2022-2023年吉林省白山市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級重點匯總（含答案）

2022-2023年吉林省白山市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級重點匯總（含答案）學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

TheAmericanWestislikelytosufferfrommoredramatic______ifthetrendsofmeltingglaciers,earlysnowmeltandseveredroughtscontinue.

2.

ThebookSilentSpringhaschangedourthinkingbyprovidinguswithanentirelynewanddifferentwayof______.

3.

AccordingtotheauthormanyoftheUFOreportsarebelievable.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

OneoftheChinatownsasabusyandthrivingcommunitynowislocatedin______.

A.FloridaB.HawaiiC.NewJerseyD.NewYork

5.

______inhistorydidtheUShavenoVicePresident.

6.

Tomanagestress,thoughtscanbecontrolledbyconsideringalternativeviewsthrough______.

7.

YoucansellthingsoneBaybygivingeBaycertainamountofmoneyfromthefinalsaleprice.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.Inordertomeet______,low-incomeshoppersmustconsideralotoffactorswhenselectingfoodproducts.

9.

Accordingtotheauthor,exceptglobalwarmingandprivatizationofwater,______isalsoresponsibleforfreshwatershortage.

10.Wecanconsiderourchildrenunderstresswhenthey______.

A.areunabletocommunicatetheirfeelingsaccurately

B.havetroublecommunicatingtheirresponsestoevents

C.oftenfeelabdominalpainwithoutaknownreason

D.haveapoorandovercrowdedfamily

11.

Besidestheproblemsofthesmallsizeandshortdurationofthestudy,Gersten'sresearchalsolacks______.

12.

BeforePiaAbolagotapositionattheMSI,shespentathome______.

A.twoyearsB.threeyearsC.fouryearsD.fiveyears

13.

Nowifyousubscribefuroneyear,youcanenjoy______.

14.

Stockinvestmentsarebettertoearlyretireesthanothercommonretirementinvestmentsinthatwhencashedin,theyrequireonly______.

15.GiveUpSixWordsandChangeYourLife

AlfredKorzybski,thefatherofgeneralsemantics,observedthathowwetalkaffectshowwehandleproblemsandhowwebehave.Hefoundthatscientists,trainedtobespecific,handledbothpersonalandlaboratoryproblemsbetterthannon-scientists.Non-scientists,thenasnow,usedwordsloadedwithfeelingandprejudgmentandgotintotrouble.

Changingthewayweusecertaineverydaywordscanactuallyshiftthewayweseetheworldandotherpeople,helpschangetheemotion-ladenattitudesbehindthewords,andmakesuslesslikelytomakeinappropriatedemandsonourselvesandothers.

Thereisalsoachangeintheeffectonothers.Teachers,toldthatcertainstudentshavehiddentalents,willhelpthemdevelop,evenifthestudentswereselectedblindlybyresearchers.Peopleactastheythinktheyhavebeendefined,andlikeitornot,ourwordsplayalargepartinexpressingthatdefinition.

Inourwork,wehavefoundsixwordsthatareoftenusedindamagingways:try,always,is,can't,shouldandeverybody.Thesewordsarereally"families"ofwords.Alwayscanbeexpandedtonever,everytime.Shouldisalsooughtto,must,haveto.Weusenobody,noone,all,'thewayweuseeverybody.

Eachofthesewordsislinkedtotheconceptoftime."Everybodydoesit"implieseverypersonalwaysdoesit.Shouldreflectsastandardadoptedinthepast,governinghowwemustalwaysbehave.Isimpliesapermanentcharacteristicofsomethingorsomeone,as"sheisimpossibletodealwith."AlfredKorzybskicalledhumans"timebinders".Facts,opinionsandbehaviorsarelearned,repeatedandpassedon,eventhoughtheymaynotnecessarilyhavebeentrueinthefirstplace.BothKorzybskiandS.I.Hayakawa,whoisarespectedsemanticist,cautionusagainstusingsuch"allness"terms.

