新教材高中英語(yǔ)UNIT5Revealingnature高考練含解析外研版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

PAGEPAGE4UNIT5Revealingnature五年高考練閱讀理解(2019北京,D,)Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,”shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It'llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”詞匯積累1.phenomenonn.現(xiàn)象;杰出的人2.reflectv.反映,映出(影像);反射(聲、光、熱等);顯示3.varyfrom...to...(根據(jù)情況)從……到……變化4.fuelv.增加;加強(qiáng);刺激5.giveoff釋放,放出,發(fā)出(熱量、氣味等)6.processn.(為達(dá)到某一目標(biāo)的)過(guò)程;進(jìn)程7.characteristicn.特征;特點(diǎn);品質(zhì)8.unnoticeableadj.不引人注意的;不易被人看到的;不明顯的9.statisticallyadv.統(tǒng)計(jì)地;統(tǒng)計(jì)上地1.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial.C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.五年高考練◎語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為說(shuō)明文,主題語(yǔ)境為人與自然,主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容為人與環(huán)境。氣候變暖導(dǎo)致了海洋浮游植物的變化,進(jìn)而影響到海洋顏色的變化。文章側(cè)重于引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注自然生態(tài),增強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)的意識(shí)。1.B主旨大意題。文章第一段給出了海洋顏色變化的原因,第二段具體說(shuō)明了海洋顏色變化的原因在于海洋浮游植物的類型和濃度的變化。綜上所述,前兩段主要說(shuō)明了海洋顏色變化的原因,故選B項(xiàng)。2.A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文氣候變暖改變了海洋的主要特點(diǎn),影響了浮游植物的生長(zhǎng),結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞changes和affect可綜合推斷出浮游植物對(duì)海洋變暖的趨勢(shì)是比較敏感的,故選A項(xiàng)(敏感的)。B:有益的;C:重大的;D:不被注意的。3.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Butinsomewaters...awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.可知,在更適宜浮游植物生長(zhǎng)的地方,海洋的顏色會(huì)變得更綠,故選D項(xiàng)(有更多浮游植物的海洋可能看上去更綠)。4.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文,尤其是中心段落第一段中theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate可知,文章的主要目的是解釋氣候變化對(duì)海洋尤其是其顏色的影響,故選C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)(評(píng)估海洋顏色變化產(chǎn)生的后果)、B項(xiàng)(分析海洋食物鏈的構(gòu)成)和D項(xiàng)(介紹一種研究浮游植物的新方法)均不符合文章目的,故排除。長(zhǎng)難句分析原句Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburyca