基礎(chǔ)寫作講評(píng)課：句式的靈活運(yùn)用 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

PAGEPAGE7基礎(chǔ)寫作講評(píng)課：句式的靈活運(yùn)用教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)廣東第二師范學(xué)院番禺附屬中學(xué)高三英語梁惠玲一.教材分析本次基礎(chǔ)寫作講評(píng)課使用的教材是2010年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(廣東卷)英語基礎(chǔ)寫作：要求寫一篇關(guān)于中國(guó)政府決定禁煙的報(bào)道?；A(chǔ)寫作滿分15分，其中語言方面滿分為8分。語言方面最高檔的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下：具有很好的語言運(yùn)用能力；語法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確性高，詞匯方面使用較好，只有少許錯(cuò)誤。因此，學(xué)生要拿高分，必須在語言運(yùn)用方面下功夫。而適當(dāng)運(yùn)用名詞性從句、定語從句、含有非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)的句子、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、被動(dòng)態(tài)句子等句式能充分展現(xiàn)考生的語言運(yùn)用能力。由此可見，基礎(chǔ)寫作中句式的靈活運(yùn)用十分重要。二．教學(xué)對(duì)象分析學(xué)生上講評(píng)課之前已完成了2010年廣東高考有關(guān)政府禁煙的基礎(chǔ)寫作。從寫作情況來看，學(xué)生能做到審題和寫全要點(diǎn)，會(huì)運(yùn)用連接詞，能嘗試使用所學(xué)句式；但句式簡(jiǎn)單，語法錯(cuò)誤明顯。針對(duì)學(xué)生寫作情況，本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)定位為如何把簡(jiǎn)單句子轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦呒?jí)句子（即漂亮句子），做到句式的靈活運(yùn)用。三．教學(xué)目標(biāo)（一）認(rèn)知目標(biāo)1.學(xué)生能理解以下高級(jí)句式及其各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1）含有名詞性從句的句子：巧用名詞性從句可令句式靈活多變，能夠潤(rùn)色文章；2）含有定語從句的句子：使句子的信息容量大,句子結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、連貫；3）含有非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：使文章簡(jiǎn)潔、精煉；4）強(qiáng)調(diào)句：加深印象，豐富句式；5）倒裝句：增強(qiáng)句子表現(xiàn)力；6）被動(dòng)態(tài)句子：避免句式單一。2．學(xué)生能懂得欣賞范文并能指出其亮點(diǎn)或不足；3．學(xué)生能明白運(yùn)用句式應(yīng)注意下列三點(diǎn)：1）應(yīng)關(guān)注高考評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，恰當(dāng)把握好句子的復(fù)雜程度；2）適當(dāng)運(yùn)用含有非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)的句子、復(fù)合句、倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、被動(dòng)態(tài)句子等，句式豐富能充分展現(xiàn)考生的語言運(yùn)用能力；3）采用多種句式表達(dá)同樣的信息，句式不同表達(dá)效果也不同，應(yīng)根據(jù)具體需要選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)木涫?。（二）能力目?biāo)1）學(xué)生能夠運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)更正錯(cuò)誤句式，并懂得避免雙謂語、句子成分不完整、誤用倒裝句、生搬硬套句式，提高其分析、判斷、正確使用不同句式的能力。2）學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)寫作高級(jí)句式，做到一句多變，靈活運(yùn)用各種句式表達(dá)同樣意思，拓寬其創(chuàng)新思維，提高其實(shí)際寫作能力。（三）情感目標(biāo)1）結(jié)合禁煙內(nèi)容使學(xué)生明白吸煙的危害及禁煙的必要性，增強(qiáng)學(xué)生關(guān)注健康，拒絕吸煙的意識(shí)。2）通過句式多變激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，煥發(fā)其積極參與課堂活動(dòng)的熱情。通過各種練習(xí)令學(xué)生體驗(yàn)到靈活運(yùn)用句式，一句多變的樂趣和成功感，培養(yǎng)其對(duì)寫作的喜好。3）通過小組活動(dòng)提高學(xué)生的合作意識(shí)和互幫互助、共同進(jìn)步的意識(shí)。四.教學(xué)重點(diǎn)1.學(xué)習(xí)含有名詞性從句的句子、含有定語從句的句子、含有非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)的句子、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、被動(dòng)態(tài)句子等不同高級(jí)句式及其各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)；2.分析、判斷并更正錯(cuò)誤句式，明白運(yùn)用句式時(shí)應(yīng)避免雙謂語、句子成分不完整、誤用倒裝句、生搬硬套句式；3.