2022屆高考英語(yǔ)頂尖學(xué)案Unit4Astronomy

2022屆高考英語(yǔ)頂尖學(xué)案：新課標(biāo)人教版Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars——天文學(xué)：恒星科學(xué)核心詞匯1．Doyouthinkoureducation____________(制度)needsimproving?2．The____________(氣候)ofsouthernFloridaattractsthousandsoftouristseachwinter.3．Withoutpracticetherewouldbeno____________(理論)．4．Thehenwasoldanditstopped____________(下蛋)eggs.5.Theidea____________(存在)onlyinthemindsofusyoungpeople.6．ProfessorLihassolvedthe____________(難題)andeveryoneischeering.7．Mars’__________(萬(wàn)有引力)isonlyabout38%ofEarth’s.8．Raisingyourchildtotellthedifferencebetweenrightandwrongisoneofthef____________tasksofparenthood.9．用harm的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)Airpollutionwillgetworseandthiswillbe____topeople，forexample，itcancausecancer.(2)Rubbishcanbechangedinto____________things.(3)Don’t____________youreyesbyreadinginthedimlight.10．Lastnightwehadadiscussion，whichbecamemoreandwereachedanagreementthatwewillneveruse____________whateverhappens.(violent)9.(1)harmful,(2)harmless(3)harm；violence高頻短語(yǔ)1．________________及時(shí)，終于2．________________下蛋3．________________產(chǎn)生；分娩4．________________輪到某人；接著5．________________阻止；制止6．________________擋住(光線)7．________________感到高興；感到振奮8．________________既然9．________________突發(fā)；爆發(fā)10．________________密切注視；當(dāng)心；提防timeeggsbirthtoone’sturn...fromoutupthat,outout重點(diǎn)句式1．________________wasuncertainuntilbetweenandbillionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.隨后它會(huì)變成什么沒(méi)有人知道，直到38～45億年前，這團(tuán)塵埃才慢慢地形成一個(gè)固體的球狀物。2．Theearthbecame____________itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.地球變得如此猛烈，以至于它的形狀能否持久還不清楚。3．Thisproducedachainreaction，which__________________.這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng)，使得生命有可能發(fā)展了。4．Wewatched，________________ontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.我們驚奇地看著，隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。5．ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarried_________ontheearthandfellover.而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步時(shí)，我發(fā)覺(jué)我被送出很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。6．“...walkingdoesneedabitofpractice________________gravityhaschanged.”“……既然重力改變了，走路也確實(shí)需要練一練了。”itwastobecomeviolentthatitpossibleforlifetodevelopasfirebrokeout,asfarasthat知識(shí)詳解vi.存在，生存(回歸課本P26)Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.它們也生蛋，在地球上生存了一億四千多萬(wàn)年。[歸納拓展]①(牛津P697)Theycan’texistonthemoneyhe’searning.他們靠他掙的那點(diǎn)錢(qián)無(wú)法維持生活。②Thereexistsagoodwaytosolvetheexistingproblemingeography.有一個(gè)解決現(xiàn)存地理問(wèn)題的好辦法。③Nooneknowshowthisworldcameintoexistence.沒(méi)有人知道這個(gè)世界是怎樣形成的。[例句探源][即境活用]1．完成句子(1)巴基斯坦在戰(zhàn)后就以一個(gè)獨(dú)立的國(guó)家存在了。Pakistan________________________________________________countryafterthewar.答案：cameintoexistenceasanindependent(2)就我所知，他們收入微薄，幾乎無(wú)法維持生活。AsfarasIknow，theyarepaidhardlyenough________________________.答案：toexistonn．謎；難題vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難(回歸課本P27)Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.地球生命如何起源是科學(xué)家們覺(jué)得很難解決的最大的難題之一。[歸納拓展]①(牛津P1616)Whatpuzzlesmeiswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.令我不解的是，他為什么悄悄地離開(kāi)了這個(gè)國(guó)家。②Thepolicearestillpuzzlingabout/overhowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.