車輛管理系統(tǒng)

年4月19日車輛管理系統(tǒng)文檔僅供參考，不當之處，請聯(lián)系改正。C++項目：車輛管理系統(tǒng)目標：寫一個小程序，要求到用標準模板庫中的list容器和迭代器，能夠使用到多繼承來進行實驗。1.1General(概述)1.在寫代碼之前要仔細閱讀作業(yè)要求2.要求對不正確的輸入做檢查3.在你寫完一個類之后，要緊接著寫這個類的測試函數(shù)，因此，當你調(diào)試你寫的代碼的時候，你能夠很容易的對你的代碼做重復檢查。這樣才能夠保證你當前寫的代碼能夠準確無誤的執(zhí)行。可能出于某些原因你要對你寫過的代碼作一此些修改，這樣你重新測試你修改的代碼就相對比較容易。4.添加完成你的任務所需要的函數(shù)。1.2Introduction(簡介):渥太華這個城市正在創(chuàng)立一個有關(guān)交通工具的“數(shù)據(jù)庫”,來為它的議會(委員會)做預算提供較好的參考。這個城市有許多不同種類的機動車輛：客車，貨車，卡車，緊急車輛(救護，消防等)，在對這個城市了解之后，要求你設計一個有下圖要求的層次的系統(tǒng)。

2Implementthefollowingfunctionsforeachclass:為每個類實現(xiàn)以下函數(shù)2.1(Vehicle類)(屬性：所有的屬性要求為私有的)charlicensePlate[]屬性：車的車牌(執(zhí)照)作為它的id,一個車牌最多可由8組成。char*type屬性：車輛類型(例如：汽車，卡車，消防車)char*make屬性：車輛的制造商doublegasTankSize屬性：總油量doublefuelConsumption屬性：單位路程耗油量函數(shù):R1.構(gòu)造函數(shù)vehicle(char*type,char*licensePlate,doublegasTankSize,doublefuelConsumption)Tppe的默認值為：carlicensePlate的默認值為:ottawa01gasTankSize的默認值為:100fuelConsumption的默認值為:10所有其它不在構(gòu)造函數(shù)中的參數(shù)要求置0或置空R2.voidsetMake(char*make);設置制造商的值R3.setFuelData(doublegasTankSize,doublefuelConsumption)–設置燃料的有關(guān)信息(總油量，單位路程耗油量)R4.setType(char*type)–設置車輛類型R5.setLicensePlate(char*license)–設置車輛的車牌R6.virtualprintSpecifications()-打印車輛的具體信息,例如：制造商、類型，車牌，燃油量和油箱容積R7.virtualdoublecomputeTravelDistance()–這個函數(shù)計算車輛可能行使的距離，計算公式為：gasTankSize*fuelConsumption(總油量*單位路程耗油量)2.2ClassLoadVehicle:(LoadVehicle類)Attributes(屬性)intnumberOfWheels–numberOfWheels屬性：車輛的車輪個數(shù)doubleloadCapacity–theloadweightthatthevehiclecancarry(inkg)doubleloadCapacity：車輛的負荷doubletowingCapacity–thetotalweightthatthevehiclecantow(inkg)doubletowingCapacity：車輛能夠拖曳的重量FunctionsR8.loadVehicle(char*type,intnumberOfWheels,doubleloadCapacity,doubletowingCapacity,doublegasTankSize,doublefuelConsumption).Aconstructorfortheclass.ThedefaultvaluesfornumberOfWheels,loadCapacityandtowingCapacityare6,500kgand5000kgrespectively.ThedefaultvaluesforgasTankSizeandfuelConsumptionare200and6respectively.Theconstructorwillinitializeallthefieldsoftheclassasrequired.Allothermembervariablesthatarenotinitializedshouldbesettothedefaultvaluesofthebaseclass(es),or,ifnodefaultvaluesexist,to0orNULL.這個類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)，各個屬性的默認值：loadCapacity的默認值：6,500kgtowingCapacity的默認值：5000kggasTankSize的默認值：200fuelConsumption的默認值：6其它沒有初始化的成員變量應該設置為基類的默認值一致，如果沒有默認值，則應置0或置空R9.setLoadData(doubletowingCapacity,doubleloadCapacity)設置負荷,拖曳量R10.printSpecifications()–printthespecificationofthevehicle(thevehiclespecificationfromthevehicleclass,thetowingcapacity,theloadcapacityandthenumberofwheels).打印出車輛的具體信息，包括從基類繼承的和它自身的。R11.doublecomputeTravelDistance–everypairofwheelsabovefourreducesthetraveldistanceby5%(travelDistance=gasTankSize*fuelConsumption*(100-(numberOfWheels-4)/2*5)/100).Forexample:ifthegasTankSizeif100litres,thefuelConsumptionis10km/landthereare10wheelsthenthetravelDistance=100*10*(100-(10-4)/2*5)/100=1000*85/100=850km.超過4個車輪，每增加兩個車輪，車輛可行使的車程以5%減少.例如：總油量為100公升，耗油量為10km/公升，該車車輛有10個車輪，它可行使的車程為：100*10*(100-(10-4)/2*5)/100=1000*85/100=850km.2.3ClasspassengerVehicle:(passengerVehicle類)AttributesintnumberOfPassengers–containsthenumberofpassengersthatthevehiclecanCarryintnumberOfPassengers屬性：車輛可搭乘的乘客的數(shù)量Functions(函數(shù))R12.passengerVehicle(char*type,intnumPassengers,doublegasTankSize,doublefuelConsumption)–ThedefaultvaluesfornumPassengersis5.ThedefaultvaluesforgasTankSizeandfuelConsumptionare100and11respectively.Theconstructorwillinitializeallthefieldsoftheclassasrequiredusingdefaultvaluesofbaseclasses.Allothervariablesthatarenotinitializedaresetto0orNULL.該類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)，成員變量的默認值：numPassengers的默認值：5gasTankSize的默認值：100fuelConsumption的默認值：11要用基類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)對要求有默認值的屬性進行初始化，沒其它沒有初始化的成員要置0或置空R13.setNumPassengers(intnumPassengers)設置可搭乘的乘客人數(shù)R14.printSpecifications()–printthespecificationofthevehicle(thevehiclespecificationfromthevehicleclass,andthenumberofpassengers).打印車輛的具體信息R15.computeTravelDistance()–超過5個人每多搭乘1個人行程將以2.5%減少例如：總油量為100公升，燃油量為10km/公升，有7個乘客,則可行使的路程為：100*10*(100-(7-5)*2.5)/100=1000*95/100=950km.2.4ClassemergencyVehicle(emergencyVehicle類)Attributes(屬性)intnumWorkers屬性：為每輛車分配的工作人員char*driver屬性：為車輛分配的駕駛員char*station屬性：車輛停靠的車站FunctionsR16.emergencyVehicle(char*type,char*driver,char*station,intnumPassengers,doublegasTankSize,doublefuelConsumption)–構(gòu)造函數(shù)，部分屬性平的默認值：fornumPassengers的默認值：5gasTankSize的默認值：100fuelConsumption的默認值：11wheels的默認值：6其它沒有給初始值的屬性要求置0或置空.R17.setAssignment(char*driver,char*station)設置分配(司機，?？空?R18.printSpecifications()–打印的車輛（車輛規(guī)范規(guī)格從車輛類，該loadvehcile，客運車輛和emergencyequipment類）。打印車輛的具體信息R19.computeTravelDistance()–行程是loadVehicle和passengerVehicle中較小的行程2.5ClassEmgergencyEquipmen(緊急設備類)Attributes（屬性）intsirenNoiseDistance–汽笛能夠被聽到的距離,默認為500mintnumBeds–能夠同時供給病人的床位，默認值為2FunctionsR20.emergencyEquipment(intsirenNoiseDistance,intnumBeds)–構(gòu)造函數(shù)給汽笛的可聽見距離，床位初始化R21.getBedsNum()–返回床位數(shù)R22.printSpecifications()–打印汽笛的可聽見距離，床位數(shù)2.6Containerclass(容器類)要求使用標準模板庫中的list容器，list容器要求能夠存儲指向?qū)ο蟮闹羔?，這樣所有不同類型的車輛能夠在同一個容器中(iterator-迭代器的使用)2.7Decisionclass(決策類)使用相應的迭代器對容器遍歷，使用dynamiccasting（運行時類型信息）進行不同類之間的類型轉(zhuǎn)型(如將指向不同派生類對象的基類指針轉(zhuǎn)為派生類對象指針)，能夠?qū)ο鄳煌惖某蓡T函數(shù)的調(diào)用，這個類由城市的議會用來做決定Attributes（屬性）list<Vehicle*>&vehicleList：各類車輛的指針Functions（方法）R23.decision(list<Vehicle*>&)–構(gòu)造函數(shù)：接收存儲各類車輛信息的容器R24.printVehiclesSpecifications-打印所有車輛的具體信息R25.printEmergencyVehicles()-單獨打印緊急車輛的緊急數(shù)據(jù)信息R26.intnumberLongDistanceEmergencyVehicles()–打印不用中途加油能夠行使800km以上的緊急車輛的數(shù)量R30.intnumBeds()-確定以防緊急事件這個城市能夠調(diào)遣的移動床位的數(shù)量R27.intnumPassengers()–確定以防緊急事件這個城市可轉(zhuǎn)移的乘客人數(shù).2.8Testing(測試)主函數(shù)要求能夠獲得供議會做決定的計算結(jié)果intmain(){list<Vehicle*>vehicleList;LoadVehicle*lv1=newLoadVehicle(…);vehicleList.push_back(lv1);…PassengerVehicle*pv1=newPassengeVehicle(…);vehicleList.push_back(pv1);….EmergencyVehicle*ev1=newEmergencyVehicle(…);vehicleList.push_back(ev1);….Decisiondecision(vehicleList);decision.printVehiclesSpecifications();decision.printEmergencyVehicles();decision.numberLongDistanceEmergencyVehicles();decision.numBeds();decision.numPassengers();deletelv1;deletepv1;deleteev1;…return0;}11.寫一個學生類，從person類繼承，增加的屬性為成績f和評語label（字符串）。person:name,age,print()