學(xué)會(huì)靈活、恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用各種句式，做到一句多變。五．教學(xué)難點(diǎn)如何做到句式的靈活、恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用六．教學(xué)策略：以小組合作學(xué)習(xí)的形式開展課堂活動(dòng)。教師采用啟發(fā)式教學(xué)策略，精講多練，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生主動(dòng)參與課堂學(xué)習(xí)，積極探究、發(fā)現(xiàn)和解決問題。七．教學(xué)媒體：acomputerandablackboard八．教學(xué)步驟：Step1:Revisionandwarmingup1.Theteachershowssomepicturesandtalkswiththestudents.T:Whatarethepicturesabout?Ss:Aboutsmoking.T:Yes.Infact,theyareaboutbanningsmoking.2.Revisionofthebasicwriting:Howtoorganizetheinformation?Theteachershowsthebasicwritingaboutbanningsmokingandaskthestudentstoorganizetheinformationasthefollowing.1)中國(guó)大約有3.5億人吸煙,其中男性75%,女性25%.2)受二手煙影響的人數(shù)約5.4億，而且每年有超過10萬人因二手煙死亡。3)中國(guó)政府決定從2011.1.1.起全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)禁止在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙。4)到時(shí)，政府會(huì)張貼一些禁煙標(biāo)志。5)大家一起行動(dòng)，我們才能使所有室內(nèi)公共場(chǎng)所無煙。Getthestudentstoreadthefivesentencesabovetogethertomakesurethattheyunderstandwhattheyshouldwriteabout.3.Showthestudentstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheiressaysandtoday’stask.Advantages:能審題；能寫全要點(diǎn)；會(huì)運(yùn)用連接詞；能嘗試使用所學(xué)句式。Disadvantages:句式簡(jiǎn)單，語法錯(cuò)誤明顯。OurTaskToday：Wearegoingtolearnhowtowritebeautifulsentences.Step2:Groupwork.Analysethefollowingsentences.Herearesomesentenceswrittenbysomeofyou.Doyouthinktheyarebeautifulsentences?why?Thisdecision,whichaimstomakeallindoorpublicplacessmoke-free,willbecarriedoutfromJan.1,2011.（區(qū)鏵汶）TheChinesegovernmenthasdecidedthatsmokingshouldbebannedinallindoorpublicplacesalloverthecountry.(黃俊濤）Therearearound540millionpeopleaffectedbysecond-handsmoke,causingmorethan100thousanddeathseveryyear.(梁巧詩）Notonlyare540millionpeopleaffectedbysecond-handsmoke,butalsoover100thousanddeathsarecausedbysecond-handsmokeeveryyear.(陳俊偉）ItisalloverthecountrythatthegovernmentwillforbidsmokinginallindoorpublicplacesfromJanuary1st,2011.(霍柳婷）No-smokingsignswillbeputupinallindoorpublicplacesinordertoachievethisgoal.(梁秋儀）Aftergroupwok,asksomestudentstotellwhytheythinkthesentencesarebeautifulsentences.Sentence1:運(yùn)用定語從句，使句子的信息容量大,緊湊連貫；Sentence2:使用名詞性從句，令句式靈活多變，潤(rùn)色文章；Sentence3:運(yùn)用非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，使文章簡(jiǎn)潔，精煉；Sentence4:巧用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)增強(qiáng)句子的表現(xiàn)力；Sentence5:使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句加深印象，豐富句式；Sentence6:使用被動(dòng)態(tài)句子，避免句式單一。Afterthat,askthestudentstosumupwhatarebeautifulsentences(seetheabove).Step3:Groupwork.Herearesomemoresentenceswrittenbysomeofyou.CorrectthesentencesfromNo.1toNo.4,andtellwhethersentence5issuitableornotforthisbasicwriting.Accordingtothesurvey,thereare350billionpeoplesmokeinChina,ofwhom75%aremenwhile25%arewomen.Theaimisthatallindoorpublicplacesfreeofsmoke.Let’sdoittogether,canwemakealltheindoorpublicplacesfreeofsmoke.Thedecision,whichwillbecarriedoutfromJanuary1,2011.TheChinesegovernmentcannotemphasizetheimportanceofbanningsmokingalloverthecountryfromthefirstdayof2011toomuch.Aftergroupwork,getsomestudentstocorrectthesentencesandtellwhethersentence5issuitableornotforthisbasicwriting.Afterthat,theteacheraskthestudentstosumupwhattheyshouldavoidwhenwritingsentences.