Yetwedousethem,asthoughbydoingsowecouldsomehowmanagethepresentandfuture."Withwords,"saysHayakawainLanguageinThoughtandAction,"weinfluenceandtoanenormousextentcontrol.""I'llmeetyouatthreeThursday"isanattempttomakeanotherperson--andourselves--beatacertainplaceatacertaintime.Hayakawawrites,"Thefutureisaspecificallyhumandimension.Toadog,'hamburgertomorrow'ismeaningless.Withwordswe[humans]imposeacertainpredictabilityuponfutureevents."

Similarly,weattempttocontrolpeople'sactionsandevencharacteristicswithcan't,should,everybodyandrelatedwords.Wetrythustocreate"reliable"data,howeverunrelateditistothefacts.

AccordingtoFreud,tosomementalpatientscertainwordsbecomemagical,symbolsofwholetrainsofthoughtcondensed.Seriouslyillneuroticsmaintainsomeofthatmagic:"Everybody'sagainstme"or"Ihavetodothis."Andnearlyallofushavethesamebadhabittoalessintensedegree.

Whenandwheredowebeginthispatternofrestrictivewordsandbeliefs?

AccordingtothelatespeechexpertWendellJohnson,asadultswearestill"usinginformation,attitudes,beliefs,procedures,practices...adaptedtoanearliertime."Ourbeliefs,andthewordsweusetosupportthemandtoprotectourselvesfromchange,comefromearlyinourlives.WillisHarman,Ph.D.,afuturistatSRI(formerlyStanfordResearchInstitute),maintainsthatweareallinawayhypnotizedfrominfancy."Wedonotperceiveourselvesandtheworldaboutusastheyare,butaswehavebeenpersuadedtoperceivethem,"saysDr.Harman.Researchshowsthatobjectsandpeoplewithsomefamiliarcharacteristicstendtobeperceivedbytheinfantasidentical.Thenewborncannotdistinguishbetweenselfandsurrounding.Whenthebabyishungry,everybodyishungry.Later,anymanbecomes"Daddy"andeveryanimal"doggie."

Weusesuchearlybiasestom

A.YB.NC.NG

16.Greenbuildingtechniquesrequire______.

A.architectstomakefulluseofsunlight

B.peopletoavoidusingelectricalappliances

C.architectstoemploylocallabors

D.businessmentoresistpoisonousbuildingmaterials

17.

Therearetwobasiccategoriesofnegotiationstyles:positionaland________________.

18.

Telechericsisconcernedwiththeuseofremotemanipulatorscontrolledbyhumans.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.Itcanbeeasiertochangeourdietalotthantochangeitalittle.

20.

PeoplecansendyoudatawithoutyourpermissionbecausetheBluetoothconnectionis_______________.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

聽力原文：電子樂器與傳統(tǒng)樂器的關(guān)系

Wearerapidlyneartheendofthiscourseinthehistoryofclassicalmusic.Wehavecoveredseveral(36)centuriesinaveryshorttime.Muchtooshorttodothemusic(37)justice,ofcourse,butthenthisisjustasurveycourse.Fromnowuntiltheendoftheterm,we'llbetalkingaboutandlisteningto(38)electronicmusic.Youprobablyalreadyknowitwasinthe(39)1950'sthatmusicalcomputersandsynthesizersfirstappearedinuniversities.Thefirstcommercialsynthesizerswere(40)soldaboutthistimetoo.The(41)sophisticationandcomplexityoftheseinstrumentshasnow(42)increasedtothepointtheycan(43)producealmostanykindofsound.

