GRE閱讀材料練習(xí)：島嶼可能會增強(qiáng)海嘯勢力新

千里之行，始于足下讓知識帶有溫度。第第2頁/共2頁精品文檔推薦GRE閱讀材料練習(xí)：島嶼可能會增強(qiáng)海嘯勢力所以想要考證書的親們，快去了解一下吧，以下為“GRE閱讀材料練習(xí)：島嶼可能會增加海嘯勢力”，歡迎閱讀參考！更多相關(guān)訊息請關(guān)注我！

Islandsmayamplifythebiggestwaves,notbreakthem.SURFERSshunbeachesshieldedbyislandsoffthecoast.That,asgenerationsofswarthy,golden-hairedhulkswilltellyou,isbecausesuchislandscreateanaturalbreakwater.Thisdampenswavesandmakesforaboringlycalmsurfbestlefttosunbathers.Thesurfers’reasoningissoundfortheshort-wave,wind-generatedswellsthattheyride.

島嶼可能會增加海嘯，而不會減弱海嘯沖浪者不會去海中的島嶼的沙灘上去沖浪。一代又一代的金發(fā)膚色烏黑的沖浪者會告知你，那是由于這類小島形成自然?的防波堤。這類島嶼的沙灘海浪較小，海面很安靜，最適合曬日光浴的人了。較短、由風(fēng)產(chǎn)生浪比較適合沖浪，對于這種浪來說，這種解釋很合理。

ButThemistoklisStefanakis,oftheEcoleNormaleSuperieureinCachan,France,warnsitmaynotbetrueforthelongerwavelengthsoftsunamis.AsheandhiscolleaguesshowinapaperpostedonarXiv,anonlinerepository,littoralislandsmayactuallyexacerbate,ratherthandiminish,theeffectsofthesewaves.Anecdotalevidenceforthiscounterintuitiveassertioncomesfromepisodeswherethesametsunamihasbattereddifferenttypesofcoastaltopography.

但是，來自法國卡尚高等師范學(xué)校ThemistoklisStefanakis警告說，對于波浪較長的海嘯來說，就不一樣了。如Themistoklis

Stefanakis跟他的同事在線數(shù)據(jù)庫arXiv發(fā)表的文章中所描述的的那樣：實(shí)際上沿海的島嶼可能會增加長波浪的強(qiáng)度，而不是減弱。這種違反直覺的推斷的軼事證據(jù)來自很少見的現(xiàn)象—同一海嘯會造成不同的海岸地貌。

In2022,forinstance,whenonehittheMentawaiislandsinIndonesia,areasofcoastlinedirectlybehindisletsborethebruntofthedamage,accordingtoCostasSynolakis,atsunamiexpertattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniawhoisoneofthestudy’sco-authors.DrSynolakis,MrStefanakisandtheircolleaguesdecidedtotrytoputnumbersontheirhunch.Ratherthanvaliantlystakingoutseafrontlocales,though,theytestedtheideawithacomputermodel.

例如，2022年印度尼西亞明達(dá)威島遭受的海嘯，明達(dá)威島后的海岸區(qū)域的破壞的最為嚴(yán)峻，南加州高校的海嘯專家Costas

Synolakis這樣說道，他是這篇文章的之一。博士SynolakisMr

Stefanakis及他們的同事，打算驗(yàn)證這個(gè)設(shè)想。他們想到用電腦模擬的方法來試驗(yàn)，而不是在海岸試驗(yàn)。

Thisisharderthanitsounds.Simulatingthewaywavesbehaveastheymakelandfallmeanstakingaccountof,literally,oceansofdata.Tosimplifytheproblem,theresearcherslookedatwhathappenswhenacomputerisedwaveencountersacone-shapedislandonasmoothlyslopingseabedinfrontofastraightcyber-coastlinewithabeachthatcontinuestorisesmoothlyasitprogressesinland.

實(shí)際做起來要比聽起來難許多。要模擬當(dāng)海浪到大陸地時(shí)海浪的運(yùn)動就意味著要嚴(yán)格地考慮到海洋的信息。為了簡化問題，在帶有海灘的筆直虛擬海岸線可平滑上升的狀況下，討論人員觀看當(dāng)模擬的的海浪在平滑的斜海床上與錐形島嶼相遇時(shí)，會發(fā)生什么。

Theseapproximationsallowacomputertocopewiththeproblem,yetaresufficientlysimilartomanyrealplacesfortheconclusionsdrawnfromthemto,asitwere,holdwater.Theteammadetheirvirtualisletjutoutoftheoceantoanaltitudeof100metres,atypicalheightabovesealevelforsuchoutcrops.Theythenlookedat200combinationsofgradientsforthesidesoftheisland,theseabedandthebeach;thedistancebetweentheislandandthebeach;andthewavelengthoftheencroachingtsunami.

電腦在處理這類問題時(shí)，這種近似可以忽視，然而這跟之前認(rèn)為得減弱海浪的結(jié)論已經(jīng)很相像了.討論組將模擬的島嶼拉高到海平面100米的位置,很多島嶼超出海平面也就是100米。他們將島嶼、海床、沙灘的外圍的傾斜度，島嶼和沙灘的距離，海嘯的波長做了200種組合來試驗(yàn)觀看。

Innoneofthesedidanislandofferanysuccourtothecoastlinebehindit.Instead,itactedasalens,focusingthewave’sdestructivepowerandamplifyingitssizebybetween5%and70%.Theupshotisthat,farfromshieldingacoastline,offshoreislandscanmakethingsworse—informationthatshouldbeincorporatedintotsunamievacuationplans.Forifabigwaveiscoming,runningfromitisnotenough.Youalsohavetoknowhowfartorunbefore