句式方面應(yīng)避免的錯(cuò)誤1.避免雙謂語，應(yīng)注意主句或從句都只有一個(gè)謂語；2.避免句子成分不完整，特別應(yīng)注意定語從句刪去后，剩下部分必須是完整句子；名詞性從句應(yīng)為完整句子，句子語序要用陳述語序；3.避免誤用倒裝句，應(yīng)記住倒裝句需滿足一定的條件；4.避免生搬硬套句式，應(yīng)注意語言的得體性。Step4:Groupwork.Analysethefollowingessaywrittenbyonestudentintheclass.TheChinesegovernmenthasdecidedtobansmokinginpublicplacesacrossthecountry.Thisdecision,whichaimstomakeallindoorpublicplacessmoke-free,willcomeintoeffectfromthefirstdayof2011.Statisticsshowthatthereare350millionsmokers,amongwhom75%aremenand25%arewomen.Around540millionpeopleareaffactedbysecond-handsmoke,whichcauses100thousanddeathsperyear.Andnowinordertoachievethisgoal,no-smokingsignswillbeputupinallindoorpublicplaces.（凌子瑜）T:Doyouthinkitisagoodessay?Why?Pleaseunderlinethebeautifulsentencesandtellwhyyouthinktheyarebeautiful.Canyouchangethesentenceswhichyoudon’tthinkarebeautifulsentences?Step5:WritebeautifulsentencestogetheraccordingtotheChinese.1.中國(guó)大約有3.5億人吸煙,其中男性75%,女性25%.Thereare350millionsmokersinChina.75%ofthemaremen,and25%ofthemarewomen.(請(qǐng)把以上兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句子合并成為一個(gè)包含有介詞+which/whom的定語從句。)Thereare350millionsmokersinChina,of/amongwhom75%aremen,and25%arewomen.2.受二手煙影響的人數(shù)約5.4億，而且每年有超過10萬人因二手煙死亡。Around540millionpeopleareaffectedbysecond-handsmoke,andmorethan100thousandofthemdieeachyear.1)請(qǐng)把以上句子改寫成為包含有which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的句子。Around540millionpeopleareaffectedbysecond-handsmoke,whichcausesmorethan100thousanddeathseachyear.2)請(qǐng)把以上句子改寫成為包含有非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。Around540millionpeopleareaffectedbysecond-handsmoke,causingmorethan100thousanddeathseachyear.3)請(qǐng)把以上句子改寫成為包含有Notonly…butalso…的倒裝句。Notonlyarearound540millionpeopleaffectedbysecond-handsmoke,butalsomorethan100thousandpeoplediebecauseofsecond-handsmokeeveryyear.3.中國(guó)政府決定從2011.1.1.起全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)禁止在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙。TheChinesegovernmenthasdecidedtoforbidsmokinginpublicplacesalloverthecountryfromJanuary1st,2011.1)請(qǐng)把以上句子改寫成為包含有Itis…that…的強(qiáng)調(diào)句。ItisfromJanuary1st,2011thatTheChinesegovernmenthasdecidedtoforbidsmokinginpublicplacesalloverthecountry.2)請(qǐng)把以上句子改寫成為包含有賓語從句的句子，可適當(dāng)變換單詞，意思保持不變。TheChinesegovernmenthasdecidedthatsmokingshouldbebannedinindoorpublicplacesacrossthecountryfromJanuary1st,2011.3)請(qǐng)把以上句子改寫成為包含有定語從句的句子，可適當(dāng)變換單詞，意思保持不變。Ourcountryhasbeguntocarryoutthepolicywhich/thatpreventspeoplefromsmokinginpublicplacessinceJanuary1st,2011.4)請(qǐng)把以上句子改寫成為包含有同位語從句的句子，可適當(dāng)變換單詞，意思保持不變。