2022年河北省承德市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級真題一卷(含答案)

2022年河北省承德市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級真題一卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.EconomizingofthePoor

ComprehendingEconomizingofthePoor

Walkingdowntheaislesofasupermarket,low-incomeshoppersmustconsideranumberoffactorsincludingquantity,price,qualityandnutritionaldifferenceswhenselectingfoodproducts.Food-purchasedecisionsbythepooroftenentailbalancesamongtaste,preferenceandqualityfactors—eitherrealorperceived—tomeetspendingconstraints.Withinbroadproductcategoriessuchascereal,cheese,meatandpoultry,andfruitsandvegetables,shopperscanchooseamongmanysubstitutableproducts.Low-incomeshopperscanextendtheirfooddollarsinanumberofways.Theymayshopindiscountfoodstores;theymaypurchaseandconsumelessfoodthanhigher-incomeshoppers;theymaypurchaselow-priced(andpossiblylowerquality)foodproducts;ortheymayrelyonsomecombinationofallthree.Abetterunderstandingofhowthepooreconomizeinfoodspendingaddressesimportantpolicyquestionsraisedbyresearchers,nutritioneducators,andfood-assistanceprogrammanagers.

TheCorrelationbetweentheLocationandPrice

Whetherthepoorfacesignificantlydifferentfoodpricesduetowheretheyshopforfoodremainsanunresolvedempiricalquestion.Extensiveresearchovertheyearshastriedtoanswerthequestion—Dothepoorpaylessforfood?TheEconomicResearchService(ERS)in1997receivedtheresultsofstudiescomparingpricedifferencesingrocerystoresacrossdifferentincomelevelsandcombinedthesewithcurrentcensusdataonthedistributionoflow-incomehouseholdsbyurbanizationtype.TheERSstudyconcludedthat,ingeneral,thepoorfacehigherpricesduetotheirgreaterrepresentationinurbanandruralareas(asopposedtosuburbanareas),wherefoodpricestendtobehigher.

HigherPricesbutLessSpending

Basedonresultsfromhouseholdsurveys,ERSalsofoundthatdespitefacinghigherprices,low-incomeshoppersspendlessthanhigher-incomeshoppersforfoodpurchasedinfoodstores.Duetotheirlevelofaggregationandlackofin-storesalesandpromotioninformation,suchsurveysshedlittlelightontheeconomizingpracticesofhouseholds.Tolearnmoreabouthowlow-incomeshoppersspendlessforfooddespitefacinghigherprices,weobtainedfood-storepurchasedatathatincorporateper-capitaquantityandexpenditure-measureequivalents(householdmeasuresadjustedforhouseholdsize)acrossincomelevels.

TheMainEconomizingPractices

Theresultingcomparisonsdescribehowindividualswithdifferentlevelsofincomevaryintheirfood-spendingpatterns.Byusingactualtransactiondata,detailedinformationabouttheproductpurchased(forexample,price,productdescription,packagesize,andbrandname)aswellastheconditionofpurchase(promotion,coupon,orsaleitem)wasobtained.Fromthese,theaverageunitcost(perounce,perpound)foreachitemwascalculated.Low-incomeshoppersmayusefourprimaryeconomizingpracticestoreducetheirfoodspending.First,theymaypurchaseagreaterproportionofdiscountedproducts.Second,theymaypurchasemoreprivate-labelproducts(genericorstorebrand)versusbrandproductsthanhigher-incomeshoppersbuy.Third,theymaytakeadvantageofvolumediscountsbypurchasinglargerpackagesizes.Fourth,theymaypurchasealess-expensivefoodproductwithinaproductclass.Althoughqualitydifferencessuchasfreshness,convenienceandtasteoftencontributetopricesdifferences,differencesinnutritionalqualityarealsoevident.

MoreSpendingonPromotionalItems

Theuseofpromotionsismeasuredbycomparingthepercentageofexpendituresandquantitiesofeachproductpurchasedonpromotion(manufacturers'coupons,storecoupons,storesales,andotherpromotions).Forrandom-weightcheese,fruit,vegetablesandmeatin1998,low-incomehouseholds(

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

WhousedthetermSingularitytorefertotheerawhenhumanbeingsarereplaced?

A.Amathematician.

B.Acomputerscientist.

C.Ascience-fictionwriter.

D.Acomputerentrepreneur.

3.

Thevalueofunderstandingthelanguageofaforeigncountryshouldnotbeover-estimated,thoughmanyblundersininternationaladvertisingresultdirectlyfromtranslationmistakes.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.Tolimitwrongdoing,governmentshavelongbeentryingtocontrol______.

