廣東省北江中學(xué)2022屆高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)四

廣東省北江中學(xué)2022屆高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一要點(diǎn)精講情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示可能性的用法是歷年高考考查的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，也是學(xué)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的難點(diǎn)。下面就情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示可能性的用法要點(diǎn)結(jié)合歷年高考試題給同學(xué)們解析歸納一下，希望大家能認(rèn)真研讀。一)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè),you_______playwiththeknife,you_______hurtyourself.'t;can't't;may't;must't;shouldn't_______beinParis,forIsawherintownonlyafewminutesago.'t't'tnot［答案與解析］。mustn't表示"禁止，不可以"，may表示現(xiàn)在可能發(fā)生的事情。選項(xiàng)C中的must表示現(xiàn)在肯定會(huì)發(fā)生某事，因此不符合語(yǔ)境。.B。can't意為"不可能"，同mustn't含義不同，不可混淆。［知識(shí)歸納］must只能用于肯定句中，表示說(shuō)話人自己相信某事現(xiàn)在是事實(shí)，可譯為"肯定，一定"。若表示某事不是事實(shí)，要用can't(不可能)，不能用mustnot。例如：(1)Oh，youmustbeMary'shusband.噢，你肯定是瑪麗的丈夫。(2)Thetwoconflictingmessagescannotpossiblybetrue.這兩條相互矛盾的消息不可能都是真的。,might,maycould,might,may可表示現(xiàn)在某事有可能發(fā)生或可能是事實(shí)。may比could和might稍正式一些。(1)Don'teatcouldbepoisonous.別吃，這東西可能有毒。(2)Hisdictionarymightbethesameasyours.他的詞典也許與你的一樣。(3)Hemaybeathomenow,forthelightison.他可能在家，因?yàn)闊袅林?。注意：can在肯定句中，不能表示實(shí)際可能性，即不能表示某個(gè)特定事件可能會(huì)發(fā)生。can表示實(shí)際可能性一般用在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。(4)-Canitbeyourmother?-No，itcan'tbemaybemyfather.-可能是你媽媽嗎？-不，不可能是她。也許是我爸爸。(5)Itcouldwellbethatrichpeopletreasurepeacemorehighlythanpoorpeople.有錢人可能比窮人更加珍惜和平。not和maynot可表示某事可能不是事實(shí)，而couldnot和cannot用來(lái)表示某事不可能真實(shí)。(1)Hemight/maynotbeinEnglandatall.他也許根本就不在英國(guó)。(2)Kissingercannot/couldn'tknowwhatthesituationisinthecountry.基辛格不可能知道這個(gè)國(guó)家的局勢(shì)。二)、表示將來(lái)可能性Johncomingbytrain?-Heshould，buthe_______likesdrivinghiscar.【NMET2000】youcomingtoJeff'sparty?-I'mnot_______gototheconcertinstead.【NMET2000】canIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.-They_______bereadyby12：00o'clock.【NMET1998】［答案與解析］。may表示對(duì)將來(lái)的推測(cè)，can表示對(duì)將來(lái)的推測(cè)，不可用在肯定句中。。might可用來(lái)表示將來(lái)可能發(fā)生某事，should表示非?？赡?，這與"I'mnotsure"相矛盾。。should表示試探性的推斷。might不符合此處的語(yǔ)境。［知識(shí)歸納］,cannot,could,might,may它們表示談及將來(lái)可能出現(xiàn)的可能性，其用法與前面提到的談及現(xiàn)在可能出現(xiàn)的情況用法相同。must可用來(lái)表示由于特定事實(shí)或環(huán)境，某事必然會(huì)發(fā)生。(1)Computerinterviewingandcomputerdiagnosismusteventuallyleadtocomputerdecision-making.通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)采訪和診斷必然會(huì)導(dǎo)致計(jì)算機(jī)決策。cannot用來(lái)表示由于特定事實(shí)或環(huán)境某事肯定不會(huì)發(fā)生。mustnot不能表示這個(gè)意義。(2)TheChinesefootballteamcannothopetobeatSouthKoreawithouthardwork.中國(guó)足球隊(duì)若不經(jīng)過(guò)刻苦努力就不可能擊敗韓國(guó)隊(duì)。might和may可表示某個(gè)特定事件可能將會(huì)發(fā)生，might表示某事發(fā)生的可能性較小，而may表示某事發(fā)生的可能性較大。(3)Itmight/mayrainthiseveningaccordingtotheradio.根據(jù)廣播天氣預(yù)報(bào)，今晚可能會(huì)下雨。和oughtto可表示某個(gè)特定事件可能會(huì)發(fā)生，意思為"很可能"。(1)Thiscourseshouldbequiteinterestingforyou.這門課程對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)很可能十分有趣。(2)-I'veboughtthirtypintsofbeer.-Thatoughttobeenough."我已買了三十品脫的啤酒。""那應(yīng)該是夠了。"注意：should和oughtto亦可用來(lái)談及現(xiàn)在可能性很大的事情。(3)ThatshouldbeJohncomingupstairsnow.那應(yīng)該是約翰正在上樓。三)、表示過(guò)去可能性werealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.