(44)Somealarmistsbelievethesenewinstrumentswillbringanendtoclassicalmusicorthatthey'Yealreadyhave.Youknow,Idon'tsharethisview,butIdoagreeweareinthemidstofarevolutionininstrumentdesign.(45)This,however,isnotthefirstsuchrevolutioninmusicalhistoryandprobablynotthelastoneeither.Rememberwe'vealreadystudiedasimilarcaseintheearlynineteenthcenturywhenthepianoreplacedtheharpsichordandmodernbrassandwindinstrumentscameintobeing.Oneofthemostimportantreasonsforthegreatpopularityofelectronicinstrumentsisofcoursetheirrelativelycheapprice,Well,justlookatit.Onlyabout400dollarsforanelectronickeyboardcomparedtonearly3,000dollarsforapiano.Naturally,thishasdonealottoincreasesalesofelectronicinstruments.(46)ButIdon'tthinkeventhemostardentsupportersofelectronicinstrumentsexpectthemtocompletelyreplaceacousticinstruments.

Wearerapidlyneartheendofthiscourseinthehistoryofclassicalmusic.Wehavecoveredseveral【B1】______.inaveryshorttime.Muchtooshorttodothemusic【B2】______,ofcourse,butthenthisisthesurveycourse.Fromnowuntiltheendoftheterm,we'11betalkingaboutandlisteningto【B3】______music.Youprobablyalreadyknowitwasinthe【B4】______thatmusicalcomputersandsynthesizersfirstappearedinuniversity.Thefirstcommercialsynthesizerswere【B5】______thistimetoo.The【B6】______andcomplexityoftheseinstrumentshasnow【B7】______tothepointtheycan【B8】______almostanykindofsound.

【B9】______________________.YouknowIdon'tsharethisview,butIdoagreeweareinthemidstofarevolutionininstrumentdesign.【B10】__________________Rememberwe'yealreadystudiedasimilarcaseintheearlynineteenthcenturywhenthepianoreplacedtheharpsichordandmodembrassandwindinstrumentscameintobeing.Oneofthemostimportantreasonsforthegreatpopularityofelectronicinstrumentsisofcoursetheirrelativelycheapprice.Well,justlookatit.Onlyabout400dollarsforanelectronickeyboardcomparedtonearly3,000dollarsforapiano.Naturally,thishasdonealottoincreasesalesofelectronicinstruments.【B11】_______________.

【B1】

22.(35)

A.JapanesestudentsstudymuchharderthanColumbianstudents.

B.ColumbianstudentsscorehigherthanJapanesestudentsinmath.

C.Columbianstudentsaremoreoptimisticabouttheirmathskills.

D.Japanesestudentshavebetterconditionsforstudy.

23.(31)

A.Energyfromcoal.

B.Energyfromnatural.

C.Energyfromthesun.

D.Energyfromoil.

24.聽力原文：Haveyoualwayswantedtoinvest,butdidn'tknowwheretogetstarted?Herearethreebasicguidelinestosmartinvesting,foryourfuture.

Numberoneistohavecleargoals.Decidehowmanyyearsyouwillinvestfor,andwhatyourneedswillbeinthefuture.

Numbertwoistounderstandtherangeofpossibilities.You'llwantadiversifiedportfolio:onewithamixofstocks,mutualfunds,bonds,andcash.It'sajungleoutthem.Eachoftheseproductshasdifferentrisksassociatedwiththemandalsodifferentpotentialrewards.Understandthembeforeyoubuy,sotherewon'tbeanybigsurpriseslater.

Finally,numberthreeistohaverealisticexpectations.AsourMendLeonardodaVincisaidintheyear1500:"Hewhowishestoberichinadaywillbehangedinayear."

Overthepastseveralyears,NewYorkstockshaveaveraged30%annualreturns,butdon'tcountonthiscontinuing.Whileit'struethatsincetheyear1900,stockshaveaveragedan11%annualreturn.It'saroller-coasterridewithmanyminusyearsaswell,soyouhavetostayinforthelongterm--youhavetoweatherthestorm--andnotbetoogreedy.

(30)

A.Todevelopasavingsplan.

B.Tosetupabankaccount.

C.Tosetclearinvestinggoals.

D.Toworkoutthebudget.

25.聽力原文：M:Tellusabitaboutthekindofconsumerthatyou'regoingtobetargetingat.

