專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座

0第三講：聽(tīng)力專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第1頁(yè)1Part2Part1Part4DICTATIONPart3專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第2頁(yè)短文聽(tīng)寫(xiě)(Dictation)考試時(shí)間：15分鐘總分：15分共一篇短文，長(zhǎng)度約150個(gè)詞，含15個(gè)左右意群，每個(gè)意群一分。共朗誦四遍：第一，四遍以正常速度朗誦，語(yǔ)速為每分鐘120個(gè)詞；第二三遍朗誦時(shí)意群，分句間會(huì)留出15秒專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第3頁(yè)（一）主題分析

文體：說(shuō)明文（exposition)

題材：

介紹某物體或事物

介紹某事物發(fā)展演變過(guò)程

介紹某類人

介紹某現(xiàn)象

介紹節(jié)日

介紹語(yǔ)言或技巧專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第4頁(yè)介紹某物體或事物7/19（1992---）40%1992PaperlessWorld1995UnidentifiedFlyingObjectsDisappearingForestsSalmonTheWristWatchTheInternetAdvertising專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第5頁(yè)介紹某事物發(fā)展演變過(guò)程3/1918%1994ChangeoftheAmericanFamily1998TheRailwaysinBritainMoney專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第6頁(yè)介紹某類人2/1912%1996TheMedicineManCharacteristicsofaGoodReader專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第7頁(yè)介紹某現(xiàn)象3/1918%1993PackageHolidays1997LegalAgeforMarriageChoosingaCareer專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第8頁(yè)介紹節(jié)日2/191999UnitedNationsDayNewYear'sEve專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第9頁(yè)介紹語(yǔ)言或技巧2/19LanguageFreshmen'sWeek專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第10頁(yè)（二）常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤分析由音變現(xiàn)象而造成錯(cuò)誤正確：Moreenergyarrivesattheearth'ssurfaceinanhourthanisconsumedintheworldinawholeyear.

錯(cuò)誤：Moreenergyarrivesattheearth'ssurfaceinahowthanisconsumedintheworldinawholeyear.正確:Itisuptothetouroperator...

錯(cuò)誤:Itsuptothetouroperator...正確：Canyouimaginehowdifficultlifewouldbecome...

錯(cuò)誤：Canyouimaginehowdifficultlifewillbecome...正確:Everywhereweturn,wefindpaper..

錯(cuò)誤:Everywhereweturn,wefinepaper.專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第11頁(yè)常見(jiàn)音變現(xiàn)象:連讀連讀，即語(yǔ)速加緊時(shí)，兩個(gè)或多個(gè)分屬不一樣單詞相鄰音連在一起讀出語(yǔ)音現(xiàn)象。常見(jiàn)連讀分為以下三種：輔音+元音即第一個(gè)單詞以輔音結(jié)尾，下一個(gè)單詞以原因開(kāi)頭時(shí)，兩個(gè)詞連讀。如：outandoutsituplookoutof輔音+[h]音即第一個(gè)單詞以輔音結(jié)尾，下一格單詞以清輔音[h]開(kāi)頭，前一輔音將擊穿清輔音[h]，直接與[h]后原因相拼。如：giverhermisshimishebusy字母r+元音即第一個(gè)單詞以字母r或者re結(jié)尾，下一個(gè)單詞以原因開(kāi)頭，原本不發(fā)音字母r或者re發(fā)輔音[r]，并與后面元音相拼。如：areintherearemoreandmorewhereamI專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第12頁(yè)

Flight5125scheduledtotakeoffat11:30willbedelayedfor20minutes.Pleasecheckinhalfanhourpriortodeparture.專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第13頁(yè)常見(jiàn)音變現(xiàn)象:同化英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中，一些音，尤其是輔音連讀通常發(fā)生音變，稱作音同化現(xiàn)象。常見(jiàn)同化變音有四個(gè)[t]+[j]notyetlastyear[d]+[j]didyoucouldyouandyou[z]+[j]becauseyouseizeyou[s]+[j]suitissue專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第14頁(yè)常見(jiàn)音變現(xiàn)象：弱音