-It_______acomfortablejourney.'tbe't'thavebeen'thavebeensistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon，sohe_______yourlecture.'thaveattended'thaveattended'thaveattended'thaveattended［答案與解析］。couldn'thavedone可表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生某事的推測(cè)。must用于對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)，只能用在肯定句中。。couldn'thavedone表示過(guò)去不可能發(fā)生某事。needn'thavedone表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有必要做某事，或者過(guò)去做某事是沒(méi)有意義的。［知識(shí)歸納］"情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have＋過(guò)去分詞"可用來(lái)表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生某事的推測(cè)。havedone表示過(guò)去肯定發(fā)生某事，只用于肯定句中。在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中can/could,can/couldnothavedone，表示過(guò)去不可能發(fā)生某事。(1)-Thelightshavegoneout.-Afusemusthaveblown."電燈滅了"。"一定是保險(xiǎn)絲斷了。"(2)Wherecan/couldJohnhaveputthematches?Hecan't/couldn'thavethrownthemaway.約翰可能把火柴放到哪兒了？他不可能扔掉了。，might或mayhavedone可表示過(guò)去某事有可能是事實(shí)，但這件事到底是不是事實(shí)，說(shuō)話人并不知道。(1)Shecould／/may/mighthavegoneoffwithsomefriends.她可能與一些朋友出去了。(2)-Polly'sverylate.-Shemayhavemissedthetrain."波莉晚了。""她也許誤了火車。"not/maynothavedone可表示過(guò)去某事可能沒(méi)有發(fā)生或可能不是事實(shí)。(1)Theymightnothaveconsideredmeastheirfriend.他們可能沒(méi)有把我看作朋友。(2)Thecouplemaynothavebeenreadyforthispregnancy.夫妻倆也許沒(méi)有為這次懷孕作好準(zhǔn)備。二語(yǔ)法精練（選擇正確答案,并將答案寫在對(duì)應(yīng)的題號(hào)前20×5′=100′）1)You____allthoseclothes!WehaveawashingmachinetodothatsortofthingA)needn'thavewashedB)shouldn'thavewashedC)mustnothavewashedD)cannothavewashed2)John'sscoreonthetestisthehighestintheclass;he____lastnight.A)shouldstudyB)shouldhavestudiedC)musthavestudiedD)musthavetostudy3)Theroomisinaterriblemess;it____cleaned.(CET-4,1996,6)A)can'thavebeenB)shouldn'thavebeenC)mustn'thavebeenD)wouldn'thavebeen4)Nobodyknowshowpeoplefirstcametotheseislands.They___fromSouthAmericaonrafts.A)musthavesailedB)cansailC)mighthavesailedD)shouldhavesailed5)Marywasnotinherbedroomyesterdayafternoon.She____inherclassroom.A)shouldhavebeenB)musthavebeenC)mustbeD)shouldbe6)Bobsaidhewasgoingtojoinourclubbuthedidn't.He____hismind.A)can'thavechangedB)wouldn'thavechangedC)musthavechangedD)shouldn'thavechanged7)You____totowntoseethefilmyesterday.ItwillbeonTVtonight.A)needn'tgoB)hadbetternotgoC)shouldnotgoD)needn'thavegone8)We____theletteryesterday,butitdidn'tarrive.A)mustreceiveB)oughttoreceiveC)musthavereceivedD)oughttohavereceived9)Withalltheworkonhand,he____tothecinemalastnight.A)mustn'tgoB)shouldn'thavegoneC)couldnotgoD)couldn'thavegone10)Evewaslateforclassagain.She____earlier.A)shouldgetupB)mustgetupC)needtogetupD)shouldhavegotup11)Iamfeelingsick.I____somuchchocolate.A)needn'thaveeatenB)couldn'thaveeatenC)mustn'thaveeatenD)shouldn'thaveeaten12)Ididn'tsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI____.A)hadB)woulddoC)shouldhaveD)mighthaveto13)Walkingaloneinthedesertedvillage,Johnwasscared.Hethoughthe__Tomtogowithhim.A)mighthaveaskedB)shouldaskedC)musthaveaskedD)shouldhaveasked14)WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadystarted;I____thereearlier.A)oughttogetB)oughttohavegotC)musthavegotD)mustget15)Theroadwasmuddy.It____lastnight.A)mustrainedB)musthaverainedC)mustberainedD)couldhaverained16)ShecanspeakquitefluentEnglish.She____.A)mustbeenintheforsometimeB)musthavebeenintheforsometimeC)shouldhavebeenintheforso