專題2閱讀理解第2節(jié)分類突破八詞句猜測-詞義猜測題

八、詞句猜測——詞義猜測題（2018?全國ni,D）Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings，anditworked.Becauseofourefforts，ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund（基金）（?？凇竗indergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor）.Forweeks，I’vebeenthinkingofbigger，deeperquestions：Howdowemakeitahabitforthem？Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith，need，anduseless？Yesterday，Isatwithmyson，Shepherd，determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes，tenminutes，max.Ichosearedrubberball—simple，universallyavailable.Wepassedit，hetriedtoputitinhismouth，hetriedbouncingit，rollingit，sittingonit，throwingit.Itwastotally，completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.語篇解讀本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，題材是生活哲理。文章介紹了作者如何教育自己的孩子用更少的物質(zhì)過更豐富的生活。32．Whatdothewords“moreismore”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Themore，thebetter. B．Enoughisenough.C．Moremoney，moreworries. D．Earnmoreandspendmore.答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段第三句"ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.”可知，作者不認(rèn)同前面的moreismore這種觀點；再根據(jù)第一句可知，成人能夠理解物質(zhì)過剩的感受，可是當(dāng)涉及孩子時，我們卻會認(rèn)為（孩子）擁有的東西越多越好。moreismore是相對于enoughisenough而言的。故選A。33．WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?A．Savingupforherholiday.B．Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl.C．Addingthemoneytoherfund.D．Givingthemoneytoasickmother.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句可知，當(dāng)我們許諾把賣掉這些物品的錢放到她的教育基金里的時候，她才同意賣。故選C。34．WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?A．Totryoutanidea.B．Toshowaparent’slove.C．Totrainhisattention.D．Tohelphimstartahobby.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三句中的“determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis”和第四句中的“Idecidedtoplaywithhim”可知，作者和兒子玩耍是為了測試自己的理論：livemorewithless。故選A。35．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TakeItorLeaveItB．ALessonfromKidsC．LiveMorewithLessD．ThePleasureofGiving答案C解析標(biāo)題歸納題。第一段的最后一句是文章中心句，即作者想要教會孩子“howtolivemorewithless"；接下來是作者為此所做的努力和嘗試。文章最后一句也是對中心句的回應(yīng)。故選C。一、題型解讀詞義猜測題基本上是閱讀理解每年必考的題型。詞義猜測是一種閱讀技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短時間內(nèi)根據(jù)上下文快速猜測所指定的某一個生詞、詞組或者句子含義的能力，而這些詞和詞組往往都超出考綱范圍，但在文章閱讀中起到一定的作用。由此看來，對于生詞的理解是否準(zhǔn)確，直接影響著閱讀理解題得分的高低，對能否取得好的高考成績有著舉足輕重的作用。詞義猜測題的命題方式有：(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”probablymean?(2)Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans.(3)Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbereplacedby.(4)Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standsfor?(5)Bysaying“…”wemean.(6)“…”usedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas.(7)Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“...”？二、解題技巧——巧用線索猜詞義1．根據(jù)定義、釋義或同位語進行猜測有些文章，特別是科技說明文，作者通常會對一些關(guān)鍵詞或?qū)I(yè)術(shù)語下定義，通過閱讀定義和解釋部分，考生便可理解該詞或短語的意思。有時，需要猜測的單詞或短語后面會緊跟一個同位語，作為對前面的詞或短語的解釋說明。有時，文章會用冒號、破折號、括號等對某個詞或短語加以解釋說明。例如：Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice（器械）thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem：Paris’sheartbeatreturned.分析：所猜測單詞defibrillator后面出現(xiàn)了同位語anelectronicdevice（器械）thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork（一個可以電擊心臟使其重新工作的電子器械）來進行解釋說明,我們可推知其詞義應(yīng)為“（心臟）除顫器”。2．根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法進行猜測英語中通過詞根加詞綴或兩個單詞合成的方式可以構(gòu)成新詞。因此,掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識,再結(jié)合上下文語境,也可以快速猜測詞義。例如：Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.分析：根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識我們可知，un-為否定前綴，-ness為名詞后綴，easy（舒適）為詞根。因此，我們可知uneasiness為“不安；擔(dān)憂”之意。3．根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進行猜測在閱讀理解文章的句子或段落中,若兩個事物或兩種現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,這時我們可以根據(jù)這種因果邏輯關(guān)系推斷詞或短語的含義。表示因果關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞有because，so,thus，therefore,asaresultof,since,sothat,so/such...that...等。例如:Mysoncouldnotfollowtheteacher'sdirections，hetoldme，andthus，Scolawasdisruptingtheclass.Didn’theknowmysondidnotspeakEnglishyet?試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disrupting”probablymean?A．Breaking. B．Following.C．Attending. D．Disturbing.分析：畫線單詞所在的句子出現(xiàn)了因果關(guān)系標(biāo)志詞thus，由前面的原因“我兒子聽不懂老師的指示”可以推知，“他因此認(rèn)為我兒子Scola干擾了課堂”,故選D項。其余三項都不符合這一因果邏輯關(guān)系。4．根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進行猜測在畫線單詞或短語前后有時會出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)，它往往暗示了該詞或該短語的含義，這時可從熟悉的詞語中推知生詞或短語的含義。常見的表示相同或相近意義的詞和短語有and,or,like,aswell,similarly,too,also,either等。例如：Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration（合作）withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid,Spain,andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg，F(xiàn)lorida.試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contributions”referto?A．Artworks. B．Projects.C．Donations. D．Documents.分析：畫線單詞contributions前出現(xiàn)了and,可利用同義或近義關(guān)系進行猜測。and前面提到了thefineselectionofthemajorworks(精選的重要作品)，后面說contributions來自其他機構(gòu)，由并列關(guān)系可以推斷出contributions應(yīng)該屬于works的范疇，同時文中明確表示contributions是來自museum的，故選A項。5．根據(jù)反義、轉(zhuǎn)折和對比關(guān)系進行猜測有些需要猜測詞義的詞或短語前后會出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊脑~語,運用這些詞語也可以幫助猜測詞義。能體現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折、對比關(guān)系的詞匯很多，常見的有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead(of)，ontheotherhand，ratherthan，onthecontrary等。例如：Intheevening，ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace，withgoldenlightstreamingacrossthegrassydeltaandtheanimalscomingouttoeatanddrink.Sedatethoughtheyare，ridesatthistimeofdayarestillveryimpressive.試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sedate”probablymean?A．Wildandromantic. B．Slowandpeaceful.C．Hungryandthirsty. D．Activeandexcited.分析：畫線詞語所在句子的句意為“雖然它們，但是在一天的這個時候騎馬觀賞仍然令人印象非常深刻?！庇蓆hough可知前后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，再結(jié)合前一句中提到的atamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace可知，應(yīng)選B項，sedate意為“不慌不忙的”。6．根據(jù)上下文進行猜測有些詞義猜測題找不到以上標(biāo)志線索，這時可以利用上下文提供的情景和線索進行合乎邏輯的綜合分析，進而推測詞義，這也是近幾年來高考考查的熱點。例如：Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette，butyou’llneedawarm，shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit，soit'sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream”probablymean?A．Apracticalidea. B．Avainhope.C．Abrilliantplan. D．Aselfishdesire.分析：根據(jù)連接詞so可知上下文之間存在著因果關(guān)系，故我們需要從上文中尋找答案。由上文中的“OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette，butyou'llneedawarm，shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit...”可知，盡管OrleansReinette是很好的品種，但是對各項條件的要求很高，因此大多數(shù)喜歡它的人種植它的希望會落空。故選B項。A（2018?黑龍江齊齊哈爾一模）83-year-oldAntonioVicentehasspentthelastfourdecadesofhislifefightingagainstthetrend.AsBrazilianlandowners9cutdownrainforeststomakeroomfor1profitableplantations（種植園）andcattlegrounds，hestruggledtobringthejunglesofhischildhoodbacktolife.“WhenIwasachild，thepeasantscutdownthetreestomakegrasslandsandcharcoal，andthewaterdriedupanddidnotcomeback，”hetoldthereporters.“Ithought：‘Waterisvaluable，noonemakeswaterandthepopulationwillnotstopgrowing.Whatisgoingtohappen?Wearegoingtorunoutofwater.’”Withonlysomedonkeysandasmallteamofhiredworkers，AntonioVicentesetaboutbringingbacktheforesttohisland.Whatstartedoutasaweekendhobbysoonbecamea2permanentwayoflife，andAntoniorecallsoftenspendingwholedaysandnightsinhisyoungjungle，surroundedbyratsandfoxes，andeatingbananasandwichesforbreakfast，lunchanddinner.Overthelast40years，hehasplantedanestimated50,000treesonhis31-hectareland，whichnowmakeupasmallbutuniqueareaofrainforest，andahavenforwildlife.Astheforestgrew，thewaterreturned，andAntoniosaysthattherearenowover20watersourcesonhislandthatwerenolongertherewhenheboughtit.Thentheanimalsstartedmakingahomethere.Today，theforestisalivewiththesoundsofbirdsand3insectslivingthere，andmorespeciesaresettlingineveryyear.“Therearetoucans（巨嘴鳥），allkindsofbirds，squirrels，lizards，andeventheboarsarereturning，”83-year-oldVicentesays.“Ifyouaskmewhomyfamilyare，Iwouldsayallisrighthere，eachoneofthesethatIplantedfromaseed.”語篇解讀本文主要講述一位83歲的老人用40年時間讓熱帶雨林恢復(fù)生機的故事。1．WhatdowelearnabouttheBrazilianpeasants?A．Theywastedmuchwateronfarming.B．Theyfocusedonshort-termprofits.C．Theycaredmuchabouttheenvironment.D．Theyreliedheavilyonrainforestsforaliving.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“AsBrazilianlandownerscutdownrainforeststomakeroomforprofitableplantations...”及第二段中的“thewaterdriedupanddidnotcomeback”可知，巴西的農(nóng)民關(guān)注的是短期的利益。故選B。2．WhatusedtobeyoungAntonio’sbiggestconcern?A．Overpopulation. B．Pollutedwater.C．Lossofgrasslands. D．Watershortage.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Waterisvaluable，noonemakeswaterandthepopulationwillnotstopgrowing.Whatisgoingtohappen?Wearegoingtorunoutofwater.”可知，年輕的Antonio最關(guān)心的是水的短缺。故選D。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“haven”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Trap. B．Disaster.C．Shelter. D．Balance.答案C解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中的insectslivingthere，andmorespeciesaresettlingineveryyear”可知，昆蟲生活在這里，每年更多的物種在這里定居，由此可推斷出這里成了野生生物的“安居地，避難所”。故選C。4.Inthelastparagraph,Antoniomainlyexpresseshis.A．4affectionforhisforestB.thanksforhisfamilyC.deeploveforrarebirdsD.prideasasuccessfulfarmer答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ifyouaskmewhomyfamilyare,Iwouldsayallisrighthere,eachoneofthesethatIplantedfromaseed.”可推知，Antonio主要在表達他對森林的愛。故選A。B（2018?廣東茂名一模）Haveyoueverlostyourcaronaparkinglot?Ithappens.Youparkandgoshopping.Whenyougetback，youhavenoideawhereyourcaris.Itcanbediscouraging.Youdon'tneedtoinstall（安裝）anexpensiveGPSsystemtokeeplotrackofyourcar.That'stooexpensive.Youwouldneedtopayamonthly5subscriptionfeejusttouseit.Butisthereawaytotrackyour6vehiclewithoutspendingafortune?Yes，nowthereis!ACalifornia-basedstart-upcompanyisabletomakethisareality.Theyhavecreatedatinydevice（裝置）thatworkswithyoursmartphone，anditcanbeexactlywhatyou’relookingfor!It’scalledTrackRBravo.It’schangingthewaywekeeptrackoftheimportantthingsinourlives.7InstallthefreeTrackRapponyoursmartphone，connecttheapptoyourdeviceandyou’rereadytogo!SimplyattachTrackRtowhateveryouwanttokeepaneyeon.Theentireprocessofsettingituponlytakes5minutesorless.Youcanattachittoyourkeys，walletandanythingelseyoudon’twanttolose.ThenusetheTrackRapptofindwhereyourmissingitemsareinseconds.ForgetexpensiveGPSsystemsortrackingservices.Nobodywantstopayexpensivemonthlysubscriptionfees.Weunderstandhowstressfulthesethingscanbe，andthisisthereasonwhythecompanycreatedTrackR.ThisdeviceisyourVIPwhenyouneedtotakecareofimportantthings.Ifyouforgetwhereyouparkyourcar，takeoutyoursmartphoneandopentheTrackRapp.Taponthe“l(fā)ostitem”signonthescreenandtheappwilltellyoutheexactlocation.Thisdeviceisbynomeansexpensive.TrackRonlycosts 29，asmallpricetopayforpeaceofmind.Thedeviceissmallenoughthatyoucanattachittoyourpets.Putitontheircollar，andyouwillneverlosetrackofthem!Attachittoyourkeyorwallet，andneverwasteaminuterummagingthewholehouseforit.Sinceyou’vebeeninformedaboutthisbrilliantinvention，nowattachittoeverythingthat’simportanttoyou.語篇解讀本文介紹了一個應(yīng)用軟件TrackR，它可以幫助你找到丟失的東西。5．Whydoestheauthormentionthelostcarinthefirstparagraph?A．Toexplainhowterriblethesituationis.B．Tostresstheimportanceofbeingcautious.C．Toleadtothetopicconcerningfindinglostitems.D．Toprovideonecommonexampleabouttheft.答案C解析推理判斷題。由第一段及下文中的內(nèi)容可知，提到丟失的汽車是為了引出尋找丟失物品的話題。故選C。6．What’sthefeatureoftheTrackRapp?A．Theprocessofsettinguptheappiscomplex.B．Thecostofsettinguptheappisratherhigh.C．Theappisavailableinanyelectronicequipment.D．Theapphelpslocatethelostitemsinashorttime.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句"ThenusetheTrackRapptofindwhereyourmissingitemsareinseconds.”可知，這個應(yīng)用軟件可以幫助你在短時間內(nèi)找到丟失的物品。故選D。7.TheTrackRwascreatedbecause.A．lifeisfullofallkindsofpressureB．trackingservicescause8financialburdenC．peoplewanttokeeptheirimportantitemssafeD．GPSsystemscannotprovidespecificlocation答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段前三句可知，跟蹤服務(wù)造成財政負(fù)擔(dān)。故選B。8．Whichofthefollowingisclosesttothemeaningoftheunderlinedword“rummaging”inParagraph5?A．Searching. B．Destroying.C．Cleaning. D．Moving.答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知，該裝置足夠小，你可以將它固定到你的寵物上。把它放在它們的項圈上，你就不會與它們失去聯(lián)系！把它固定在你的鑰匙或錢包上，就不用浪費時間搜尋整個房子尋找它。畫線詞的意思應(yīng)該是“搜尋”，故選A。I.障礙詞匯突破（一）閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思DrugmanufacturingisthemostprofitablebusinessintheU.S.賺錢的；贏利的Thischoiceisnotapermanentsituation,however,asmanypeoplehavechosentochangethevaluesoftheirlives.永久的Aninsectisasmallanimalthathassixlegsandmostofthemhavewingssuchasflies,butterflies.昆蟲SayIloveyou”often.Expressyouraffectionandappreciationtofriendsandfamily.感情；喜愛Someofthesestoriesarepartofamonthlysubscriptionpackage.訂閱Theredtrafficlightindicatesthateverypersonandvehiclemuststop.車輛Showsyouwheretogotodownloadtheserverandhowtoinstall讓.安裝ThegovernmentpredicatesthatthemarketcollapsewascausedbyAsianfinancialcrisis.金融的(二)一詞多義cutdown削減，縮短，降低；砍倒(1)Youcancutdownonthenumberofadsandstillreachmorepeople.削減(2)Avoidstressfoodsandcutdownonsugarandsalt.降低(3)Ifyoucutdownmoretreesthanyougrow,youwillrunoutoftrees.砍倒trackn.軌道；足跡；小道；vt.追蹤(1)ThefirstthingthatIhadtodotounderstandhowIusemytimewastrackalmosteverything.追蹤(2)Thisistheonewhotriestoforceeveryguyshedatesontothemarriagetrack.軌道(3)Wesetoffoncemore,overaroughmountaintrack.小道(4)Theonlyevidenceofpandaswastheirtracksinthe5口。0.足跡II.長難句理解1.Overthelast40years,hehasplantedanestimated50,000treesonhis31-hectareland,whichnowmakeupasmallbutuniqueareaofrainforest,andahavenforwildlife.［句式分析］本句是一個復(fù)合句，句子的主干部分是簡單句的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，主語是he,謂語是hasplanted,賓語是anestimated50,000trees；Overthelast40years是時間狀語，onhis31-hectareland是地點狀語，whichnowmakeupasmall...是定語從句，修飾land。［精美譯文］在過去的40年里，他已在31公頃土地上種植了大約5萬棵樹，這構(gòu)成了一個小但獨特的熱帶雨林，它是野生生物的避難所。.Weunderstandhowstressfulthesethingscanbe,andthisisthereasonwhythecompanycreatedTrackR.［句式分析］本句是一個并列句，由并列連詞and連接；and前面的句子是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語是賓語從句；and后面的句子是王系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表語是thereason；whythecompanycreatedTrackR是定語從句。［精美譯文］我們理解這些事情壓力會是多么的大，這就是這家公司創(chuàng)造TrackR的原因。專題強化練（二十）I.閱讀理解A（2018?遼寧沈陽質(zhì)檢）Myfavoritebook，TheSecretbyRhondaByrne，talksaboutaformulacalled“SFF”whichstandsfor“stoppingfindingfaults”．Iusedtobeacriticalpersonandtriedtofindfaults.IguessIsomehowinheritedthischaracterfrommyfather.Actuallymanygoodqualitiesofmyfatherareworthadmiringexceptthis.Myfatheristhepersonwhoconstantlylooksformistakesinotherpeopleandhethinksnooneisperfectintheworld.Hischaractercreatedanegativeatmosphereinmyfamily.Iwasthesameasmyfather，soIoftenfeltangry，disappointed，depressed，andlonelyinschool.AfterIhadreadmyfavoritebook，Ibegantoseek“goodthings”inotherpeople.Ithascompletelyalteredmylife.NowIfeelhappier，Ihavemorefriends，Ihavemoretrustinpeople，andIrealizeeveryonehastheirownstrength!AnotherimportantlessonIgotfromthisbookisthatIshouldalwaysbehavemyselfinapositivemanner.Let’sadmitthatwesometimescomplainaboutoursituation.That’snotgood.“Believeitornot，peopledon’tliketolistentonegativeopinions.”O(jiān)nemorevaluablelessonIgotfromthebookisthatIshouldbeagoodlistener.WhenIwasyounger，IonlywantedpeopletopaywholeattentiontomywordssothatIcouldshowthemhowimportantIwas.Iwasveryproudandwouldshowoffmyachievementsinschoolwithoutconsideringothers’feelings.Ihadveryfewfriendsandmostpeopleconsideredmeasan“arrogant”person.Now,Ifinditmucheasiertomakefriendsaftermakingsomechanges!語篇解讀文章主要講述了是一本書使作者由原來的傲慢、自以為是，變得友好、隨和、積極樂觀。1．WhydoestheauthorlikethebookTheSecret?A．Becausehe’sfoundthesecretofsuccessfromit.B．Becausethebookuncoversthesecretsofhappiness.C．Becausehe’slearnthisfather’scharactersfromit.D．Becauseithelpshimchangehisattitudetowardslife.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段前三句可知，作者讀了這本書之后，性格發(fā)生了改變，故選D。2．Whatdoyouknowabouttheauthor’sfather?A．Hemakeshissonfeelangryanddisappointed.B．Helikesfindingfaultswithpeoplearoundhim.C．Heseemsacriticalpersonbutinfacteasy-going.D．Hecancreateanegativeatmospherewhennecessary.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句"Myfatheristhepersonwhoconstantlylooksformistakesinotherpeopleandhethinksnooneisperfectintheworld.”可知，作者的父親喜歡給另U人挑毛病。.Theunderlinedword“arrogant”probablymeans“”.A．self-important B．a(chǎn)dmirableC.troublesome D.cold-blooded答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“WhenIwasyounger，IonlywantedpeopletopaywholeattentiontomywordssothatIcouldshowthemhowimportantIwas.”以及“Ihadveryfewfriendsandmostpeopleconsideredmeasan‘a(chǎn)rrogant’person.”可知，以前的作者以自我為中心，忽略別人的感受，所以別人認(rèn)為他是個以自我為中心的人。.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Topersuadereaderstobegoodlisteners.B.Tosharehispainfulchangingexperience.C.Totellreaderstheinfluenceofabookonhim.D.Toshowtheresultofhisfather’snegativecharacter.答案C解析寫作意圖題。通讀整篇文章可知，作者講述了因為一本書，作者由原來的自以為是、愛挑毛病，變得積極、樂觀、友好，所以本文主要介紹了一本書對作者的影響。B（2018?百校聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考）Dealingwithobesityisdifficult.Alotoffactorssuchasethnicity，genetics，lifestyle，andpersonalhabitsshouldbeconsideredinthemanagementofobesity.Obesity，ifnotproperlymanaged，canleadtoalotofhealthproblemsthatmaylaterevolveintolife-threateningdiseases.Themanagementofobesitymostlyfocusesonlifestylechanges.Reachingyourhealthyweightinvolvespropermanagementofyourdietandexercise.Theobesepersonmayseekthehelpofadietitianorapersonaltrainer.Therearealotofdietsthathavegainedpopularity.However，itisbestthatyouconsultyourdietitianonwhatisbestforyou.Furthermore，yourdietitianwouldconsideryourfoodpreferences.Ifyouarealittlelowinthebudget，takeintoconsiderationthecurrentdietaryrecommendationsthatarebasedonthefoodpyramid.ThisisresearchableontheInternet.Youcanusethisasaguideonhowmuchyouaresupposedtoeat.Exercisehasalotofbenefits.Itburnsthoseextracaloriesandpreventsdifferenthealthproblemsfromoccurring.Thus，exerciseisvitalifyouwishtoloseweight.Peopleareoftentoolazytoengageinexercise.However，therearenumerousalternativestotheusualexerciseroutine.Ifyouwantthingstobeplain，walkingorbikingisagoodexercise.Itisimportantthatyousticktoyourexerciseplansothatyouwouldachieveyourdesiredresults.However，youmustsetrealisticgoalssoasnottobedisappointed.Behavioralchangesarevitaltoconqueringobesity.Thosewhoengageincrashdietsaremostlyunsuccessfulinweightmanagementbecausetheydonothaveanybehavioralchange.Sedentarylifestylecontributestoweightgain.Perhapsaddingphysicalactivitytoyourschedulewouldhelpinweightmanagement.Physicalactivitycouldbeassimpleasdancingaroundthehouseorjustplainstrollingalongthemall.語篇解讀肥胖會導(dǎo)致很多健康問題，甚至?xí){生命安全，所以它是一個值得認(rèn)真對待的問題。本文建議人們從幾個方面進行肥胖問題的自我管理，包括飲食、鍛煉、行為習(xí)慣的改變和生活方式的選擇等。5．Whyisobesityasevereproblem?A．Itmaythreatenyourlife.B．Itcaninfluenceyourwork.C．Itmaymakeyoulookunattractive.D．Itcanpreventyoufromplayingsports.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Obesity，ifnotproperlymanaged，canleadtoalotofhealthproblemsthatmaylaterevolveintolife-threateningdiseases.”可知，肥胖會導(dǎo)致健康問題，甚至?xí)l(fā)展成為威脅生命安全的疾病。故選A。6．Whatshouldyoudoifyoudon’thavemuchmoney?A．Turntoanexpert.B．Refertoeatingadvice.C．Mainlyeatenergy-givingfood.D．Seldomhavenutritiousfood.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ifyouarealittlelowinthebudget,takeintoconsiderationthecurrentdietaryrecommendationsthatarebasedonthefoodpyramid.ThisisresearchableontheInternet.”可知，如果你預(yù)算緊張（資金不夠），可以考慮基于食物金字塔的飲食推薦，那些都可以在網(wǎng)上搜到。故選B。7．Whyshouldyousetpracticalaims?A．Youwillneverfeeldisappointed.B．Theywillmakeyougoon.C．Youwillcarryoutsimplethings.D．Theywillmakeyoufeelrelaxed.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“However，youmustsetrealisticgoalssoasnottobedisappointed.”可知，在鍛煉時，要設(shè)置合理的目標(biāo)，那樣就不至于失望，也就是說會有繼續(xù)堅持的動力。B選項Theywillmakeyougoon（他們將會使你繼續(xù)堅持）符合語境，故選B。8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Sedentary”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Unhealthy. B．Overeating.C．Unchangeable. D．Inactive.答案D解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Sedentarylifestylecontributestoweightgain.”可知，這種生活方式會讓人長胖。再結(jié)合后文中的Perhapsaddingphysicalactivitytoyourschedulewouldhelpinweightmanagement.”可知，增加身體運動會有助于管理體重。說明前面那種生活方式就是“缺少身體鍛煉的，不活躍的"。D選項inactive表示“不活躍的，不積極的”。故選D。II.完形填空（2018?山東濰坊高三上期末）Iwasgettingreadytoheadtomydaughter'scollegetobringherhomeforChristmas.The9wasfallingheavilyandthelandwassilvered.Iknewitwasn’tgoingtobeaneasydrive.Usuallyathree-hourround10,butIknewitwasgoingtobealot11todayasIslowedmycarto12theslipperyroads.OnceIwasontheroad, 13,conditionsonlyworsened.I14sloweddownbutfour-wheeltrucksspedpastme15hugeshowersofslush（融雪）ontomywindshield.DuringthelasttwentymilesIsuddenlyfoundmyselfbehindavery16winterdriver.17drivingslowandadjusting,whenhehitaslipperyspothebrakedhardandturnedsharplyallovertheroad.Ihadto18hardmyselftokeepfromhittinghimbutunfortunatelyslidintoaditch（溝）.Itriedpullingoutagainandagainbutcouldonlyhear19tires.Iwashalf-wayoutintheroadandatruckspedbyme,missingthecarbyinches.Ilookedaboutthecar20andmiraculouslythecarstartedtomove, 21itwasalmostbeingpushedoutoftheditch.FromthedrivingmirrorIspotteda22,coveredwithsnow, 23mycarashardaspossible.WhenI24myhandtogreethimwithgratitude,he25signedmegoodluck,gettingonhiscar.JustasthefamouswriterHenry26it,“Hewhowalksinlovemaywanderfar.YetGodwillbringhim27theblessedare.”Whereveryougothenandhowever28yourjourneysmaybe,alwaysrememberthatyouarewatchedoverbypeoplewithalovemorepowerfulandmorebeautifulthanyoucaneverimagine.語篇解讀文章講述了作者在下雪天車滑進溝里后得到陌生人幫助的故事。9．A.snow B．rainC．fog D．shower答案A解析根據(jù)后文“thelandwassilvered”可知此處表示雪下得很大。snow雪；rain雨；fog霧；shower陣雨。10．A.rescue B．flightC．search D．trip答案D解析根據(jù)前文“Iknewitwasn'tgoingtobeaneasydrive.”可知，此處表示通常是三小時的行程，但今天時間要長很多。rescue救援；flight航班；search搜尋；trip旅程。11．A.shorter B．fasterC．longer D．easier答案C解析由于下雪，交通不便，所以要花更長的時間。shorter更短；faster更快；longer更長；easier更容易。B．match12B．matchC．consider D．find答案B解析根據(jù)語境可知此處表示放慢車速來適應(yīng)滑的路面。clear清理match適應(yīng)搭配;consider考慮；find發(fā)現(xiàn)。13．A.though B．meanwhileC．a(chǎn)nyhow D．therefore答案A解析此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，然而情況變得更糟糕了。though然而;meanwhile與此同時;anyhow不管怎樣；therefore因此。14．A.even B．furtherC．finally D．immediately答案B解析根據(jù)前面的語境可知，情況變得更加糟糕，所以我進一步放慢速度。even甚至；further進一步；finally最終，終于；immediately立刻，馬上。15．A.moving B．causingC．throwing D．holding答案C解析根據(jù)語境可知此處表示經(jīng)過的卡車把雪濺落在我的擋風(fēng)玻璃上。move移動；cause導(dǎo)致；throw扔，拋；hold抓住。16．A.untrustworthy B．unfriendlyC．impatient D．inexperienced答案D解析根據(jù)后文whenhehitaslipperyspothebrakedhardandturnedsharplyallovertheroad”可知，那是一個沒有經(jīng)驗的司機。untrustworthy不值得信任的；unfriendly不友好的；impatient沒有耐心的；inexperienced沒有經(jīng)驗的。17．A.Otherthan B．ExceptforC．Insteadof D．Regardlessof答案C解析此處表示那個司機遇到很滑的地方，不是開得很慢，而是剎車。otherthan除了；exceptfor除了；insteadof而不是；regardlessof不管。

18．A.stop B．brakeC．work D．hit答案B解析此處表示我不得不剎車以防撞到他。stop停止；brake剎車；work工作；hit打擊。19．A.spinning B．runningC．flat D．broken答案A解析根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示滑入溝里