弱音指元音弱化，即一個(gè)單詞中元音在口語(yǔ)中，因?yàn)檎f(shuō)話速度快或在句中處于次要位置而不發(fā)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)讀音，變?yōu)槿趸衄F(xiàn)象。常見(jiàn)弱音現(xiàn)象：長(zhǎng)原因弱化為短原因

hebeen元音前輔音省略或輔音前元音弱讀

hishave元音弱化成？

usfor專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第15頁(yè)常見(jiàn)音變現(xiàn)象:失去爆破/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/是英語(yǔ)中6個(gè)爆破音。（爆破音是指發(fā)音器官在口腔中形成妨礙，然后氣流沖破妨礙而發(fā)出音。）在一些情況下，發(fā)爆破音時(shí)，氣流無(wú)須沖破妨礙，而只是發(fā)音器官在口腔中形成妨礙，并稍做停頓，即做好發(fā)出這個(gè)爆破音準(zhǔn)備，但不要發(fā)出音來(lái)。這類情況就叫做失去爆破或不完全爆破。

專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第16頁(yè)不完全爆破幾個(gè)可能1./p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/這6個(gè)爆破音中任何兩個(gè)音素相鄰時(shí),前者發(fā)不完全爆破音,后者則要完全地，徹底地進(jìn)行爆破。

Ihasaba(d)col(d)today.Youshoul(d)ta(k)ecareofthechildren.Gla(d)tomeetyou.2.爆破音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/在/t?/,/d?/,/?/,/?/前面時(shí)不完全爆破。

Haveyourea(d)thebookabouttha(t)child?Thethir(d)chairisbroken.3.爆破音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/在/m/,/n/,/l/,/s/前面時(shí)不完全爆破。

Goo(d)morning,sir.Goo(d)night.Theyareveryfrien(d)lytous.專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第17頁(yè)Formanypeopleinthewest,NewYear'sEveisthebiggestpartyoftheyear.It'stimetogettogetherwithfriendsorfamilyandwelcomeinthecomingyear.專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第18頁(yè)B.由英美兩種發(fā)音差異而造成錯(cuò)誤

Thefeesandceremoniesvary(very)greatlyfromstateandstate.Today'sfamily,however,canbecomposedofdiversecombinations.(cambinations)Therearecarefullyscheduled(...)stops...專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第19頁(yè)英音和美音幾大區(qū)分美音中除了Mrs.中“r”不卷舌之外，只要含有“r”字母單詞均要卷舌。spare

burglarpurposechairmanhorse

dirtyladderlectureweather專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第20頁(yè)字母a發(fā)音askcan'tdancefasthalfpathchanceadvantageanswer....專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第21頁(yè)字母o讀音bottlepopularoddshopboxcrophotpolishspot....專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第22頁(yè)美音中/t/出現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)元音之間且處于非重讀位置時(shí)候，發(fā)音近似/d/lettermattercitybetterprettywaitorwinterchapter...專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第23頁(yè)字母u在l,d,n,t之后,發(fā)音不一樣dueproduceattitudestudentopportunitysupermarkettunestupid...專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第24頁(yè)ile發(fā)音不一樣fertilehostilemissiletextile...專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第25頁(yè)特殊單詞eitherneitherirecorddictionaryfactorylaboratoryhistory....專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第26頁(yè)C.同音詞與近音詞

同音詞

air-heir,aisle-isle,aren't-aunt,bare-bear,brake-break,bred-bread,buy-by,cell-sell,cent-scent,cereal-serial,coarse-course,complement-compliment,dam-damn,dear-deer,die-dye,eight-ate,eye-I,fair-fare,father-farther,flour-flower,for-four,forth-fourth,groan-grown,hair-hare,heal-heel,hear-here,herd-heard,hole-whole,hour-our,idle-idol,knight-night,knot-not,know-no,knows-nose,knew-new,made-maid,mail-male,wring-ring,meat-meet,one-won,pair-pear,passed-past,peace-piece,plain-pear,poor-pour,pray-prey,principal-principle,profit-prophet,real-reel,right-write-rite,root-route,sail-sale,scene-sen,sea-see,seam-seem,sew-so-sow,sight-site,steal-steel,sun-son,tail-tale,there-their,threw-through,tire-tyre,two-to-two,way-weigh,wear-where,weather-whether,week-weak,weight-wait,wood--would,wore-war,worn-warn專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第27頁(yè)近音詞lead-lid,deed-did,peek-pickfool-full,pool-pullcart-cut,heart-hutmass-mess,bad-bed,dad-deadfight-fat,bike-back,lack-likeveil-whale,vest-west,vet-wetsign-shine,sigh-shy,same-shamecourse-cause,fuss-fuzz,house-house,loose-loseworth-worse,path-pass,think-sinkthin-thing,sin-sing,ban-bang,rightin-writinglace-race,collect-correct,light-rightneed-lead,night-light,nine-line專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第28頁(yè)D.單詞拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤輕易混同詞尾visitor-visiterbuilder-buildordistributor-distributerresistance-resistenceindependence-independancelicense-lisence...專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第29頁(yè)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換引發(fā)錯(cuò)誤explainexhibitcomplexsympathy專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第30頁(yè)拼寫(xiě)小結(jié)

