本科畢業(yè)設計-comparison-between-british-and-chinese-tea-culture-英語專業(yè)

ComparisonBetweenBritishandChineseTeaCulture

Content

Introduction····················································3

HistoryanddevelopmentofChineseteaculture···············3

HistoryanddevelopmentofBritishteaculture················3

Differenttea-drinkinghabitsinChinaandBritain·············4

Differentoccasionsfordrinkingtea·····························4

1.1OccasionsforChinesetodrinktea···························4

1.2Britishteabreak················································4

1.3Britishafternoontea············································4

TeaetiquettedifferencesinChinaandBritain·················5

TeaetiquettesinChina············································5

1.1Etiquettesinmakingtea·········································5

1.2Etiquettesindrinkingtea········································5

1.3Etiquettesinservingtea·········································5

TeaetiquetteinBritain············································5

2.1Clothing····························································5

2.2Hostess’sduty····················································5

2.3Tablemanner·····················································6

2.4Howtodrink····················································6

IV．ImpactsofteainChinaandBritain·································6

LiteratureimpactsinChinaandBritain·······················6

Teaandlanguage····················································6

Otherimpacts························································7

V.Conclusion··································································7

VI．Reference·································································8

Abstract:DrinkingteahasbeenacustomforseveralcenturiesbothinChinaandBritain.Teatastingdefinitelyhasdeepculturemeanings.Britain,asthesecondlargestteaconsumer,formeditsownBritishteacultureaftertheteawasintroducedfromChina.Tea-drinkinghasaffectedmanyaspectsofBritain,suchasliterature,languageandeconomy.Asthebirthplaceoftea,Chinahasformedacompletesystemofteaculturecalled“Chadao”.Itincludeschoosingthetea,selectingthewater,teatechnology,teasetart,choosingandcreatingtheenvironmentandsoon.Astwobigtea-drinkingcountries,ChinaandBritainsharesomesimilaritiesanddifferencesinteaculture.Andthecomparisonbetweenthemiscatchingmoreandmoreattention.

Keywords:teaculture,British,Chinese,teaetiquettes,differences…

Teaculture,withahistoryofabout4000years,isanimportantpartofChinesetraditionalculture.Fromtheancienttimes,emperorslovedtodrinktea.Downtheages,teaisknownasahealthy,refreshingdrink.Thatispartofthereasonwhyitcanspreadtheeternity.SinceTangdynasty,teaindustrybecameprosperouswithmanyteashopsbeginningtoappearatthattime.TheSageofteanamedLuYuwasalsoborninTangDynasty.Hewrotethefirstbookontea—“ChaChing”.AfterthefoundingofNewChina,thedevelopmentofteaculturekeptonspeedingup.

Britishteaculturealsohasalonghistory.In1662,PrincessCatherineofBraganzamarriedCharlesandshefirstbroughtteatoBritain.Sincethenavastnumberofkingsandnobles,suchasKingWilliamIIIandQueenAnne,becamekeentodrinktea.Soontea-drinkingbecameverypopularamongEnglishupperclass.Sincethemiddleofeighteenthcentury,somenoblewomenbegantodrinkteatogetherduringtimeintervalsoflunchandsupper.ThewidespreadofteainBritainwasin19thcenturywhenIndiawaspartofBritishEmpire.In1848,amannamedRobertFortunecametoChinaandbroughtbacksometeatreeseedstoIndia.ThereforeteatreesbegantogrowandthriveinEurope,especiallyinBritain.Whatismore,afterthattea-drinkingbecamemoreandmorepopularnotonlyinupperclass,butalsoinciviliansociety.Theevidencesweretheteagardensandteadances.TeadancesarestillquitepopularinBritaintoday,howeveritisapitythatteagardensdisappearedgraduallyafterWorldWarII.Now,peopleinBritaindrinkteaseveraltimesaday.

AlthoughbothChinesepeopleandBritishpeoplelikedrinkingtea,theydrinkdifferentkindsofteafordifferentreasons.InBritain,peopleinitiallydrankgreentea,latertheypreferredblackteaandaddedsomemilkandsugaraccordingtooneselftastes.WhileinChina,peoplemayaddsomesugarbuttheyneverdrinkteawithmilk.GenerallyChineseteacanbedividedintosixtypes:GreenTea,YellowTea,WhiteTea,OolongTea,DarkTea,andBlackTea.

InChina,usuallyoldpeoplelikedrinkingteaaloneinaquietatmosphere.IntheteashopsinChina,theenvironmentisquietandtastefullylaidout.Sometimesinsteadofenjoyingthetea,peoplewouldliketodosomemeditationsduringacupoftea.Howevertherearealsosomeotherconditionswhereteaisnecessary.Firstlyandmostcommonly,Chinesepeopleareaccustomedtotreattheguestswithacupoftea.SecondlyintraditionalChinesewedding,thebrideandgroomshouldkneeltogetherinfrontoftheirpatientsoreldersandserveteatotheminordertoexpresstheirthankstotheirparentsforbringingthemup.Theparentsshoulddrinktheteatoshowthattheyagreewiththeirchildren’smarriage.Additionallyservingteaalsohasmanyothermeaningssuchasrespectandapologizes.Howeverthesetraditionshavebeengraduallyabandonedbythenewgenerations.

