentsandfriends--and
theirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,
intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.
Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeply
uncomfortable-it'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwith
stones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.
"Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatrole
guiltcanserve,"saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityof
Virginia,acidingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren't
binary-feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.
Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportant
inequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.
Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencourage
humanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelp
holdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.
Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychology
professorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforan
emotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguilt
andsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Some
kidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmore
guilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycan
substituteforlowguilt.
Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Usingcaregiver
assessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild'soverall
sympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaflermoral
transgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachanceto
sharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchthey
sharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-prone
onessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn'tmagicallybecomemoresympatheticto
theotherchild'sdeprivation."That'sgoodnews,"Maltisays,"Wecanbeprosocial
becausewecausedharmandwefeelregret."
21、[單選題]Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseit
mayhelp.
A.fosterachild'smoraldevelopment
B.regulateachild'sbasicemotions
C.improveachild'sintellectualability
D.intensifyachild'spositivefeelings
正確答案:A
參考解析:根據(jù)題干"Researchers","guilt","agoodthing"等關(guān)鍵
詞可定位至第一段最后一句。原文中第一段最后一句提到"Thisiswhy
researchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoral...agoodthing.”根據(jù)代詞
this指代前文的原則可知,題干所提的原因在上文,即"Childrenaren,t
bornknowinghowtosayTmsorryz;rather,theylearnovertimethat
suchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends—andtheirown
consciences.",其中的"suchstatementsappeaseparentsandmends
—andtheirownconsciences"(這樣的表達能安撫父母和朋友,也能讓他們自
己心安),指代句中出現(xiàn)的結(jié)合四個選
suchstatements"sayTmsorry"'o
項jegulateachild,sbasicemotions(管理孩子的基本情緒),improveachild,
sintellectualability(提高孩子的智力),intensifyachild'spositive
feelings(加強孩子的積極感受)在原文均沒有具體體現(xiàn),排除B、C、D項。foster
achild'smoraldevelopment和appeaseparentsandfriends—andtheir
可以實現(xiàn)同義替換,故選
ownconsciencesAo
22、[單選題]Accordingtoparagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguiltto
be.
A.inexcusable
B.deceptive
C.addictive
D.burdensome
正確答案:D
參考解析:根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息"paragraph2"以及"manypeoplestill
considerguilttobe"可以定位至原文第二段第一、第二句"Inthepopular
imagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeply
uncomfortable--it,stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacket
weightedwithstones."(當然,在大眾的看法中,愧疚仍然會得至懷好的評
論。這種感覺非常不舒服,就像穿著一件墜著石頭的夾克一樣。)結(jié)合四個選項,
inexcusable(不可原諒的),deceptive(欺騙的),addictive(上癮的),
burdensome(繁重的,負擔沉重的)。只有burdensome與原文表述意思最接近,
故選D。
23、[單選題]Vaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfroman
awarenessthat.
A.emotionsarecontext-independent
B.anemotioncanplayopposingroles
C.emotionsaresociallyconstructive
0.emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth
正確答案:B
參考解析:根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息"Vaishholdsthat..."可以定位至原文第二段
第四句"'Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinking...canserve,'
saysAmrishaVaish…"既為Vaish的觀點,也是題干信息所在句。后面又提到
w...addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthat...in
another(這種復(fù)興是更大的認識的一部分,即情緒不是二元情感,在一個情
境中有利的情緒,在另一個情境中可能是有害的。),結(jié)合四個選項,emotions
arecontext-independent(情緒與情境無關(guān))與原文表述相反,排除A項。an
emotioncanplayopposingroles(情緒可以起到相反的作用)與原文中句子的
表述一致,符合題意,所以B項正確。emotionaresociallyconstructive(從社
會角度來說,情緒具有積極性),emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth(情緒
穩(wěn)定有益于身體健康),原文中都沒有明確提到相關(guān)內(nèi)容,排除c、D項。
24、[單選題]Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationand
sharing.
A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies
B.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt
C.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction
D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts
正確答案:B
參考解析:根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息"Maltiandothershaveshown"和
^cooperationandsharing"可以定位至原文第四段第三句"…Maltiand
othershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferent
pathwaystocooperationandsharing."(馬爾蒂和其他人已經(jīng)表明,內(nèi)疚和
同情心可能代表了合作和分享的不同途徑。)結(jié)合四個選項,mayhelpcorrect
emotionaldeficiencies(可能有助于改正感情缺陷)與原文第四段第二句話"…
thatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency”(內(nèi)疚可能會彌補
感情缺陷)不符,排除A項。canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt(要么歸
因于同情,要么歸因于內(nèi)疚)與原文表述一致,所以B項正確:canbringabout
emotionalsatisfaction(能夠帶來感情上的滿足),原文中沒有與之相關(guān)的信息,
排除C項。maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts(可能是沖動行為的結(jié)果)
與第四段第四句"...whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses."(這可以控制
他們更糟糕的沖動),屬于因果倒置,與原文內(nèi)容不符,排除D項。
25、[單選題]Theword"transgressions"isclosestinmeaningto.
