研究生英語試題

2023年1月研究生英語學(xué)位課統(tǒng)考真題AGENERALENGLISHQUALIFYINGTESTFORNON-ENGLISHMAJORGRADUATESTUDENTS(GETJAN0309)PAPERONEPARTⅠLISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearnineshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversationaquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbereadonlyonce.Choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenbymarkingthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringAnswerSheet.1.A.Shedoesnotreallyneedhishelp.B.Shehasnotstartedthinkingaboutityet.C.Sheisverygratefultothemanforhisadvice.D.Shehasalreadytalkedwiththeman.2.A.Climbingthemountainwasterribleandexhausting.B.Themountain'sscenerywasextremelybeautiful.C.Hecouldhardlybreatheafterclimbingontothetop.D.Thewindatopthemountainwasverystrong.3.A.Mixed.B.Fascinated.C.Enthusiastic.D.Disinterested.4.A.ThewomanlooksdownuponMargaret.B.ThewomanfeelsjealousofMargaret.C.MargarethasthechancetomeetstarsattheWhiteHouse.D.Margarethassetahighgoalinhercareer.5.A.Hedoesn'tthinkthewomancandoboththingswell.B.Hedoesn'tthinkthewomancandoboththingsatthesametime.C.Hesuggeststhewomanstayathometotakecareofherdaughter.D.Heencouragesthewomantodoapart-timejob.6.A.Chrisandthemanaregoodfriends.B.Chrisisillsothemangiveshimsomemoney.C.Christoldthemanhedecidedtoreturnthemoney.D.ThemantreatsChrisasChrishastreatedhim.7.A.Themanwillgetahighscoreintheexam.B.Themandidn'tdevotehimselftohisstudy.C.Thewomanwouldhavehelpedhimintheexam.D.Theteacherissostrictthatthestudentshavetodowhathesays.8.A.Themanshowshisgoodwilltothewoman.B.Themansuggestshernotregrettingwhat'salreadyhappened.C.Thewomanisconfidentabouthandlingaprojectwell.D.Thewomanisupsetbecausehermilkwasspilt.9.A.Hewasplayingajoke.B.HewasleavingBoston.C.HewasmovingtoBoston.D.Hewassellinghishousehimself.SectionBDirections:Inthissectionyouwillheartwomini-talks.Attheendofeachtalk,therewillbesomequestions.Boththetalksandthequestionswillbereadtoyouonlyonce.Aftereachquestion,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenbymarkingthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringAnswerSheet.Mini-talkOne10.A.SocialResearch.B.WorldValuesSurvey.C.TheWorld'sHappiestCountry.D.PerspectivesonPsychologicalScience.11.A.Happinesslevelsaroundtheworlddonotreallychange.B.Manypeoplearoundtheworldliketotalkabouthappiness.C.Manypeoplearoundtheworldarehappiernowthaninthepast.D.Manypeoplearoundtheworldarelesshappynowthaninthepast.12.A.Thehealth-caresysteminthecountryisgood.B.Peopleinthecountrysharestrongfamilyties.C.Thereisnohungerinthecountry.D.Thereisnopoliticalandsocialunrest.Mini-talkTwo13.A.Itcanfindsmallchangesbelowgroundbeforetheearthquake.B.Thedevicesareplacedmuchdeeperbelowground.C.Thenewelectricaldevicesarehighlysensitive.D.Itcanhelpfindtheearthquake-pronearea.14.A.Theflowoftheundergroundwater.B.ThemovementintheEarth'scenter.C.Theincreaseofthetemperaturebelowground.D.Therocksbelowgroundpushingtogether.15.A.Itcanhelpreducethepowerofmajorearthquakes.B.Itcanprovideasignalafewdaysbeforeamajorearthquake.C.Itcanprovideasignaluptotenhoursbeforeamajorearthquake.D.Itcantellpeoplewheretheearthquakecenteris.SectionCDirections:Inthissectionyouwillhearashortlecture.Listentotherecordingandcompletethenotesaboutthelecture.