5.

RachelCarsonstartedwritingbefore______.

6.TheScienceofAnxiety

Allanimals,especiallythesmallkind,appeartofeelanxiety.Humanshavefeltitsincethedaystheysharedtheplanetwithsaber-toothedtigers.Butweliveinaparticularlyanxiousage.ArecentstudyfoundthateightmonthsaftertheSeptember11event,nearlytwo-thirdsofAmericansthinkabouttheterrorattacksatleastseveraltimesaweek.Anditdoesn'ttakemuchforalltheoldfearstocomerushingback.Whatwassurprisingabouttherecentdrumbeatofterrorwarningswashowquicklyittriggeredtheanxietysomanyofusthoughtwehadputbehindus.

Thisisoneofthemysteriesofanxiety.Whileitisanormalresponsetophysicaldangerandcanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhenthere'sadeadlinelooming-anxietybecomesaproblemwhenitpersiststoolongbeyondtheimmediatethreat.Sometimesthere'sanobviouscause.Othertimes,wedon'tknowwhywecan'tstopworrying.

Anxietydisorder—whichiswhathealthexpertscallanyanxietythatpersiststothepointthatitinterfereswithone'slife—isthemostcommonmentalillnessintheUSwhichinitsvariousforms,afflicts19millionAmericans.

Inrecentyears,researchershavemadesignificantprogressinnailingdowntheunderlyingscienceofanxiety.Injustthepastdecade,theyhavecometoappreciatethatwhateverthefactorsthattriggeranxiety,itgrowsoutofaresponsethatisrootedinourbrains.Theyhavelearned,amongotherthings:

-Thereisageneticcomponenttoanxiety;somepeopleseemtobebornworriers.

-Brainscanscanrevealdifferencesinthewaypatientswhosufferfromanxietydisordersrespondtodangersignals.

-Duetoashortcutinourbrain'sinformation-processingsystem,wecanrespondtothreatsbeforewebecomeawareofthem.

-Therootofananxietydisordermaynotbethethreatthattriggersitbutabreakdowninthemechanismthatkeepstheanxietyresponsefromcareeringoutofcontrol.

Beforewedigintothelatestresearch,let'sdefineafewterms.Thoughweallhaveourownintuitivesenseofwhatthewordsstressandfearmean,scientistsusethesewordsinveryspecificways.Forthem,stressisanexternalstimulusthatsignalsdanger,oftenbycausingpain.Fearistheshort-termresponsesuchstressesproduceinmen,womenorlabrats.Anxietyhasalotofthesamesymptomsasfear,butit'safeelingthatlingerslongafterthestresshasliftedandthethreathaspassed.

Ingeneral,sciencehasahardtimepinningdownemotionsbecausetheyarebynaturesoslipperyandsubjective.Mostpeopleareascluelessaboutwhytheyhavecertainfeelings.Butfearistheoneaspectofanxietythat'seasytorecognize.Humansbreakoutinacoldsweat.Heartbeatsrace,andbloodpressurerises.Thatgivesscientistssomethingtheycancontrolandmeasure.

Indeed,alotofwhatresearchershavelearnedaboutthebiologyofanxietycomesfromscaringratsandthencuttingthemopen.Theresearchersdestroysmallportionsoftherats'brainstoseewhateffectthathasontheirreactions.Bypainstakinglymatchingthedamagedareaswithchangesinbehavior,scientistshave,bitbybit,createdaroadmapoffearasittravelsthroughtherat'sbrain.

Thejourneybeginswhenaratfeelsthestress,inthiscaseanelectricshock.Therat'ssensesimmediatelysendamessagetothecentralportionofitsbrain,wherethestimulusactivatestwoneuralpathways.Oneofthesepathwaysisarelativelylong,circuitousroute(迂回徑路)throughthecortex(腦皮層),wherethebraindoesitsmostelaborateandaccurateprocessingofinformation.Theotherrouteisakindofemergencyshortcutthatquicklyreachesaclusterofcellscalledtheamygdale(扁桃體).

What'sspecialabouttheamygdalaisthatitcanquic

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

TheprogramofFlightSimulatorwasproducedbyMicrosoftandfiveothersmallfirms.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

AccordingtoDr.PeterDiot,______couldbepowerfulenoughtoPreventHIVtransmission.

9.

Suchexpensesaschildcareanddependentsupportingcanbewithheldfromthepaycheckfor______.

