佛教在中國發(fā)展情況

BuddhisminChina一、IntroductionofBuddhisminChina二、StatusofChineseBuddhism三、MostFamousTemplesandMonasteriesinChina四、TheMostFamousBuddhistGrottoesinChina五、TopBuddhaStatueinChinaContents一、IntroductionofBuddhisminChinaThegreatBuddhahadfoundtheBuddhisminancientIndiain2500

yearsago,ithaddevelopedforhundredsyears.BecauseofaspecialreasonithadcometoChinawhichhasathousandsyear’scivilizationhistoryatthebeginningofthecentury.IthasconnectedwiththeChinesetraditionalculture.IthasalreadycometoChinaformorethan2023years.IthasbecomeourcharacteristicBuddhism–ChinaBuddhism.

中國佛教包容了三大致系：北傳佛教（大乘佛教）Mahayana南傳佛教（小乘佛教）Hinayana藏傳佛教全方面繼承了印度三個時期旳佛教。

ChinaBuddhism

hasbeenformedeightschoolsnow.禪宗三論宗天臺宗華嚴(yán)宗凈土宗律宗法相宗密宗鼎盛時期的八個宗派HowdidBuddhismcometoChina?

BuddhismwasfirstlyintroducedintotheregioninhabitedbytheHanpeoplearoundthe1stcentury.

Itissaidthatintheyear2BC,YiCun,anemissaryofDayuezhiKingdom,wenttoChang'an(today'sXi'anCity)toimpactBuddistsutrastoaChinesesDoctorJingLu.AndthisisthefirstrecordabouttheintroductionofBuddhismintoChina.

ThereisanothersayingthatduringthereignoftheIndianKingAsoka(272-226BC),18IndiansvisitedChina’sXianyangCityduringthereignofEmperorQinShihuang.

Intheyear250BC,KingAsokaconvokedthethirdconferenceand,aftertheconference,DadewassenttospreadBuddhismtoothercountriesincludingChina.二、StatusofChineseBuddhism

ThefeatureofChineseBuddhismliesinthecoexistenceofMahayanaBuddhismandHinayanaBuddhismaswellastheconcomitanceofExotericandEsotericBuddhism.

IndianBuddhistswerethreatenedbythevaluesandsocio-politicalstructuresoftheIndiansocietyTheIndiansocietydominatedbyHinduismandIslam.

Buddhismvanishedbetween9thcenturyand10thcenturyinInd.BuddhismweredevelopedrapidlyinChina

DuringtheWeiandJinDynasties(220-420)theinfluenceofBuddhismspreadwidely.

DuringtheSouthernandNorthernDynasties(420-589)therulingclassesfurtherhelpedthespreadofBuddhismbybuildingtemplesandmonasteries,translatingBuddhistsutrasandconstructinggrottoes,andmanyfamousmonks,scholarsandteachersemerged.

BytheSuiandTang

Dynasties(581-907),Buddhismreacheditsapexofpopularityandsplendors,anddifferentsectsofBuddhismhadbeenformedinChina.佛教在中國旳傳播

漢語系佛教在中國旳3個發(fā)展階段

兩漢之際、魏晉、南北朝時期為譯傳階段。中國先后譯出大量旳佛教經(jīng)典，研究佛教旳風(fēng)氣成為一時之盛

隋唐兩代是中國佛教旳發(fā)明階段和鼎盛時期。中國僧人分別以一定旳印度佛教經(jīng)典為根據(jù)，開宗立派，創(chuàng)構(gòu)了自己旳理論體系宋元明清四朝中國佛教處于融合階段。佛教在這923年間空前廣泛、進(jìn)一步地與中國旳文化全方面結(jié)合。精英佛教停滯衰退，而大眾佛教取得長足發(fā)展譯傳階段發(fā)明階段融合階段

Overalongperiod,BuddhismgraduallytookrootinthefeudalsocietyofChina,interminglingwithConfucianandTaoistthought.

IthadastrongpopularappealanditsideasmadeanotableimpactonChinesephilosophy,literatureandart.

三、MostFamousTemplesandMonasteriesinChinaChinesetemplesandmonasteriesarewellkeptculturalartifactsofeverydynasty.