W:Well,C.K.orCalvinKlein,isreallydividedupbetweentwoworlds--theCalvinKleinLuxuryBusinesswhichwecallthe(22)"Collection"whichisthebest,themostexpensive,luxuriousproducts.AndtheworldofC..K.whichisreallyinspiredbygenerationacts.(23)It'stargetedtotheyoungerpeople,topeoplewhoaremoreconcernedaboutvalue,price,style.Andtheaudienceismuchbroader.

M:YouareplanningafairlymajorassaultontheAsianmarket.Howdidyousetup?

W:Well,wesetupanAsiancompany;wesetupaJapanesecompany--CalvinKleinJapan,andCalvinKleinAsia.(24)Peoplewhoopenupretailstoreswilldistributeourproductstootherretailstores,andsetup"shipinshop"concepts,distributeJeansmorebroadly,underwearandvariousotherproductsthatwemake.Andthat'sreallyexciting.

M:WhatdoesthismeanthoughforyourexistingbusinessrelationshipsinAsia?

W:(25)IsetanisoneofourpartnersintheJapanesecompanies,asMitsuiisoneofourpartners.Thereisagroupofsomeofthebestbusinesspartnersthatwecouldhave,whotogetherunderstandwhatthemissionis,andtoreallytakefulladvantageoftheopportunitiesthatarethereinJapanandSoutheastAsiaforus.Andwe'redoingthesameinEurope.Theplanistoglobalize,youknow.Andwearedoing,wearemirroringthesamestrategyinEuropeasinAsia.

(23)

A.Themostexpensiveproductsforwomenandchildren.

B.Themostpracticalclothesfortheoldandtheyoung.

C.Thebestandmostluxuriousgarmentproductsformenandwomen.

D.Thebestbutverycheapjeansandunderwearforordinaryconsumers.

26.(32)

A.Coins,stampsandsports.

B.Coins,sportsandpostcards.

C.Coins,stampsandpostcards.

D.Stamps,sportsandpostcards.

27.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

【B1】______devicesarechangingthewaypeoplelistentomusic,butstudies;showthedevicesmaybe【B2】______hearinglossinmanypeople.Someexpertssaypeoplemaybe【B3】______themtooloudandfortoolong.

Astudy【B4】______threehundredhighschoolstudentsandonethousandadults.Theywereaskedabouttheiruseof【B5】______musicdevices.

Fortypercentofstudentsandadultssaidtheysetthesoundlevels,orvolume,athigh.Studentsweretwotimesmorelikelytoplaythemusicataveryloudvolume.Morethanhalfofthestudentssaidtheywould【B6】______notlimittheirlisteningtime,andaboutathirdsaidtheywerenotlikelytoreducethevolume.

Thestudyfoundthatmorethanhalfofthestudentsandlessthanfortypercentoftheadultshadatleastonekindofhearingloss.Some【B7】______difficultyhearingpartsofa【B8】______betweentwopeople.【B9】______.Hearinglossmaynotbeapparentforyears.Butonceithappens,itispermanent.

【B10】______.Tewithmostmusicplayers.

【B11】______.

【B1】

28.(25)

A.InMarch.B.Inearlysummer.C.InOctober.D.InApril.

29.聽力原文：W:Hereiswhat'sdeliveredthismorning.Ijustwonderwhat'sinsidesuchaheavyenvelope.

M:InsidewasaletterfromBob,athank-younotefromSusanandapictureofallofthefaculty.

Q:Whatdoyoulearnfromtheconversation?

(18)

A.SusanthankedBobfortakingthepicture.

B.Theschoolsentpicturestoalloftheteachers.

C.Theenvelopecontainedtwolettersandapicture.

D.Theletterswereaddressedtothefaculty.

30.(38)

31.

【B11】

32.(26)

A.Physicalexaminationsaregivenfreethere.

B.Shecangetaninfluenzavaccinationthere.

C.She'llbeabletogetaprescriptionthere.

D.She'llfindliteratureonnutritionthere.