10.

Buildingawater-conservingsocietyisindispensableinguaranteeingChina'ssustainabledevelopment.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

PaulandNoradecidedto______becausetheydidn'twanttolosethechanceofgettingtherewardoffiftypounds.

12.

WhentheMissionstarteditwason______.

13.TaughenedGlass:theSolutiontoRetailOwners'SecurityConcerns

Taughenedglass,whichisalsocalledBastieglassbecauseofthenameoftheinventor,isakindofglassthatisfinelytemperedorannealed,byapeculiarmethodofsuddencoolingbyplungingwhilehotintooil,meltedwax,orparaffine.

Thedevelopmentandacceptanceoftaughenedglasshasundergoneseveralstages.Yetthebenefitsofthisparticularkindofglassstillremainunknowntoalargegroupofpeople.

DuPonthasdoneagreatjobofworkingwitharchitectsandthearchitecturalglassindustrytounderstand,developandpromotetheuseoftaughenedglass(safetyglass)worldwide.Withintheretailenvironmentinparticular,architectsinallcontinentsareusingtaughenedglassforadiverserangeofapplications--notonlyforeconomicandfunctionalreasonsbutalsoforthepureaestheticdelightofusingthematerial.

Yetsadly,thegeneralpublicinNorthAmericaisstilltoooftenignorantofthebenefitstaughenedglasscanbring--notonlyinshopsbutalsoinofficesandhomes.Thematerialisstillalltoooftenperceivedasvaguely"moreexpensive"anditswiderangeofbenefitsremainslargelyunknown.Sharingthebenefitswithbuildingowners-fromthebusinesscommunitytohomeowners--hastobeournextmajorchallenge.

NationalGateandGlassCorp.suppliesstorefrontglasstoretailersthroughoutNorthAmerica,fromnationwidechainstosingleoutletowners.Howeverlargeorsmall,ourcustomershavesimilarconcernswhenitcomestothestorefrontglasstheyusewithregardtocost,appearance/aesthetics,securityandservice.

Thegoodnewsisthatin99.9percentofcases,wefindthattheinstallationof6mm+6mmtaughenedglasswithaninterlayerof0.76mmButacite(r)PVBinterlayersolvesalloftheseconcernswithease!Taughenedglassisanidealsolutionformodemretailersintermsofsamedayinstallation,securityprevention,protectionfromtheUVraysthatcausethedegradationofstoredisplaysandfurnishingsandtheeliminationofboardingfollowingdamagetothestorefront.

TimeIsMoney.

Everyoneintheretailconstructionvaluechain,fromownerstoforemen,areconcernedwithcosts.Weareabletoaddressthisfirstconcernprettyquickly.IntheUSA,taughenedglasscostsalmostexactlythesameastemperedglasstopurchaseandinstallpersquaremeter.InAustraliaandEurope,itcanbesignificantlycheaperthantemperedglass!Inthecaseofbreakage,thecostbenefitsoftaughenedglasscanbeseenveryclearly;asstoreowners,managersandlosspreventiondepartmentsknow,timeismoney!Unliketemperedglass,taughenedglassallowsstorestostayopeninthecaseofbreakagesincecrackedorbrokenglassstaysintheframe.Smallerlocationsthatareboardedupwithplywoodcanleavecustomerswiththeimpressionthattheyareclosed--andnobodycanaffordthat.It'scriticallyimportantthateveryoneknowsthatyouare

BetterLookingstorefronts

Thesecondmajorconcernisaesthetics.Manyofourretailcustomerslocatedindowntownareasautomaticallyassumethatshutterswillhavetobeinstalledtoensureadequatesecurityafterstoreopeninghours.Itisalwaysapleasureformetoseethereliefoncustomers'faceswhenItellthemaboutthesecuritybenefitsoftaughenedglassandhowthematerialeliminatestheneedforshutters,allowingmuchbetterlookingstorefronts.

ARealBoosttotheBottomLine

Athirdconcernissecurity.Thelosspreventionofficersofmajorretailersunderstandperhapsbetterthananyoneelsetheextenttowhichbreak-insandvandalismnegativelyaffectthebottomline.Myretailcustomerstellmethattheaveragecostofabreak,inisUS＄30,000.Thisnotonlyincludesstole

A.YB.NC.NG

14.Whenusingadrive-upATM,you'dbetterdriveclosetothemachineaswellas______.

15.

Acidrainhasmadenumerouslakessoacidicthatthey______.