警察仍然正在苦思這起事故是怎么發(fā)生的。[例句探源]③Scientistshavebeentryingtosolvethispuzzleforyears.多年來(lái)科學(xué)家們一直試圖解開(kāi)這一謎團(tuán)。④(牛津P1616)HelookedpuzzledsoIrepeatedthequestion.他好像沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂，于是我又把問(wèn)題重復(fù)了一遍。2．Shelostheartsinceshefailedinthefelt________aboutherfuture.A．puzzleB．puzzlingC．puzzled D．puzzles解析：選C。后句句意：她對(duì)她的將來(lái)感到迷惑。puzzledadj.(人)迷惑的，迷惘的；puzzlingadj.(物)令人迷惑的。[即境活用]n.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力(回歸課本P30)Astherocketroseintotheair，wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth’sgravity.隨著火箭的升空，由于我們?cè)谂昝摰厍虻囊?，我們被向后推在座位上。[歸納拓展]①Hepulledthedooropenandrushedout.他拉開(kāi)門(mén)，沖了出去。②(牛津P1604)Thepolicecarsignalledtoustopullin.警車(chē)發(fā)出信號(hào)，要我們駛向路邊停靠。③Wewavedasthetrainpulledoutofthestation.火車(chē)駛出車(chē)站時(shí)我們揮手告別。④ThedoctortoldmethatIwouldpullthrough.醫(yī)生告訴我，我會(huì)康復(fù)的。[例句探源]【高效記憶】3．用pulldown；pullin；pullout；pullthrough填空：(1)Houseswere________tomakewayforanewhighway.答案：pulleddown(2)Cheerup！Takemoreexerciseeverydayandyouwill________.答案：pullthrough[即境活用](3)John________behindmeandparked.答案：pulledin(4)Becarefulwhenyou________ofthedriveway.答案：pullouttime及時(shí)；終于，總有一天(回歸課本P25)Theywereintimetoproducecarbon，nitrogen，watervapourandothergases，whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.最終產(chǎn)生了碳、氮?dú)狻⑺魵夂推渌喾N氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。[歸納拓展]①Thekidswillbeleavinghomeinnotime.孩子們很快就要離開(kāi)家了。②(朗文P2162)Willyoubebackintimefordinner?你會(huì)及時(shí)趕回來(lái)吃晚飯嗎？③(朗文P2162)Ishouldbebackintimetowatchtheshow.我應(yīng)該及時(shí)趕回來(lái)看那場(chǎng)演出。④Thecompanyfiredhimfornotcomingtoworkontime.那家公司因他不按時(shí)上班而解雇了他。[例句探源]4．Willyoubehome________toseethechildrenbeforetheygotobed?A．ontimeB．intimeC．a(chǎn)tatime D．a(chǎn)tonetime解析：選B。句意：你會(huì)在孩子們上床睡覺(jué)之前回來(lái)看他們嗎？intime意為“及時(shí)”，符合題意。ontime按時(shí)；atatime每次；atonetime曾經(jīng)。[即境活用]5．________，IlostheartinEnglishlearning，butmyteacheroftensaidtome，“Keeponstudyinghard，andyou’llsucceed________.”A．Atatime；intimeB．Atatime；ontimeC．Atonetime；intimeD．Atonetime；ontime解析：選C。考查由time構(gòu)成的固定搭配的用法。句意：曾經(jīng)，我對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)失去信心，但老師常對(duì)我說(shuō)：“堅(jiān)持不懈的努力，最終會(huì)鑄就你的成功。”atatime“每次”；atonetime“曾經(jīng)，一度”相當(dāng)于once；intime“及時(shí)，遲早”，當(dāng)“遲早”講時(shí)相當(dāng)于soonerorlater；ontime“按時(shí)，準(zhǔn)時(shí)”。由句意知應(yīng)選C。6．(2022年江西景德鎮(zhèn)模擬)—Doesheoftenaskyouforhelp?—Oh，no，only________.A．a(chǎn)llthetimeB．a(chǎn)tonetimeC．a(chǎn)tatime D．a(chǎn)ttimes解析：選D。allthetime一直；atonetime曾經(jīng)；atatime一次；attimes有時(shí)。7．—IamafraidIcan’treturnthebooktoyoubeforeFriday.—________.A．Don’tbeafraid B．BecarefulC．Notatall D．Takeyourtime解析：選D。句意：——恐怕我不能在星期五之前把這本書(shū)還給你?！齺?lái)，別著急。Don’tbeafraid別害怕；Becareful小心，當(dāng)心；Notatall一點(diǎn)也不；Takeyourtime即touseasmuchtimeasyouneedwithouthurrying“不用急，慢慢來(lái)”。根據(jù)題意只有D項(xiàng)符合句意。one’sturn輪到某人；接著(回歸課本P26)Thustheyhave，intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.于是，他們接著成為了這個(gè)行星上最重要的動(dòng)物。[歸納拓展]①Whenitisinmyturn，Iamtooexcitedtospeak.當(dāng)輪到我時(shí)，我激動(dòng)得都說(shuō)不出話來(lái)了。②Thecustomerpraisedthemanager，whointurnpraisedhisstaff.顧客表?yè)P(yáng)了經(jīng)理，經(jīng)理轉(zhuǎn)而表?yè)P(yáng)了員工。③Alltheoriesarederivedfrompracticeandinturnservepractice.