A.teachings
B.discussions
C.restrictions
0.wrongdoings
正確答案:D
參考解析:根據(jù)題干要求定位到原文第五段第二句話"Usingcaregiver
assessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild,
soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegative
emotionsaftermoraltransgressions(她用照料者的評估和孩子們的自我
觀察對每一個孩子的整體同情水平以及他或她在道德上_____后感覺到消極的
傾向程度做了評價。)由句中的"tofeelnegativeemotions"可知
transgressions帶有消極貶義的情感色彩。結(jié)合四個選項,teaching(教導)屬于
褒義詞,discussions(討論)屬于中性詞,restrictions(限制,束縛)屬于中性詞,
與原文的感情色彩均不符,排除A、B、C項。wrongdoings(壞事,不道德的事)
屬于貶義詞,與原文語義相符,故選
Do
材料題
根據(jù)下面資料,回答26-30題
Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainst
climatechange.
Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxide
weproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitiestodoso.Theclimatechangeweare
hasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthanthey
absorb.
Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.
Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequire
reducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoes
onsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.
Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoung
treesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carrying
capacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,so
theygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.
Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedless
easilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.
Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtand
insectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,
andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.
Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by
2030--financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions.That's
onlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresin
all,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.
Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromthe
forestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthat
wouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsis
alreadyunderway.
Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey've
focusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhave
theycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California's
plan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasa
model.
26、[單選題]Bysaying"oneoftheharderchallenges",theauthorimplies
that.
A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol
B.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming
C.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise
0.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat
正確答案:D
參考解析:根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息"oneoftheharderchallenges"定位到原文
第一段。原文第一段第一句HForestsgiveusshade,quietandoneofthe
harderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.”弓I出文章話題一
—在人類對抗氣候變化中,森林給我們帶來了一個更為艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)。第二句提到
人類正威脅著森林吸收二氧化碳的能力,第三句緊接著提到人類所造成的氣候變
化問題最終會使得森林排放更多的二氧化碳,而不是吸收,換言之,森林可能會
威脅到氣候和人類生存,故選D。
27、[單選題]Tomaintainforestsasvaluable"carbonsinks",wemayneed
to.
A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem
B.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees
C.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants
D.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity
正確答案:D
參考解析:根據(jù)題干信息"carbonsinks"可以定位到原文第二段。該段第一
句的前半句"thereisawayoutofthistrap"對應(yīng)題干中"Tomaintainforests
asvaluable'carbonsinks"',后半句提出具體的解決方法"butitinvokes
strikingasubtlebalance"(但這需要達到一個微妙的平衡),文中并沒有說這個
平衡是不同植被間的平衡,排除C項。緊接著第二句提到要達到這一目的可能需
要"reducingtheir(forestsz)capacitytoabsorbcarbonnow",即"降低
森林現(xiàn)在的吸收能力",由此可知D項最符合題意。
28、[單選題]California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto.
A.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees
B.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests
C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects
0.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires
正確答案:B
參考解析:{Page}根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"ForestCarbonPlan"可以定位至原文
第三段第一句話"Thestate7sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodouble
effortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.",
題干中的對應(yīng)句中(加倍努力做..
"endeavorsto""doubleeffortsto")o
因止匕,答案在短語之后,即"thinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsof
theforest"(使森林里部分小樹變稀疏,清理部分灌木)。結(jié)合選項,只有B項
"reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests"(降低森林的密度)與原文表述一
致,故選
Bo
29、[單選題]WhatisessentialtoCalifornia'splanaccordingtoParagraph
5?
A.Tohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirst.
B.Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2020.
C.Toperfecttheemissions-permitauctions.
D.Toobtainenoughfinancialsupport.
正確答案:A
參考解析:根據(jù)題目要求可以定位至原文第五段,題目中關(guān)鍵詞"essential"
對應(yīng)原文"soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireor
drought"中的vital,其后的prioritize對應(yīng)A項中的"handle...first",areas
對應(yīng)項中的,故選
atgreatestriskA“theareasinseriousdanger"Ao
30、[單選題]Theauthor'sattitudetoCalifornia'splancanbestbe
describedas.
A.ambiguous
B.tolerant
C.supportive
D.cautious
正確答案:C
參考解析:根據(jù)題干可確定此題是態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文最后一段最后一句
“California'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernor
nextyear,shouldserveasamodel."可知,California的計劃應(yīng)該起到一
個榜樣的作用,并且model是一個帶有積極情感色彩的詞匯。結(jié)合選項,
ambiguous(模糊的),tolerant(寬容的),supportive(支持的),cautious(謹慎
的),只有最符合題意,故選
supportiveCo
材料題
根據(jù)下面資料,回答31-35題
Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyearsnow.
Givenamultiyeardeclineinillegalimmigration,andasimilarlysustainedpickupin
theU.S.jobmarket,thecomplaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulof
immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.