16.AccordingtoRobertFeldman,theauthorofTheLiarinYourLife,Americansnow

A.regardthetruthasveryimportant

B.tendtoliemoreoftenthanbefore

C.startaconversationwiththreelies

D.hatetobedeceivedbytheirchildren

17.

TheInternetandmediacompanieshaverealizedtheimplicitvaluationsofsocialnetworking,buthaven'tmadeitaworkingrevenuemodel.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

Nanotechnologyisthestudyandmanipulationoftheverysmallmatterssuchasatoms,moleculesandviruses.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Healthmightbedefinedastheabilitytofunctioneffectivelyinmeetingphysical,emotional,andmentalstressesoflife.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

TheAIDSvirusisspreadthroughtheexchangeofinfectedbloodorbodyfluidsreleasedduringsexualactivity.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B10】

22.(26)

A.Tointroducethewomantosomeonewhohasresearchedblushing.

B.Toillustratethebenefitsofapublic-speakingclass.

C.Toexplainawaytoovercomeblushing.

D.Togiveanexampleofsomeonewhoblusheseasily.

23.【B2】

24.【B7】

25.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Iknewitwouldn'tbelongbeforetheydiscoveredmyescapefromtheboathousewheretheyhadlockedmeup,butnowIhadnochoiceexcepttogoon.Istumbledupthepathwhichrosesteeplytothetopofthecliff.Oncethere,Istoppedforamomenttogetmybreathback,lookingoutasIdidsoacrossthesea.Icouldseethesteamerwhichcameacrossonceaweekfromthemainlandmakingitswaytowardstheharbour.FromwhereIstood,itlookedlikeatoyormodelsomeonehadbuilt.Ibeganwavingmyarmsintheair,thenIremovedmyjacketandusedthattootoattractattention.Butitallseemedhopelessasthesteamersailedsteadilyontowardsthemouthoftheharbour.Ibegantoshout,inalastdesperateattempttostopher,andwhenmythroatwasquitedry,andmyarmsachingfromtheeffortIhadmade,thenatthelastmomentthemiraclehappened.Thesteamerbegantoslowup,andthentomovein,awayfromtheharbourandwhatawaitedherthere.

(27)

A.Onanisland.

B.Inthemountains.

C.Inacity.

D.Bythesea.

26.

【B3】

27.聽力原文：W:IthoughtTomsaidhegotA'sinallhistests.

M:Mary,youshouldknowbetterthantotakeTom'swordstooseriously.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(14)

A.Tomisveryresponsible.

B.Tom'swordsaren'treliable.

C.WhatTomsaidistrue.

D.Tomisnothumorousatall.

28.(32)

A.Becauseitwasorangeandsoft.

B.Becauseitwashardandeconomical.

C.Becauseitwasmoreabundantandeconomical.

D.Becauseitlookslikepig.

29.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:Ifthetrafficwasn'theldupforsolong,Iwouldhavebeentoclassbyteno'clock.

W:It'stmbadyoudidn'tmakeit.Theprofessorwaslookingforyouallmorning.

Q:Whathappenedtotheman?

(12)

A.Hedidn'tgotoworkthismorning.

B.Hewasinjuredandhadtogotothehospital.

C.Hetalkedwiththeprofessorinthemorning.

D.Thetrafficdelayedhim.

30.聽力原文：W:DowehaveanyassignmentforMonday?Idon'thaveanythingwrittendown.

M:Nothingtoreadinthetextbook,butwehavetoseeamovieandwriteaparagraphaboutit.

Q:WhathavethestudentsbeenassignedtodobeforeMonday?

(13)

A.Nothing.

B.Tocheckoutbooksfromthelibrary.

C.Toseeamovieandwriteaparagraph.

D.Toreadthenextchapterinthetextbook.

31.(18)

A.Injection.B.Ontime.C.Workhard.D.Havearest.

32.

【B9】

33.(43)

34.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:Icouldn'tputupwithmywifeanylonger.Idon'tknowwhysheusuallywantstolookateverythinginsuchanegativeway.

W:Maybeyoushouldleitogettoknowsomethingaboutherchildhood.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(12)

A.Themanshouldtrytobemoreunderstanding.

B.Theman'swifeshouldbemoreunderstanding.

C.Theman'snegativeattitudemaybederivedfromhischildhood.

D.Thepessimismofman'swifemaybetheresultofherpastexperiences.

35.聽力原文：W：Janeisreallydisappointed，ShewasexpectingBobtobringfreshfishtonight'sdinner.