OurcountryhasbeguntocarryoutthepolicythatsmokerswillbestoppedfromsmokinginpublicplacessinceJanuary1st,2011.5)請(qǐng)把以上句子改寫成為包含有由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的句子，可適當(dāng)變換單詞，意思保持不變。Thegovernment’sdecision,whichwillcomeintoeffectfromthefirstdayof2011,aimstomakeallindoorpublicplacesfreeofsmoke.4.到時(shí)，政府會(huì)張貼一些禁煙標(biāo)志。Signswillbeputuptoforbidsmoking.請(qǐng)把to轉(zhuǎn)換成短語或其它表達(dá)，使句子更高級(jí)。1)Signswillbeputupinordertoforbidsmoking.2)Signswillbeputupsoastoforbidsmoking.3)Signswillbeputupwhoseaim/purposeistoforbidsmoking.4)Signswillbeputuptheaim/purposeofwhichistoforbidsmoking.5)Signswillbeputupfortheaim/purposeofforbiddingsmoking.請(qǐng)把原句轉(zhuǎn)換成為以Thereasonwhy開頭的句子6)Thereasonwhysignswillbeputupistoforbidsmoking.5.大家一起行動(dòng)，我們才能使所有室內(nèi)公共場(chǎng)所無煙。Wecanmakeallindoorpublicplacesfreeofsmokeifeveryonetakesaction.請(qǐng)把以上句子改寫成為以O(shè)nly開頭的句子。Onlyifeveryonetakesaction,canwemakeallindoorpublicplacesfreeofsmoke.Afterthat,askthestudentstocombinethefivesentencesintoanessay.Asisreported,there’reabout350millionsmokersinChina,ofwhom75%aremenand25%arewomen.Around540millionpeopleareaffectedbysecond-handsmoke,causingmorethan100thousanddeathseveryyear.Therefore,ItisfromJanuary1st,2011thattheChinesegovernmenthasdecidedtoforbidsmokinginpublicplacesalloverthecountry.Bythen,signswillbeputupforthepurposeofforbiddingsmoking.Onlyifeveryonetakesaction,canwemakeallindoorpublicplacesfreeofsmoke.Getthestudentstoreadtheessayaloud.Then,theteachergivessomesuggestionsonhowtowritebeautifulsentences.句式方面的建議1.關(guān)注高考評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，恰當(dāng)把握好句子的復(fù)雜程度；2.適當(dāng)運(yùn)用含有非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)的句子、復(fù)合句、倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、被動(dòng)態(tài)句子等，句式豐富能充分展現(xiàn)考生的語言運(yùn)用能力。3.采用多種句式表達(dá)同樣的信息，句式不同表達(dá)效果也不同，應(yīng)根據(jù)具體需要選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)木涫?。Step6:GroupworkConsolidationbyhavingacompetitionLet’shaveacompetition.Pleasetranslatethefollowingsentenceusingasmanykindsofsentencepatternsasyoucan.Thegroupwhocanwritedownthemostsentencescorrectlyinfiveminutesmayhavegifts.我會(huì)改善公共交通，讓出行更舒適便捷。（2012年廣州二模）參考詞匯:出行g(shù)ettingaround公共交通publictransportationsystemsampleversions:1)I’llexpandthepublictransportationsystem,whichwillmakegettingaroundmoreconvenientandcomfortable.2)I’llexpandthepublictransportationsystem,whoseaimistomakegettingaroundmoreconvenientandcomfortable.3)I’llexpandthepublictransportationsystem,makinggettingaroundmoreconvenientandcomfortable.4)I’llexpandthepublictransportationsysteminordertomakegettingaroundmoreconvenientandcomfortable.5)ItisthepublictransportationsystemthatI’llexpandsoastomakegettingaroundmoreconvenientandcomfortable.6)Onlyifthepublictransportationsystemisexpanded,willwemakegettingaroundmoreconvenientandcomfortable.7)I’llexpandthepublictransportationsystem,andgettingaroundw