33.【B5】

34.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：EmilyDickinsonisoneofthegreatestAmericanpoets.ShewasborninatypicalNewEnglandvillageinMassachusettsonDecember10,1830.Shewasthesecondchildofthefamily.Shediedinthesamehousefifty-sixyearslater.Duringherlifetimesheneverlefthernativeland.Sheleftherhomestateonlyonce.Shelefthervillageveryfewtimes.Andafire1872sherarelyleftherhouseandyard.Inthelastyearsofherlifesheretreatedtoasmallercircleoffamilyandfriends.Inthoselateryearsshedressedinwhite,avoidedstrangers,andcommunicatedchieflythroughnotesandpoemsevenwithintimates.Thedoctorwhoattendedherillnesswasallowedto"examine"hermanotherroom,seeingherwalkbyanopeneddoor.Shewasthoughtofasa"strange"figureinherhomevillage.WhenshediedonMay15,1886,shewasunknowntotherestoftheworld.Onlyaftersevenofherpoemshadappearedinprintdidshebecomenoticed.

ButtothinkEmilyDickinsononlyasastrangefigureisaseriousmistake.Shelivedsimplyanddeliberately.Shefacedtheessentialfactsoflife.AccordingtoHenryJames,afamousAmericannovelist,shewasoneofthoseonwhomnothingwaslost.OnlybythuslivingcouldDickinsonmanagebothtofulfillherobligationsasadaughter,asister,andahousekeeperandtowriteontheaverageonepoemaday.

Shereadonlyafewbooksbutknewthemdeeply.Herpoemsaresimplebutremarkablyrich.Notuntil1950swassherecognizedasoneofthegreatestAmericanpoets.

(27)

A.Almostallherlife

B.Lessthanhalfherlife

C.Until1830

D.Before1872

35.(21)

A.Asubscriptiontoabook.

B.Abargainondancelessons.

C.AcheapairfaretoHawaii.

D.Amembershiptoasportsclub.

36.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Campinthemountains.

B.Stayathisownhouse.

C.Writetohisgirlfriend.

D.Holdhisuncle'smails.

37.聽力原文：W:Don'ttaketoolongatthesnackbar.It'saquarterpast12.

M:It'sOK.Wehave45minutesbeforetheplaneleaves.

Q:Atwhattimeistheirdeparturescheduled?

(15)

A.12:15.B.1:10.C.1:00.D.12:30.

38.【B3】

39.【B1】

40.

【B3】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

AccordingtoJohansson,thesignalsinfluencingwomen'sindividualdecisionsare______.

A.politicalB.privateC.socialD.educational

42.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthetheoreticalfoundationoficeboxshouldbethat______.

43.【S1】

44.

Itisfoundthatmostpeoplerefusetheconceptofthepaperlessofficedueto______factors.

45.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury"capital"and"labour"wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganizationsonmodernlines.Anoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracy(官撩主義)ofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalities(大城市)wentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.

Thegrowthofthelimitedliabilitycompanyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners,andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.Allthroughthenineteenthcentury,America,Africa,India,AustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapital,andBritishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld'smovementtowardsindustrialization.TownslikeBournemouthandEastbornespranguptohouselarge."Confinable"classeswhohadretiredontheirincomes,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders'meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.Ontheotherhand"shareholding"meantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedbymanyofthelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization.

The"shareholders"assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlaborwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible.Fortunately,however,theincreasingpowerandorganizationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother'sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation.

It'strueofthefamilyfirmsthat______.

A.they'werespoiledbytheyoungergenerations

B.theycouldsupplyadequateservicestothetaxpayers

C.theylackedefficiency

D.theylackedindividualinitiative

46.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Eachautumn,teachersspendmanyhourswritingreferencesinsupportoftheirpupils'universityapplications,anduniversityadmissionstutorssubsequentlyspendmanyhoursreadingthem.Indeed,theofficialadviceisthatwhentherearemorequalifiedapplicantsthancanbeaccommodated,orwhenapplicants'suitabilityforprofessionsisbeingassessed,admissionsstaffshouldconsider"additionalinformation,includingreferences".Thepressuretowidenaccesshasbroughtustothepointwherereferencesarehardlyworththepapertheyarewrittenon.Ofcourse,someapplicants'resultsmaynotdothemjusticeandwillnotthereforebeanaccuratepredictoroffutureachievement.However,thealmosttotalabsenceofanythingbutpositivecommentsmakesitimpossibletodistinguishbetweensuchapplicantsandthoseforwhomhighereducationmaybeasteptoofar.