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.AftertherecordingyouareaskedtowritedownyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.Younowhave25secondstoreadthenotesbelow.16.Itisestimatedthatatleastonemillionpeopledieeveryyearbecauseofcomplications______.17.TheprogramusedbytheUnitedNationsagencytoreducemistakesisaroundanew______.18.In2023,thedeathratethatsurgicalcomplicationsledtoindevelopingcountrieswas______.19.Theveryfirststepforthechecklististoconfirmthe______andtheoperationtobeperformed.20.Surgicalequipmentiscountedtomakesure______staysinthepatient.PARTⅡVOCABULARYSectionADirections:Therearetenquestionsinthissection.Eachquestionisasentencewithonewordorphraseunderlined.BelowthesentencearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.Markthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringAnswerSheet.21.Withthedebtapproachingastaggeringsum,thiscompanyhadnochoicebuttodeclarebankruptcy.A.astonishingB.swayingC.tremblingD.amusing22.Whatyouhavejustsaidseemstohavenothingtodowiththematterinquestion.A.underattackB.underconsiderationC.undersuspicionD.underway23.Inthelightofthecurrentnewshisargumentseemstobewellgroundedandconvincing.A.OnaccountofB.BymeansofC.WithregardtoD.Inviewof24.OverseasathletesandofficialswereimpressedbythesuperbperformanceofChinesecounterparts.A.uniqueB.splendidC.unbelievableD.imaginative25.Youdon'thavetoaskhimtorenderanaccountofhisactions,forherarelytellsthetruth.A.deliverB.narrateC.settleD.compress26.Schoolsareadvisedtoworktogetherwithparentstoaddresstheissueofaddictiontocomputergames.A.speaktoB.dealwithC.takedownD.gofor27.Incontrast,thethreatposedbythesecondsourceofmajorterrorismisrealandlarge.A.proposedB.presentedC.predictedD.prevented28.AroundtheSpringFestival,aprevailingpracticeistoexchangegreetingsandvisits.A.prevalentB.populousC.precedingD.present29.Mymomwouldratherputhonestyfirstinherhierarchyofvalues,whichisimportantforourgrowth.A.inventoryB.gradingC.accumulationD.assessment30.Wehavecometorealizetheneedtoleaveenoughenvironmentalspaceforouroffspring.A.contemporariesB.ancestorsC.descendantsD.neighborsSectionBDirections:Therearetenquestionsinthissection.Eachquestionisasentencewithsomethingmissing.BeloweachsentencearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.Markthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringAnswerSheet.31.Somestoriesbringasmile,becausethey______someofficialswhocarenothingbuttheirownposition.A.makesenseofB.pokefunatC.giverisetoD.letgoof32.TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyhasputforwardwhat______themostseriousgovernmentwarningtodate.A.addstoB.objectstoC.occurstoD.amountsto33.Thesepapershavehelpedto______thecausesofdepressionandwaysoutofdepression.A.catchsightofB.takeadvantageofC.shedlightonD.getalongwith34.Apersonmustsatisfyhisphysiologicalneeds,suchasfood,clothingandshelter,before______anyotherobjective.A.chasingB.pursuingC.sustainingD.searching35.Wealth,advancededucationanda______occupationcangiveapersonhighstatusinsociety.A.tediousB.wearyC.prestigiousD.notorious36.Studieshaveshownthatworkers'desiretobeacceptedbyco-workerscould______themmorestronglythanthedesiretoearnmoremoney.A.hamperB.motivateC.interveneD.streamline37.Anetworkofminiaturetoxindetectorshasbeen______in30