Chinahasinnumerabletemplesandmonasteries,amongwhichthefollowingsgotthegreatestreputation.

WhiteHorseTemple

LocatedeastofLuoyang,WhiteHorseTempleisnestedbetweentheLuoRiverandMangHill.DuringtheEasternHanDynasty,theemperordispatchedseveralmonkstoIndiaforthesakeofobtainingBuddhistscriptures.TheCradleofBuddhisminChinaAhistoricsitewithmorethan1,900

years.Itiswell-preserved.

XiangguoMonastery

XiangguoMonasterywasoriginallybuiltin555ADduringtheNorthernQiDynasty;ithasahistoryofover1,400years.IntheNorthernSongDynasty,themonasterywasenlargedmanytimesandbecamethelargestmonasteryandthenationalBuddhistcenteratthattime.

Atpresent,theexistingstructuresofthemonasteryaretheGrandHall,theOctagonalHall,theeastandwestchambers,andotherbuildingsholdingBuddhistsutras.

ShaolinTemple

Firstbuiltin495A.D.,ShaolinTempleisfamousforChineseKungFuorMartialArts.

FamenTemple

心經(jīng)觀自在菩薩行深般若菠蘿蜜多時照見五蘊皆空度一切苦厄舍利子，色不異空空不異色色即是空，空即是色受想行識，亦復(fù)如是。舍利子，是諸法空相不生不滅，不垢不凈，不增不減是故空中無色無受想行識無眼耳鼻舌身意無色聲香味觸法無眼界，乃至無意識界無無明，亦無無明盡乃至無老死亦無老死盡無苦集滅道無智亦無所得以無所得故菩提薩埵依般若菠蘿蜜多故心無掛礙無掛礙故無有恐怖遠(yuǎn)離顛倒夢想究竟涅盤三世諸佛依般若菠蘿蜜多故得阿耨多羅三藐三菩提故知般若菠蘿蜜多是大神咒是大明咒是無上咒是無等等咒能除一切苦真實不虛故說般若菠蘿蜜多咒即說咒曰揭諦揭諦波羅揭諦波羅僧揭諦菩提薩婆訶

FamenTempleisfamousfordiscoveryingthefingersbonesofSakyamuni.

8emperorsoftheTangDynastyoncewelcomedthefingerbonesofBuddhatothepalace

Theydonatedalargenumberoftreasurestotheundergroundpalaceofthetemple.

四、TheMostFamousBuddhistGrottoesinChina

These

Buddhistgrottoesareoutdoorartmuseumswithfabulousfrescosandstatues.TheyrepresentanimportantchapterinChinaculturalandreligioushistory.

YungangGrottoes

TheUNESCO’sWorldCulturalHeritageList.

ThebestpreservedsitesinChinawith53cavescontainingover51,000stonecarvingsofBuddhaandBuddhist.

16kmsouthwestofthecityofDatonginShanxiprovince.Mainlyconstructedbetween460-525ADduringtheNorthernWeidynasty.

RepresentexceptionalfeatofBuddhistcaveartinChinainthe5thand6thcentury.

ConstructionoftheYungangGrottoeswasmainlyfinancedbyroyalfamiliesandnoblefamilies,andtheimposingmannerandelaboratecarvingsoftheseBuddhaimagesincorporatetheartisticstylesofChina,India,Persiaandothercountries.點擊添加文字內(nèi)容LongmenGrottoes

TheLongmenGrottoesarelocated12kmsouthofpresentdayLuoyang.

After1,500years,itisstillmagnificent.Itsrichcontentreflectsfromdifferentaspects,thedevelopmentandchangesinancientChina'spolitics,economy,religionandculture.IthascontributedtremendouslytothecreationanddevelopmentofChinesegrottoart.

五、TopBuddhaStatueinChina

ChinaisacountrywithprofoundBuddhismCulture.AtancientChina,peopleofalldifferentsocialrankingsacceptedBuddhism.

LeshanGiantBuddha

ThetalleststoneBuddhastatueintheworld,whichwascarvedoutofacliff.

ThesitewaslistedontheWorldCultural