M:Toobad，butthewavesweresohighthatBobdidn'ttrytogooutonthelake.

Q:WhathadBobintendedtodo?

(14)

A.Gofishing,B.Eatout.C.Doingshopping,D.Havingdinner.

36.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：W:I'mscurry,Mike.Ihavetoputoffourmeetingtillfouro'clockthisafternoon.Mr.Andersonwantsmetorevisetheannualreportrightnow.

M:Takeyourtime.Myscheduleisflexible.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(12)

A.Themeetingisnotonhisschedule.

B.Hedoesn'tmindpostponingthemeeting.

C.Themeetinggoesagainsthisschedule.

D.Hedoesn'tmindhavingmeetingaheadofschedule.

37.聽力原文：W:Stevecalledtoseewhetherwecangivehimalifttothebeachthisweekend.

M:Well,I'llseetothat,butwhetherornotwe'llhaveanyroomforhimisunclear.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(18)

A.HewillseeStevesoon.

B.Heisafraidtheweatherwillnotbeclear.

C.Heisnotsureiftherewillbeenoughspace.

D.HeisnotsureifhecanfindaroomforSteve.

38.【B11】

39.聽力原文：W:Idonotthinkyoucanfinishyourcomputerprojectinlessthanaweek.

M:Lindagotitmadeinjusttwodays.

Q:WhatdoesthemansayaboutLinda?

(14)

A.Shewillhelphim.

B.Shefinishedherstwodaysago.

C.Shecompletedherworkveryquickly.

D.Sheisstilldoingtheproject.

40.聽力原文：W:HowwastheEnglishexamyoutookyesterday?

M:NotaseasyasIexpected.IdidfairlywellonthereadingsectionbutImadequiteafewmistakesongrammar.

Q:Whatdidthemansayabouthistest?

(19)

A.Hiserrorsweremainlyinthereadingpan.

B.Itwasn'tverychallengingtohim.

C.Itwasmoredifficultthanhehadexpected.

D.Hemadeveryfewgrammaticalmistakesinhistest.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

WhatdoesJerilynRossmeanwhenhesays"Ifmentalhealthisthestepchildofthehealth-caresystem,...thenanxietyisthestepchildofthestepchild."?(Para.5)

A.Mentalhealthisahealth-careproblem.

B.Anxietyisamental-healthproblem~

C.Theproblemofmentalhealthisneglected.

D.Theproblemofanxietyisneglected.

42.

【C8】______

43.

【C4】

44.

Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound______.

A.nearapondwithawaterpump

B.closetoaslowlyflowingriver

C.highonsomebarrenmountains

D.nearafountain

45.

Lookatthejokeinthelastpartofthepassage.Wecaninferthatmostpeoplewithdamagetotherightanteriorfrontallobe______.

A.didnotunderstandthejoke

B.wouldchooseanswerc

C.wouldchooseanswerb

D.wouldchooseanswera

46.

WhatissaidaboutthecleanupandgiveawayprograminGainesvilleinthepassage?

A.Theworkingmembersweresentbythelocalgovernment.

B.Theworkingmemberscollectedfromthestudentswhatevertheydidn'tneed.

C.Itsetagoodexampleforsuchprogramsinothercommunities.

D.Peoplewerepersuadedtotakethedonateditemsandreusethem.

47.

InAsia,______betweenpartiestoacontractplaysanimportantrole.

48.

【C6】

49.ThedeclineoftraditionalreligionintheWesthasnotremovedtheneedformenandwomentofindadeepermeaningbehindexistence.Whyistheworldwayitisandhowdowe,asconsciousindividuals,fitintothegreatscheme?

Thereisagrowingfeelingthatscience,especiallywhatisknownasthenewphysics,providesanswerswherereligionremainsvagueandfaltering.Manypeopleinsearchofameaningtotheirlivesarefindingenlightenmentintherevolutionarydevelopmentsatthefrontiersscience.Muchtothebewildermentofprofessionalscientists,quasi--religiouscultsarebeingformedaroundsuchunlikelytopicsasquantumphysics,space--timerelativity,blackholesandthebigbang.

Howcanphysics,withitsreputationforcoldprecisionandobjectivematerialism,providesuchfertilesoilforthemystical?Thetruthisthatthespiritofscientificenquiryhasundergonearemarkabletransformationoverthepast50years.ThetwinrevolutionsoftheTheoryofRelativity,withitsspace--warpsandtimewarps,andthequantumtheory,whichrevealstheshadowyandunsubstantialnatureofatoms,havedemolishedtheclassicalimageofaclockworkuniverseslavishlyunfoldingalongapredeterminedpathway.Replacingthissterilemechanismisaworldfullofshiftingindeterminismandsubtleinteractionswhichhavenocounterpartindailyexperience.