注意數(shù)字書(shū)寫(xiě)，防止數(shù)字表示法引發(fā)錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)真核查單詞拼寫(xiě)，句首單詞首字母要大些。注意單詞中有不發(fā)音字母拼寫(xiě)形式，并勤統(tǒng)計(jì)。如exhibit,honor,knife,island,comb,tomb注意單詞中輔音字母單雙寫(xiě)問(wèn)題。如success,necessary,command,disappear,commonplace,attitude,communication專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第31頁(yè)E.語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤名詞單復(fù)數(shù)Themedicinemen(man)wereoftensuccessfulforanotherreason,too.語(yǔ)法規(guī)則：名詞前若有a,an,則該名詞必為單數(shù)名字前若是the，則該名詞可能為單數(shù)也可能為復(fù)數(shù)名字前若是few,afew,agoodmany,agreatmany,anumberof等詞或短語(yǔ)，則該名詞一定為復(fù)數(shù)名詞前若是little,alittle,much,anamountof,agreatdealof等詞或短語(yǔ)，則該名詞一定為不可數(shù)名詞名詞前若是some,any,alotof,plentyof,aquantityof,massesof等詞或短語(yǔ)，則該名詞可能為單數(shù)也可能為復(fù)數(shù)名詞后謂語(yǔ)是is,was，則該名詞一定為單數(shù)名詞后謂語(yǔ)是are,were，則該名詞一定為復(fù)數(shù)專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第32頁(yè)因動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)和單復(fù)數(shù)而引發(fā)錯(cuò)誤Thelanguagewhichremains(remain)unchanged(unchange)isnothingbutdead.()Inmoststates,awaitingperiodisrequired(require)beforethelicenseisissued.專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第33頁(yè)冠詞使用不妥引發(fā)錯(cuò)誤單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前必須加冠詞，聽(tīng)寫(xiě)完后，必須檢驗(yàn)冠詞使用是否恰當(dāng)。專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第34頁(yè)F.因?yàn)楸尘爸R(shí)缺乏而造成錯(cuò)誤

正確：inVictoriantimes錯(cuò)誤：invictorytimes正確：thenuclearfamily錯(cuò)誤：thenewclearfamily正確：UnitedNations'Day錯(cuò)誤：UnitedNation'sDay專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第35頁(yè)G.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)Theidea,forexample,ofbeingapainteroramusicianmayseemveryattractive...()Theideaforexampleofbeingapainteroramusicianmayseemveryattractive...Athree-daywaitisthemostcommon.(1997)Athreedaywaitisthemostcommon.Formanypeopleinthewest,NewYear'sEveisthebiggestpartyoftheyear...()Formanypeopleinthewest,NewYearsEveisthethebiggestpartyoftheyear...專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第36頁(yè)閱讀時(shí)多注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)應(yīng)用。注意插入語(yǔ)前后都應(yīng)該用逗號(hào)，如itissaid,itisbelieved,itisreported,forexample,forinstance,Ibelieve,Ithink,however,then,suchas注意不要遺漏名詞全部格中一撇和合成詞連字符狀語(yǔ)從句在前時(shí)，一定要用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)。專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第37頁(yè)EXERCISESListentothefollowingpassage.Altogetherthepassagewillbereadtoyoufourtimes.Duringthefirstreading,whichwillbereadatnormalspeed,listenandtrytounderstandthemeaning.Forthesecondandthirdreadings,thepassagewillbereadsentencebysentence,orphrasebyphrase,withintervalsof15seconds.Thelastreadingwillbereadatnormalspeedagainandduringthistimeyoushouldcheckyourwork.Youwillthenbegiven2minutestocheckthroughyourworkoncemore.專四聽(tīng)力之DICTATION專題知識(shí)專家講座第38頁(yè)TheWristWatch