QuitedifferentfromChinesepeople,Britishliketodrinktearegularlyandtimely.Theyhavethreemealsandtwointervalsforteaeveryday.Afteralongtimeofworkingandstudying,theyneeda15-20minutesbreaktohavearest.Duringthebreaktheyusuallyhaveacupofteaandeatsomedesserts.Nowadaysinwesternculture“Tea!”isnolongermeansdrinkingteaoreatingsomefood,butalsomeanshaveashortrest.Thebreakisclassifiedintotwokinds,morningteaandafternoontea.Morningteaisatabout11:00.Theafternoonteaisservedat4:00or5:00pm.

WecanfeeltheimportanceofafternoonteainHenryJames’swords"Therearefewhoursinlifemoreagreeablethanthehourdedicatedtotheceremonyknownasafternoontea."

Afternoontea,theveryBritishtradition,wasstartedbytheDuchessofBedfordinthe18thcentury.Shefelt“sink”andhungryintheafternoonsincethedinnerwasservedlateat8:00intheevening.Sheaskedhercheftopreparesometeaanddessertsandtakethemtoherroomat4:00pm.Latersheinvitedsomefriendstojoinher.Theteabreaksoonbecameafashionablesocialevent.Itisknownas“VictoriaAfternoonTea”.Thenoblewomentookitsoseriouslythattheywouldchangeintoformalclothesfortheirafternoontea.Usuallyitisservedbetweenfourandfiveo'clock.Althoughitiscalledafternoontea,sandwiches,cakesandotherthingsarealsoserved.Afternoonteaisnotcommonthesedaysbecausemostadultsgoouttowork.HowevertherearemanytearoomsaroundEngland.

TheformalwayofdrinkingteainChinaisquitecomplex.Onlystudyingthefollowingfewrulesaboutteacanonetrulyappreciatethecomplexity.Teamakershouldnotfilltheteacupsoneafteranother.He/shemustpourtwoorthreeroundsuntiltheteacupsarefilledwithtea.Thisistoensurethateachteacupgetsanevenshareofteaandeachcupofteahasthesametaste,sothatalldrinkerswouldfeelbeingtreatedequally.Whendrinkingtea,oneshouldnotdrinkitupallatonce,instead,he/sheshouldfirstsmellit,tasteit,andthendrinkitslowly.Whengivingtheteacuptotheguests,he/shemustusetherighthandtoholdtheteacup,andserveteafromtherighthandoftheguest.Innormalconditions,theteashouldbeservedtotheguestsaccordingtotheirsocialstatusorworkingposition.Apersonwiththehighestpositionisservedatfirst.Oneshouldstrictlyfollowtheserules;otherwise,he/shewouldberegardedasignorantofteaetiquette.

EtiquettesofdrinkingteainBritainareascomplexasinChina,buttheyarequitedifferent.Britainhasitsownetiquettes.Andtheetiquettesdifferfromdifferentcircumstances.Themostcomplexetiquetteisintheformalafternoonteaparty.Thedetailsareasfollowing:

Firstly,peopleneedtochoosetherightclothes.InVictoriaperiod,thegentlemenshouldwearswallow-tailedcoat;theladiesshouldbeinlonggown.NowadaysintheformalafternoonteaatBuckinghamPalace,thegentlemenalsowearswallow-tailedcoat,buttheladiescouldweardaytimedress,moreoverthehatisessential.

Secondly,thehostessshouldservetheguestbythemselveswearingnormalclothestoshowtheirrespect.Ifnothaveto,theywouldnotaskmaidservantsforhelp.

Thirdly,thetablemannerduringafternoonteaisalsoneedtobepayattentionto.Therearemanyaspects.Thefirstoneisthelayoutofthetable.Beforetheguestsarrive,alltheteacups,sugarbowlsandmilkpotsmustbereadyonthetable.Teapotsmustbeheat-preservative.Theteapotisoftenbroughttotableaftertheguestsareallseatdown.Thesecondoneishowtheteacupisplaced.Theygenerallyshouldbeplacedonthepositiveorrightsideoftheguestswiththeholderpointingtotheright.Theteaspoonshouldbeputundertheholder.

Lastbutnotleast,thewayofdrinkingshowsaperson’sgoodmanner.Whenholdingthecupwithonehand,nevercockupthelittlefinger;ifmilkisaddedtothetea,remembertopullthemilkintothecupbeforethetea.

Althoughtheetiquettesarecomplex,donotforgetthatthetruemeaningofafternoonteaistoenjoythemomentwithfriendsandfamilies.

Ifacustom,suchasdrinkingtea,couldlastforthousandsofyears,itmustinfluencesmanyaspectsofthatcountry.TeaisconnectedwithliteratureinmanywaysbothinChinaandinBritain.Manylitterateursandpoetshavewrittenteaintheirworks.Wecanfind“tea”inmanyworkssuchasJaneAustin’sfamousnovelprideandprejudice.AlsoagreatChinesepoetLiuYuxioncewroteapoem—TasteofTea.

Teaalsoinfluencesthelanguage.Therearemanytea-relatedphrases,suchasteacup,teacaddyandteapot.Theyareallnewwordsafterteaappeared.Alsotherearemanyidiomsconsistedof“tea”.Forinstance,“that’snotmycupoftea”meanssomeonereallydoesnotlikethisthing.NowinBritain“tea”doesnotsimplymeandrinkingsometea,butalsomeanstohaveashortbreak.WhentranslatingEnglishworks,translatorsmustpayspecialattentiontotheword—tea.

TeahasalsoinfluencedtheBritishIndustrialRevolution.Althoughafternoonteatakesalotofworkingtime,it,ontheotherhand,prolongstheworker’sworkinghourbygivingthemmoreenergytofinishthework.Thatisthereasonwhyemployersareallinfavorofafternoontea.Whatismore,drinkingtea