Americancitiesforthesakeofbio-security.A.deployedB.committedC.indulgedD.immersed38.Since2023,some60millionvisitorstotheU.S.havehadtheirtwoindexfingerprintsrecordedbyan______scanner.A.oppositeB.organicC.occasionalD.optical39.Withthissensitivemachine,wecanfindthe______ofamilligramofaspirininanOlympic-sizeswimmingpool.A.counterpartB.equivalentC.averageD.installation40.Theconstructionof______andtheoriesreflectsthescientists'interpretationofwhathasbeenobserved.A.prototypesB.hypothesesC.fantasiesD.imaginationsPARTⅢCLOZETESTDirections:Thereare10questionsinthispartofthetest.Readthepassagethrough.Then,gobackandchooseonesuitablewordorphrasemarkedA,B,C,orDforeachblankinthepassage.Markthecorrespondingletterofthewordorphraseyouhavechosenwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringAnswerSheet.Bluecollarandgovernmentjobsareamongthemost(41)careersforU.S.graduates,accordingtoU.S.Newsmagazine's2023BestCareersreport.U.S.employersareincreasinglyoffshoringprofessionaljobs.Thismeanslessjobs(42)college-graduateskills,themagazinesays.Asinmanyothercountries,U.S.highschoolstudentsaretoldthatcollegeisthe(43).Sothere'sagrowing(44)ofskilledpeopleinjobsthatdon'trequireacollegeeducation.Butthereportalsosaysthatsomerewardingblue-collarcareers,suchastechnicalworkinthebiomedicalequipmentandsecuritysystemssectors,aremore(45)tocollegegraduates.Thesearemoreknowledge-basedthantheusualblue-collarjobs.Governmentisbecominganemployerof(46).Corporations,fueledbypressurestocompeteglobally,continuetogetever(47).Non-profitorganizationsareincreasinglystrappedforcash.Governmentisabletopayemployeeswell,(48)theirpracticesareeconomicallysound,themagazinesays.Thereportalsoindicatesthatsocial(49)maybetheenemyofcontentmentincareer.Peopleareflockingingreaternumberstocareersinthelaw,medicineandarchitecture.Yetrecentsurveysofjobsatisfactioninthoseprofessions(50)aless-than-rosypicture.41.A.profitableB.promisingC.promptD.progressive42.A.acquireB.inquireC.requireD.request43.A.routeB.roadC.passageD.way44.A.shortageB.necessityC.decreaseD.increase45.A.capableofgoingB.likelytogoC.pronetogoingD.abletogo46.A.rightB.electionC.choiceD.occasion47.A.fatterB.heavierC.lighterD.leaner48.A.whetherornotB.nowandthenC.offandonD.soandso49.A.postB.statusC.levelD.grade50.A.purchaseB.demonstrateC.paintD.alterPARTⅣREADINGCOMPREHENSIONDirections:Inthispartofthetest,therearefiveshortpassages.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthendothequestionsthatfollow.Choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringAnswerSheet.PassageOneJustinwasalwaysprepared.Hismottowas"Neverthrowanythingout,youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy."Hisbedroomwassofulloffiatbicycletires,benttennisrackets,deflatedbasketballs,andgameswithmissingpiecesthatyoucouldbarelygetinthedoor.Hisparentspleadedwithhimtocleanouthisroom."Whatuseisafishtankwithaholeinthebottom?"hisfatherasked.ButJustinsimplysmiledandrepeatedhismotto,"Neverthrowanythingout,youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy."WhenJustinwasawayfromhome,healwayscarriedhisbluebackpack.Helikedtothinkofitasasmallerversionofhisbedroom--aplacetostorethemanyobjectsthathecollected.Itwassowornandstretchedthatithardlyresembledabackpackanymore.Itwasfullofthekindofthingsthatseemedunimportant,butwhenusedwithalittleimagination,mightcomeinhandy.Justinhadearnedareputationforfiguringthingsoutandgettingpeopleoutofotherwisehopelesssituations.Manyofhisclassmatesandneighborssoughthimoutwhentheyneededhelpwithaproblem.Onthefirstdayofschool,hisfriendKenny,camelookingforJustin."Doyouthinkyouhavesomethinginyourbagthatcouldhelpmeremembermylockercombination?"heasked."Ilostthescrapofpaperitwaswrittenon.IhavescienceclassintwominutesandifI'mlateonthefirstdayit'llmakemelookbadfortherestoftheyear."Kennylookedgenuinelyworried."Relax,"Justinsaid,takinghisbackpackoffandunzippingthetop."Rememberhowyouborrowedmynotebookinhomeroomtowritethecombinationdown?Well,Iknowhowwecanrecoverwhatyouwrote."Hetookthenotebookandasoftleadpenciloutofhisbag.ThepagethatKennyhadwrittenonhadleftfaintindentations(印凹痕)onanotherpageinthenotebook.Justinheldthepencilonitssideandrubbeditlightlyovertheindentations.Slowlybutsurelythenumbersofthelockercombinationappearedinwhite,setoffbythegraypencilrubbings."That'samazing!"Kennysaid."Ioweyouone."Andhedashedofftoopenhislocker.51.WhyisJustin'sroomsuchamess?A.Healwaysforgetstocleanit.B.Heneverthrowsanythingaway.C.Hehasnotimetocleanit.D.HesharesaroomwithKenny.52.Theword"pleaded"inParagraph1canbestbereplacedby______.A.ignoredB.askedC.pushedD.begged53.InwhatwayisJustin'sbackpackasmallerversionofhisbedroom?A.Heusesitasaplacetostoreobjects.B.Heusesittocarryhisbooksandsportsequipment.C.Hisparentstellhimtocleanitallthetime.D.Hehashaditfortoolongatime.54.HowdoesJustinhelphisfriends?A.Heoffersthemadvice.B.Heloansthemhisbackpack.C.Helistenstotheirproblems.D.Heusestheobjectsinhisbackpack.55.HowcomeJustincouldhelpKennyrecoverhislockercombination?A.JustinrememberedKenny'slockercombination.B.KennyhadleftthescrapofpaperinJustin'sbackpack.C.KennyhadleftindentationsofthecombinationonJustin'snotebook.D.Justinfoundthescrapofpaperthelockercombinationwaswrittenon.56.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthisstoryisto______.A.informB.entertainC.educateD.satirizePassageTwoOnlymomentsafterannouncingapolicyofzerotoleranceoncellphoneuseintheclassroom,AliNazemiheardaring.Nazemi,abusinessprofessoratRoanokeCollegeinVirginia,tookoutahammerandwalkedtowardsayoungman.Hesmashedtheoffendingdevice.Students'facesturnedwhiteallovertheclassroom.ThisepisodereflectsagrowingchallengeforAmericancollegeteachersin,astheNewYorkTimesputsit,a"NewClass(room)War:Teachervs.Technology".Fortunately,thesmashed-phoneincidenthadbeenplannedaheadoftimetodemonstrateteachers'angeratinattentivestudentsdistractedbyhigh-techgadgets.Atage55,Nazemistandsonthefarshoreofanewsortofgenerationaldividebetweenteacherandstudent.Thedivideseparatesthosewhowanttousetechnologytogrowsmarterfromthosewhowanttouseittogetdumber.Perhapsthere'sanicerwaytoputit."Thebabyboomersseemtoseetechnologyasinformationandcommunication,"saidMichaelBugeja,theauthorofInterpersonalDivide:theSearchforCommunityinaTechnologicalAge."Theirchildrenseemtoseethesamedevicesasentertainmentandsocializing."Alltheadvancesschoolsandcollegeshavemadetosupposedlyenhancelearninghaveinsteadenableddistraction.Bugeja'sonlinesurveyofseveralhundredstudentsfoundthatamajorityhadusedtheircellphones,sentorreade-mail,andloggedontosocial-networksitesduringclasstime.Aquarteroftherespondentsadmittedtheyweretakingthesurveywhilesittinginadifferentclass.TheCanadiancompanySmartTechnologiesmakesandsellsaprogramcalledSynchronEyes.Itallowsaclassroomteachertomonitoreverystudent'scomputeractivityandtofreezeitataclick.Lastyear,thecompanysoldmorethan10,000licenses.Thebiggestproblem,saidNancyKnowlton,thecompany'schiefexecutiveofficer,isstayingaheadofstudentstryingtocracktheprogram'scode."There'sanactivediscussionontheWeb,andwe'remonitoringit."Knowltonsaid."Theykeepusonourtoes."57.Prof.Nazemismashedthestudent'scellphonewithahammerbecause______.A.studentsinhisclassdidn'tlistentohisannouncementB.hehatednewgadgetssuchascellphonesC.henolongertoleratedcellphoneuseintheclassroomD.hewantedtoshowhowdistractivethecellphonewas58.Accordingtothepassagehigh-techgadgetscanmakeyoungsters______.A.moreintelligentB.morestupidC.studymoreeasilyD.getmoreinformation59."Thebabyboomers"inParagraph3probablyrefersto______.A.thegenerationofpeoplelikeAllNazemiB.thegenerationofpeoplelikeAllNazemi'sstudentsC.theveryyoungbabiesD.thepeoplewhowereborninthe1980s60.AllthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT______.A.schoolshaveusedadvanceddevicestoenhancestudents'learningB.manystudentsusetheircellphonesduringclasstimeC.youngpeopleseetheinterpersonaldevicesastoysD.schools'advancedfacilitiesareeffectivelyusedbystudents61.ThebiggestproblemfortheCanadiancompanySmartTechnologiesis______.A.studentsmaysoondecodetheirprogramSynchronEyesB.whethertheyhavetherighttoallowteacherstomonitorstudentsC.theymustselltheprogramwithoutthestudents'knowingofitD.theyhavetodiscusswhethertheSynchronEyesisusefulontheWeb62.Thebesttitleofthispassageis______.A.DifferentOpinionsBetweenTeachersandStudentsB.ClassroomChaosoverGadgetUseC.TheDevelopmentofClassroomWarsD.KeepUsonOurToesPassageThreeHandinhandwiththeoneyoulove,yougazeatthehorizontowatchtheearthrise.Itsoundslikesciencefiction,butcompaniesaroundtheworldareworkinghardtomakethissortofholidayareality.Theideaofspacetourismhasbeenaroundfornearlyfortyyearsnow.AtfirstNASAmadeplansfortheultimateinholidaydestinations,butthenprivatecompaniesbecameinvolvedinthemid-1980s.TheChallengershuttledisasterof1986postponedtheirplans,butnowspaceisbackasafutureholidayresort.TheHiltonhotelgrouphasproducedambitiousandseriousplansforhotelsonthemoon,aswellasorbitinghotels,hopingtogivetheirspacetourists'differentholidayexperience.Butzero-gravitywillbealittleuncomfortable."Therewillbespacemotionsicknessinthefirstfewdays,withheadachesandnausea."saysGeorgeTurner,ahopefulspacetouroperator.Hotelswilltrytopreventtheseproblemsbyprovidingareaswiththesensationofgravity.Thismeansgoingtopartsofthehotelthatwillbespinning.Centrifugal(離心的)forcewillpushyouagainstthewall,andgivethefeelingofsomeweight.Sinceitwillbepossibletoliedown,manypeoplewillprobablyprefertosleepintheseareas.Thealternativewillbetostrapthemselvesintoasleepingbagattachedtoawall.Sunbathingwillbepossible,butwillrequiresomeverystrongsunscreenprotectionfactor.1,000willdoit.Howevertheplansalldependononething:cheapspacetravel.Atthemomenttheonlyre-usablerocketisNASA'sspaceshuttle.ThecostofeachshuttlelaunchisU.S.$1billion.AspacecraftthatonlycostsU.S.$2millionperlaunchiswhatthetravelindustryislookingfor.Sofarthatremainsafar-offdream,butitmaycomealotcloserifsomeonewinstheX-Prize.Launchedin1997,theX-PrizeoffersU.S.$10milliontoanyonewhocanbuildare-usablespacecraft.Allyouhavetodoislaunchthreepeople100kmintospacetwicewithinthreeweeks.Sofar16companiesareracingtowintheprizemoney.Buttherealprizewillbetheincomefromspacetourism,estimatedtobeU.S.$12billionperyear:asTurnerexplains:"Justthinkwhatyou'llbeabletotellyourfriendsthatyouhadaholidaythatwasreallyoutofthisworld!"63.Theideaofspendingholidaysinspace______.A.wasfirstproposedbyNASAinthemid-1980sB.hadbeenquestionedbyNASAfornearly40yearsC.becameappealingtoprivatecompaniesinthemid-1980sD.drewtheattentionofprivatecompaniesfourdecadesago64.AccordingtoHilton,intheirhotelsonthemoon______.A.zerogravitywillnotbeaproblemtotouristsB.motionsicknessisstillunavoidablefortouristsC.adjustmenttospacelifewillbeeasierwithtrainingfortouristsD.excitementmayhelptouristsovercometheirphysicaldiscomfort65.Thespinningareasinspacehotelswillhelptourists______.A.takethesunbathB.sleeplyingdownC.fixtheirsleepingbagsD.enjoythespacewalk66.WhatcanwelearnabouttheX-Prize?A.ItsaimistocutthecostofperspacecraftlaunchtoU.S.$2million.B.Thewinnerhasmanagedtoputpeopleintospacetwicein3weeks.C.It'sofferedbyNASAtobuildanewtypeofreusablespacecraft.D.ManycompaniesarecompetingtowintheU.S.$10millionprize.67.WhatistheattitudeofTurnertowardsthefutureofspacetourism?A.Confident.B.Cautious.C.Suspicious.D.Uninterested.68.Thepassageisfocusedon______.A.whyitispossibletomakespacetourismarealityB.whatshouldbedonetoprepareforspacetourismC.theplansforspacetourismandtheexistingproblemsD.theopportunitiesandchallengesposedbyspacetourismPassageFourDefendingtheFrenchlanguagefromthecreepinginvasionofEnglishhaslongbeenafavoritepastimeofFrance'selite.In2023JacquesChiracwalkedoutofaBrusselssummitinprotestataFrenchmanspeakinginEnglish.ItisapointofnationalpridetoprotectFrenchmusic,film,evenadvertising,fromthecorruptinginfluenceofEnglish.SowhyaretheFrenchgivingupthestruggle?AsFrenchchildrenfiledbacktoschoolonSeptember2nd,XavierDarcos,theeducationminister,announcedthathewasincreasingEnglish-languageteachinginthecurriculum."I'vehadenoughofhearingthattheFrenchdonotlearnEnglish,"hesaid."It'sabigdisadvantageforinternationalcompetition."Bytheendofcompulsoryschooling,hepromised,allpupilsshouldbebilingual.TheFrenchareembracingEnglishinlesshigh-mindedwaystoo.WhentheyenteredasonginEnglishatthisyear'sEurovisionsongcontest,itprovokedironicamusementabroad,butindifferenceathome.InfactformanyyoungFrenchmusicianssinginginEnglishisnowevenderigueur."ThechildrenofglobalizationaregivingupwritinginFrench,"declaredLeMonde,thebibleoftheFrenchelitewithoutapparentregret.DespiterulesrequiringadvertisingslogansinEnglishtobesub-titled,FrenchmanufacturersstillborrowEnglishwords.France'sfashionpressisanothercross-dresser,writingof"Vivelafashionattitude".Inapost-moderntwist,teenagersareimportingAmericanslangviatheheavilynorthAfricansuburbs,wherehip-hopflourishesandstreetdressisstyledonNewYorkcity.OncethismighthavehadofficialFrancespeakingwithindignation.TherulesdesignedtofendoffEnglishremain--andareanobstacletonewmusicianswhodonotqualifyforthequotaofradiotimereservedforsingersinFrench.Yetintheglobalized,internetage,theFrenchseemtorealize,asMrDarcosputit,thatthelosersfromarefusaltolearnEnglisharethemselves--andthatspeakingitneednotmakethemlessFrench.PartofthisisdowntoMrChirac'ssuccessor,NicolasSarkozy,who,althoughnolinguist,rejectstheanti-AmericanismthataddsmuchhostilitytoEnglish.Appropriately,thenewalbumbyhiswifeCarlaBruni,hasatrackinEnglish--presumablynotonehispredecessorwilllistento.69.AccordingtotheeducationministerXavierDarcos,______.A.FrenchpupilswillbenefitfrommoreEnglishlearningB.itisnecessarytoprotecttheFrenchlanguageinschoolsC.compulsoryEnglishlessonsmaynotbeasgoodasexpectedD.globalizationhasputtheFrenchlanguageatanadvantage70.Whatdoesthephrase"derigueur"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Problematic.B.Unsuccessful.C.Tolerable.D.Proper.71.ItcanbelearnedthatleMonde______.A.stronglysupportstheuseofEnglishB.isworryingabouttherapidspreadofEnglishC.feelssorrythattheFrenchpreferEnglishoverFrenchD.considersitacceptablefortheFrenchtousemoreEnglish72.WhichofthefollowingfieldsisNOTmentionedtodemonstratetherisingEnglishinfluence?A.Music.B.Commerce.C.Advertising.D.Fashion.73.ComparedwithMr.Chirac,PresidentSarkozy______Frenchman'susingEnglish.A.ismorecriticalofB.carestoomuchaboutC.givesmoresupporttoD.gainsmoreprofitsfrom74.Thebesttitleforthepassageis"______".A.Thenever-endingbattletodefendtheFrenchlanguageB.PredominanceoftheEnglishlanguageinmodernFranceC.TheFrenchhostilitytotheEnglishlanguageisrelaxedD.TensionemergedbetweentheFrenchandEnglishlanguagesPassageFiveFormuchofitshistory,psychologyhasseemedobsessedwithhumanfailingsandpathology.Theveryideaofpsychotherapy,firstformalizedbyFreud,restsonaviewofhumanbeingsastroubledcreaturesinneedofrepair.Freudhimselfwasprofoundlypessimisticabouthumannature,whichhefeltwasgovernedbydeep,darkdrivesthatwecouldhardlycontrol.Thescientistswhofolloweddevelopedamodelofhumanlifethatseemedtomanymechanicalifnotrobotic:humanswerepassivebeingsharshlyshapedbythestimuliandtherewardsandpunishmentsthatsurroundedthem.AfterWorldWarⅡ,psychologiststriedtoexplainhowsomanyordinarycitizenscouldhaveagreedwithfascism,anddidworksymbolizedinthe1950classicTheAuthoritarianPersonalitybyT.W.Adorno,etal.Socialpsychologistsfollowedon.Someofthemostfamousexperimentsprovedthatnormalfolkcouldbecomecoldlyinsensitivetosufferingwhenobeying"legitimate"ordersorcruellyaggressivewhenplayingtheroleofprisonguard.Awatershedmomentarrivedin1998,whenUniversityofThoughnotdenyinghumanity'sflaws,thenewpositivepsychologistsrecommendfocusingonpeople'sstrengthsandvirtuesasapointofdeparture.Ratherthananalyzethepsychopathologyunderlyingalcoholism,forexample,positivepsychologistsmightstudythetoughnessofthosewhohavemanagedasuccessfulrecovery--forexample,throughorganizationslikeAlcoholicsAnonymous.Insteadofviewingreligionasadelusionandasupport,asdidFreud,theymightidentifythemechanismsthroughwhichaspiritualpracticelikemeditationenhancesmentalandphysicalhealth.Theirlabexperimentsmightseektodefinenottheconditionsthatinducewickedbehavior,butthosethatfostergenerosity,courage,creativity,andlaughter.Seligman'sideaquicklycaughton.TheGallupOrganizationfoundedtheGallupPositivePsychologyInstitutetosponsorscholarlyworkinthefield.In1999,60scholarsgatheredforthefirstGallupPositivePsychologySummit;twoyears