Congresshasobstructedeffortstocreateamorestraightforwardvisaforagricultural
workersthatwouldletforeignworkersstaylongerintheU.S.andchangejobswithin
theindustry.Ifthisdoesn'tchange,Americanbusinesses,communities,and
consumerswillbethelosers.
PerhapshalfofU.S.farmlaborersareundocumentedimmigrants.Asfewersuch
workersenterthecountry,thecharacteristicsoftheagriculturalworkforceare
changing.Today'sfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlyborninMexico,aremore
likelytobesettledratherthanmigratingandmorelikelytobemarriedthansingle.
They'realsoaging.Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkerswere
overtheageof35.Nowmorethanhalfare.Andpickingcropsishardonolderbodies.
Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortageremainsasimplausibleasit'sbeenall
along:NativeU.S.workerswon'tbereturningtothefarm.
Mechanizationisnottheanswer,either-notyet,atleast.Productionofcorn,cotton,
rice,soybeans,andwheathasbeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,
labor-intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,where
robotsdoasmallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforethey'reautomated.
Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkersusing
theH-2Avisatofillthegapsintheworkforce.Startingaround2012,requestsforthe
visasrosesharply;from2011to2016,thenumberofvisasissuedmorethandoubled.
TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagriculturalwork,
whichislimitedto66,000ayear.Evenso,employerscomplaintheyaren'tgivenall
theworkerstheyneed.Theprocessiscumbersome,expensive,andunreliable.One
surveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledtheaverageH-2Aworkertoarriveonthe
job22dayslate.Theshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids,which
removesomeworkersanddriveothersunderground.
Petitioningeachyearforlaborersandhopingthegovernmentprovides
enough,andthattheyarriveontimeisnowaytorunabusiness.Ina2012survey
bytheCaliforniaFarmBureau,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandnearly80percent
ofraisinandberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.Somewesterngrowershave
respondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.Withoutreliableaccesstoareliable
workforce,moregrowerswillbetemptedtomovesouth.
AccordingtoareportbythePartnershipforaNewAmericanEconomy,Americansare
consumingmorefreshproduce,whichisgood.Butarisingshareofitisgrown
elsewhere.From1998to2000,14.5percentofthefruitAmericansconsumedwas
imported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareofimportedfruithadincreased
to25.8percent.
Ineffect,theU.S.canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.
31、[單選題]Whatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwo
paragraphs?
A.DiscriminationagainstforeignworkersintheU.S.
B.BiasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.
C.FlawsintheU.S.immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.
0.DeclineofjobopportunitiesinU.S.agriculture.
正確答案:C
參考解析:根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"firsttwoparagraphs"可定位至原文前兩段。
前兩段大意為:美國針對外來農(nóng)民所定的移民規(guī)則中存在一定問題,并指出如果
不及時解決,美國商業(yè)、社會及消費者都會受到影響。對比選項可以判斷C項正
確,其余選項均屬無中生有,排除、、項,故選
ABDCo
32、[單選題]OnetroublewithU.S.agriculturalworkforceis.
A.therisingnumberofillegalimmigrants
B.thehighmobilityofcropworkers
C.thelackofexperiencedlaborers
D.theagingofimmigrantfarmworkers
正確答案:D
參考解析:根據(jù)題干中信息"trouble","U.S.agriculturalworkforce"
可以定位至原文第三段第二句"Asfewersuchworkersenterthecountry,the
本段第三至
characteristicsoftheagricuturalworkforcearechanging."o
第七句都在論證第二句的內(nèi)容,其中第三句論證勞動力的來源及其傾向,第五至
第七句論證勞動力在老齡化,并指出"Andpickingcropsishardonolder
bodies."與選項D吻合。A項中的rising及illegal屬于無中生有,B項中的
highmobility與定位段中的“farmlaborsaremoreI汰elytobesettled
相矛盾,項屬于無中生有,均排除,故選
ratherthanimmigrating"CDo
33、[單選題]Whatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortageinU.S.
farming?
A.Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.
B.TogetnativeU.S.workersbacktofarming.
C.Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.
D.Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.
正確答案:B
參考解析:根據(jù)題干中的"much一arguedsolutiontothelaborshortage"
定位到第三段最后一句"Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortage
remainsasimplausibleasit'sbeenallalong:NativeU.S.workerswonz
tbereturningtothefarm,其中much—argued對應(yīng)原文"oft—debated",
solution對應(yīng)原文的"cure",冒號后面的內(nèi)容解釋了這個經(jīng)常被談?wù)摰姆椒ǎ?/p>
美國本國工人不會重返農(nóng)場。說明本身的解決方法是讓美國本國工人回到農(nóng)場,
所以B項符合題干要求。attractyoungerlaborers在原文沒有體現(xiàn),只提及農(nóng)
場工人在老齡化,排除A項。原文第四段提到在高價值的農(nóng)作物上需要勞動力,
在乳牛場機器人只做了一小部分工作,排除C項。原文未提到財政支持,排除D
項。
34、[單選題]Agricultural
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