所有的理論都來(lái)源于實(shí)踐，并反過(guò)來(lái)為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。④Nowitisyourturntolookafterthechildren.現(xiàn)在輪到你照看孩子了。[例句探源]8．Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars，andthis________createsfurtherproblems.A．inshortB．incaseC．indoubt D．inturn解析：選D。inturn在該題中的意思為“反之；反過(guò)來(lái)”。[即境活用]...from...防止某事發(fā)生(回歸課本P26)Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere，whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他們把過(guò)多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去。[歸納拓展]①(朗文P1612)Guardsstoodatthedoorstopreventanyonefromleaving.守衛(wèi)站在門(mén)口阻止任何人離開(kāi)。②Oncehehasmadeuphismind，noonecanpreventhimfromcarryingouttheplan.一旦他下定決心，誰(shuí)也阻止不了他執(zhí)行這個(gè)計(jì)劃。③Hisadvicekeptmefrommakingaseriousmistake.他的忠告使我免于犯一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。[例句探源]9．Allpossiblemeans，nothingcan________himdyingoflungcancer.A．hastried；stopB．havetried；keepC．hasbeentried；preventD．havebeentried；stop解析：選D。前一句的主語(yǔ)是Allpossiblemeans，means用all修飾，看作是復(fù)數(shù)，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式并且用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；后一句是“阻止某人做某事”，him后省略了from，故選D。[即境活用]up(使)高興；使振奮；感到振奮(回歸課本P31)Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.我立刻感到很高興，由于失重我在太空艙里飄來(lái)飄去，我望著(身后的)地球越來(lái)越小，而(前方的)月球越來(lái)越大。[歸納拓展]①(牛津P327)GiveMaryacall;sheneedscheeringup.給瑪麗打個(gè)電話，她需要人安慰。②Thegoodnewscheered(up)everybodywhoheardit.喜訊使每一個(gè)聽(tīng)到的人感到高興。③ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang.看到劉翔后，人群熱烈歡呼起來(lái)。④Theydothisinordertoencouragecrowdstocheertheirsportsteams.她們這樣做是為了鼓勵(lì)人們?yōu)樗齻兊那蜿?duì)加油。[例句探源]10．—I’mthinkingofthetest’mafraidIcan’tpassthistime.—________！I’msureyou’llmakeit.A．GoaheadB．GoodluckC．Noproblem D．Cheerup解析：選D。句意：——我正在考慮明天考試的問(wèn)題，恐怕這次我會(huì)不及格?！褡髌饋?lái)！我相信你會(huì)通過(guò)的。根據(jù)上下文只有Cheerup“振作起來(lái)”符合題意，而Goahead繼續(xù)；Goodluck好運(yùn)氣；Noproblem沒(méi)問(wèn)題，均不符合題意。句型梳理1【教材原句】“...walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenow_thatgravityhaschanged.”(P31)“……既然重力改變了，走路也確實(shí)需要練一練了?！薄揪浞ǚ治觥縩owthat由于；既然，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)that可以省略。①Nowthatyouhavefinishedyourwork，you’dbetterhavearest.既然你的工作已經(jīng)做完了，最好休息一下吧。②Now(that)theweatherisfine，let’sgoforaride.既然天氣那么好，我們開(kāi)車(chē)去兜風(fēng)吧。③Nowyouhavegrownup，youcanmakeupyourmindbyyourself.你已長(zhǎng)大了，可以自己做決定了。[易混辨析]

because，since，as，for，nowthat(1)because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，一般指事情發(fā)生的直接原因，回答提問(wèn)時(shí)，一般放在主句之后。(2)since語(yǔ)氣較弱，指雙方都明確的原因或眾所周知的原因，側(cè)重主句，從句表示顯然的或已知的理由。(3)as語(yǔ)氣比because弱，所引導(dǎo)的從句表示的是顯而易見(jiàn)的原因和理由，從句一般放在主句前。(4)for是并列連詞，表示推斷的原因，或?qū)η耙环志溲a(bǔ)充說(shuō)明理由。for表示這一用法時(shí)需放在兩句之間。①Hewasabsentfromthemeetingbecausehewasillyesterday.②Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion，I’llasksomeoneelse.③Astherewasnoanswer，wewrotehimagain.④Itmusthaverainedlastnight，forthegroundiswet.[即境活用]11．________you’vegotachance，youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.A．NowthatB．AfterC．Although D．Assoonas解析：選A。句意：既然你得到了一次機(jī)會(huì)，不妨充分利用它。12．—DidyoureturnFred’scall?—Ididn’tneedto________I’llseehimtomorrow.A．though B．unlessC．when D．because解析：選D。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意看，后面的句子表示“沒(méi)有必要的原因”，所以用because。2【教材原句】ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfel