微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)第1章練習(xí)附有答案

微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)第1章練習(xí)[復(fù)制]1.Scarcityexistswhen[單選題]*a.thepriceofagoodrises.b.societycanmeetthewantsofeveryindividual.c.thereislessofagoodorresourceavailablethanpeoplewishtohave.(正確答案)d.thereislessthananinfiniteamountofaresourceorgood.2.Whengovernmentpoliciesarebeingdesigned,[單選題]*a.increasingefficiencyusuallyresultsinmoreequity.b.thereisusuallyatradeoffbetweenequityandefficiency.(正確答案)c.equitycanusuallybeachievedwithoutanefficiencyloss.d.equityandefficiencygoalsareusuallyindependentofeachother.3.Ryanspendsanhourstudyinginsteadofgoingforabikeride.Theopportunitycosttohimofstudyingis[單選題]*a.theimprovementinhisgradesfromstudyingforthehour.b.theenjoymentandexercisehewouldhavereceivedhadhegoneforabikeride.(正確答案)c.thedifferencebetweentheimprovementinhisgradesfromstudyingminustheenjoymentofabikeride.d.zero.SinceRyanchosetostudyratherthantoridehisbike,thevalueofstudyingmusthavebeengreaterthanthevalueofthebikeride.4.IfCanadaisbetterthantheUnitedStatesatproducinghockeysticks,buttheUnitedStatesisbetterthanCanadaatproducingrollerblades,theUnitedStatesshould[單選題]*a.putaquotaontheamountofCanadianhockeysticksimported.b.subsidizeitshockeystickindustrysothatitcancompetewithCanadianhockeysticks.c.sellrollerbladestoCanada,andbuyCanadianhockeysticks.(正確答案)d.imposeatariffonCanadianhockeysticksinordertoprotectjobsintheU.S.rollerbladeindustry.5.Thetermmarketfailurerefersto[單選題]*a.anunsuccessfuladvertisingcampaign.b.asituationinwhichthemarketonitsownfailstoallocateresourcesefficiently.(正確答案)c.asituationinwhichcompetitionamongfirmsbecomesruthless.d.afirmwhichisforcedoutofbusinessbecauseoflosses.6.Marketpowerreferstothe[單選題]*a.powerofthegovernmenttoregulateamarket.b.relativeimportanceofamarkettotheoveralleconomy.c.powerofasingleperson(orsmallgroupofpeople)toundulyinfluencemarketprices.(正確答案)d.abilityofapersonorgroupofpeopletosuccessfullymarketnewproducts.7.Almostallvariationinlivingstandardsisattributabletodifferencesincountries’[單選題]*ductivity.(正確答案)8.Whichofthefollowingisthemostcorrectstatementabouttherelationshipbetweeninflationandunemployment?[單選題]*a.Inthelongrun,reducinginflationisassociatedwithrisingunemployment.b.Intheshortrun,reducinginflationisassociatedwithfallingunemployment.c.Inthelongrun,reducinginflationisassociatedwithfallingunemployment.d.Intheshortrun,reducinginflationisassociatedwithrisingunemployment.(正確答案)9.Efficiencyismostcloselydefinedbywhichofthefollowing?[單選題]*a.absolutefairnessb.minimumwaste(正確答案)c.equaldistributiond.consumersovereignty10.Economistsusethewordequitytodescribeasituationinwhich[單選題]*a.everymemberofsocietywouldhavethesameincome.b.benefitsofsociety’sresourcesaredistributedfairlyamongitsmembers.(正確答案)c.societyisgettingthemostitcanfromitsscarceresources.d.thoseinsocietywhohavetheleastwillreceivethemost.11.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamajorareaofstudyforeconomists?[單選題]*a.howpeoplemakedecisionsb.howpeopleinteractwitheachotherc.howforcesandtrendsaffecttheoveralleconomyd.howcountrieschoosenationalleaders(正確答案)12.Danieldecidestospendanhourplayingbasketballratherthanworkingat$6perhour.Histradeoffis[單選題]*a.nothing,becauseheenjoysplayingbasketballmorethanworking.b.theincreaseinskillheobtainsfromplayingbasketballforthathour.c.the$6hecouldhaveearned.(正確答案)d.nothing,becausehespent$6foradmissionintothesportscomplextoplaybasketball.13.Tradecanbenefitafamily[單選題]*a.byallowingthefamilytobuyagreatervarietyofgoodsandservicesatalowercost.b.byallowingeachpersontospecializeintheactivitiesheorshedoesbest.c.aandb(正確答案)d.onlyifthefamilyisnotineconomiccompetitionwithotherfamilies.14.Whichofthefollowingisthebeststatementaboutmarkets?[單選題]*a.Marketsareusuallyagoodwaytoorganizeeconomicactivity.(正確答案)b.Marketsareusuallyinferiortocentralplanningasawaytoorganizeeconomicactivity.c.Marketsareflawedandarethereforenotanacceptablewaytoorganizeeconomicactivity.d.Marketsareagoodwaytoorganizeeconomicactivityindevelopednations,butnotinless-developednations.15.Inamarketeconomy,[單選題]*fitandself-interestguidethedecisionsoffirmsandhouseholds.c.householdsdecidewhichfirmstoworkforandwhattobuywiththeirincomes.d.alloftheabove(正確答案)16.The“invisiblehand”directseconomicactivitythrough[單選題]*a.prices.(正確答案)ernmentregulations.17.Thetwobestreasonsforagovernmenttointerveneinamarketare[單選題]*a.toraiserevenuesandtopromotestability.b.topromoteequityandtoraiserevenues.c.topromoteefficiencyandtoraiserevenues.d.topromoteequityandtopromoteefficiency.(正確答案)18.Anexampleofanexternalityis[單選題]*a.theimpactofbadweatherontheincomeoffarmers.b.theimpactofthepersonalincometaxonaperson’sabilitytopurchasegoodsandservices.c.theimpactofpollutionfromafactoryonthehealthofpeopleinthevicinityofthefactory.(正確答案)d.theimpactofincreasesinhealthcarecostsonthehealthofindividualsinsociety.19.Ifeducationproducesexternalbenefitsforsociety,whichofthefollowingmightbeanappropriatepolicyforsocietytoestablishregardingeducation?[單選題]*a.publicsubsidiesofeducationb.mandatoryminimumlevelsofeducationc.taxincentivesforschoolingd.alloftheabove(正確答案)20.IftheaverageincomeofanAmericanishigherthantheaverageincomeofanItalian,itismostlikelybecause[單選題]*a.laborunionsaremoreaggressiveintheUnitedStatesthaninItaly.b.theUnitedStateshasamoreindustrialeconomythanItaly.c.thereismorecompetitionintheUnitedStatesthaninIductivityishigherintheUnitedStatesthaninItaly.(正確答案)21.AworkerinBangladeshcanearn$1perdaymakingcottonclothonahandloom.AworkerintheUnitedStatescanearn$100perdaymakingcottonclothwithamechanicalloom.Whataccountsforthedifferenceinwages?[單選題]*a.U.S.textileworkersbelongtoaunion.b.Laborismoreproductivewhenmakingcottonclothwithamechanicalloomthanwithahandloom.(正確答案)c.ThereislittledemandforcottonclothinBangladeshandgreatdemandintheU.S.d.Bangladeshhasalow-wagepolicytomakeitstextileindustrymorecompetitiveinworldmarkets.22.Toincreaselivingstandards,publicpolicys