Itisthesamestorywithaccesscourses,whichprovidemaopportunityforthosewholeftschoolwithoutqualificationstodeveloptheirconfidenceandstudyskills.Notallaccessstudentswillbeabletoachieveahighereducationqualification,butIcannotrecallonewhowasnotpredicatedbyhisorheraccesstutortopasswithflyingcolorsandbeanidealcandidateforhighereducation.Takingupreferees'invitationstocontactthemformoreinformation,inthehopethatthismayindicatethattheyarewishingtosaysomethingtheyarenotpreparedtowrite,rarelyprovesfruitful.Iamrepeatedlytoldthattheyare"notfreetotalk",ortheyexpressdiscomfortatbeingaskedforspecificinformation."I'msureyouseehowdifficultitisforme","Idon'treallyknowherthatwell"and"Iratherwishyouhadn'taskedmethat"areamongthemostcommonresponses.

Evenuniversitytutorsareoverstatingthetruth.Onestatedthatanapplicanthad"gainedpassedinfourmodulesandthendecidedtoleavethecourse".Furtherinquiryrevealedthathe,andanotherwho"cametotheviewthatteachingwasnotforher",bothleftbecausetheyhadfailed.Ialsosuspectthatthestudentwho"hasmanyskillsandqualitiesthat,unfortunately,arenoteasilydemonstrablethroughoursystemofacademicassessment"washeadinginasimilardirection.Ifapupil,has"facedthechallengeofA-levelwork",isheorsherisingtoitornot?Thisisliketryingtocommunicateinanunfamiliarlanguage.Sinceinmostcaseswecannotestablishwhatismeant,letusabandonthewholesystemofacademicreferencesforuniversityentryandsaveusallthetimeandeffort.

Whatistheoriginalpurposeofwritingreferences?

47.

WelearnfromthepassageaboutKochIndustriesthat______.

A.itsignedcontractswithothersonlyontwoissues

B.itbelievesmarketscantotallyreplaceotherforecastingtechniques

C.itsbusinessincludesgoodstrading,pesticide,fertilizersandchemical

D.ithasappliedpredictionforlessthanayear

48.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Concernwithmoney,andthenmoremoney,inordertobuytheconveniencesandluxuriesofmodernlife,hasbroughtgreatchangestothelivesofmostFrenchmen.MorepeopleareworkingthaneverbeforeinFrance.Inthecitiesthetraditionalleisurelymiddaymealisdisappearing.Offices,shops,andfactoriesarediscoveringthegreatefficiencyofashortlunchhourincompanylunchrooms.Inalmostalllinesofworkemphasisnowfallsonever-increasingoutput.Thusthe"typical"Frenchmanproducesmore,earnsmore,andbuysmoregoodsthanhiscounterpartofthelastgeneration.Hegainsincreatingcomfortsandeaseoflife.Whathelosestosomeextentishissenseofpersona,uniqueness,orindividuality.

SomesaythatFrancehasbeenAmericanized.ThisisbecausetheU.S.isaworldsymbolofthetechnologicalsocietyanditsconsumerproducts.Theso-calledAmericanizationofFrancehasitscritics.Theyfearthat"assembly-linelife"willleadtothedisappearanceofthepleasuresofthemoregracefulandleisurely(butlessproductive)oldFrenchstyle.Whatwillhappen,theyask,totaste,elegance,andthecultivationofthegoodthingsinlife--joyinthesmellofafreshlypickedapple,astrollbytheriver,orjusthappyhoursofconversationinalocalcafe?

Sinc