Tostudythenewphysicsistoembarkonajourneyofwondermentandparadox,toglimpsetheuniverseinanovelperspective,inwhichsubjectandobject,mindandmatter,forceandfield,becomeintertwined.Eventhecreationoftheuniverseitselfhasfallenwithintheprovinceofscientificenquiry.

Thenewcosmologyprovides,forthefirsttime,aconsistentpictureofhowallphysicalstructures,includingspaceandtime,cametoexistoutofnothing.Wearemovingtowardsanunderstandinginwhichmatter,force,orderandcreationareunifiedintoasingledescriptivetheme.

Manyofuswhoworkinfundamentalphysicsaredeeplyimpressedbytheharmonyandorderwhichpervadesthephysicalworld.Tomethelawsoftheuniverse,fromquarkstoquasars,dovetail(吻合)togethersofelicitouslythattheimpressionthereissomethingbehinditallseemsoverwhelming.Thelawsofphysicsaresoremarkablycleverthattheycansurelyonlybeamanifestationofgenius.

Theauthorsayspeoplenowadaysfindthattraditionalreligionis______.

A.aform.ofreassurance

B.inadequatetotheirneeds

C.respondingtoscientificprogress

D.developinginstrangeways

50.Icameawayfrommyyearsofteachingonthecollegeanduniversitylevelwithaconvictionthatenactment(扮演角色),performance,dramatizationarethemostsuccessfulformsofteaching.Studentsmustbeincorporated,made,sofaraspossible,anintegralpartofthelearningprocess.Thenotionthatlearningshouldhaveinitanelementofinspiredplaywouldseemtothegreaterpartoftheacademicestablishmentmerelysilly,butthatisnonethelessthecase.OfEzekielCheever,themostfamousschoolmasteroftheMassachusettsBayColony,hisonetimestudentCottonMatherwrotethathesoplannedhislessonsthathispupils"cametoworkasthoughtheycametoplay",andAlfredNorthWhitehead,almostthreehundredyearslater,notedthatateachershouldmakehis/herstudents"gladtheywerethere"

Since,wearetold,80to90percentofallinstructioninthetypicaluniversityisbythelecturemethod,weshouldgivecloseattentiontothisform.ofeducation.Thereis,Ithink,muchtruthinPatriciaNelsonLimerick'sobservationthat"lecturingisanunnaturalact,anactforwhichGoddidnotdesignhumans.Itisperfectlyallright,nowandthen,forahumantobepossessedbytheurgetospeak,andtospeakwhileothersremainsilent.Buttodothisregularly,onehourand15minutesatatime..,foronepersontodragonwhileotherssitinsilence?...IdonotbelievethatthisiswhattheCreator..,designedhumanstodo".

Thestrange,almostincomprehensiblefactisthatmanyprofessors,justastheyfeelobligedtowritedully,believethattheyshouldlecturedully.Toshowenthusiasmistoriskappearingunscientific,un-objective;itistoappealtothestudents'emotionsratherthantheirintellect.Thustheideallectureisonefilledwithfactsandreadinanunchangedmonotone.

Thecult(推崇)oflecturingdully,likethecultofwritingdully,goesback,ofcourse,someyears.EdwardShils,professorofsociology,recallstheprofessorsheencounteredattheUniversityofPennsylvaniainhisyouth.Theyseemed"apriesthood,heirbearing;theyneverreferredtoanythingpersonal.Somereadfromoldlecturenotesandthenhaltinglyexplainedthethumb-wornlastlines.Otherslecturedfromcardsthathadservedforyears,tojudgebythewornedges...Theteachersbeganontime,endedontime,andlefttheroomwithoutsayingawordmoretotheirstudents,veryseldombeingdetainedbyquestioners...Theclasseswerenotlarge,yettherewasnodiscussion.Noquestionswereraisedinclass,andtherewerenoofficehours".

Theauthorbelievesthatasuccessfulteachershouldbeableto______.

A.makestudyjustaseasyasplay

B.improvestudents'learningperformance

C.makeinspiredplayanintegralpartofthelearningprocess

D.makedramatizationanimportantaspectofstudents'learning

51.

Whatattitudedopeopletaketoward