#include<iostream.h>

classperson

{

private:

char*name;

intage;

public:

person(char*name="",intage=0)

{

this->name=name;

this->age=age;

}

voidprint()

{

cout<<"姓名："<<name<<"

年齡："<<age;

}

~person(){cout<<"Persondestructor"<<endl;}

};

classstudent:publicperson

{

private:

doublef;

char*label;

public:

student(char*n="",inta=0,doubleb=0,char*c=""):person(n,a),f(b),label(c){}

voidprint()

{

person::print();

cout<<"

成績："<<f<<"

評語："<<label<<endl;

}

~student(){cout<<"Stuentdestructor"<<endl;}

};

voidmain()

{

persona1;

studentd1("張三",16,89.5,"優(yōu)秀");

a1=d1;

a1.print();

cout<<endl;

d1.person::print();

cout<<endl;

d1.print();

}

運行結(jié)果：

姓名：張三

年齡：16

姓名：張三

年齡：16

姓名：張三

年齡：16

成績：89.5

評語：優(yōu)秀

Stuentdestructor

Persondestructor

Pressanykeytocontinueexercise15

12.Person為基類：虛函數(shù)為dailywork()~Person()

定義三個子類：StudentDoctor(char*label)Driver(char*label)

主函數(shù)：定義基類指針數(shù)組，動態(tài)創(chuàng)立子類對象，調(diào)用成員函數(shù)，刪除創(chuàng)立的對象。

#include<iostream.h>

classPerson

{

public:

Person(char*name="",intage=0)

{

this->name=name;

this->age=age;

}

virtualvoiddailywork(){cout<<"姓名："<<name<<"

年齡："<<age;}

virtual~Person(){cout<<"ersondestructor"<<endl;}

private:

char*name;

intage;

};

classStudent:publicPerson

{

public:

Student(char*n="",inta=0,char*c="")erson(n,a),label(c){}

voiddailywork()

{

Person::dailywork();

cout<<"

學生";

cout<<"

評語："<<label<<endl;

}

~Student(){cout<<"Stuentdestructor"<<endl;}

private:

char*label;

};

classDoctor:publicPerson

{

public:

Doctor(char*n="",inta=0,char*c="")erson(n,a),label(c){}

voiddailywork()

{

Person::dailywork();

cout<<"

醫(yī)生";

cout<<"

評語："<<label<<endl;

}

~Doctor(){cout<<"Doctordestructor"<<endl;}

private:

char*label;

};

classDriver:publicPerson

{

public:

Driver(char*n="",inta=0,char*c="")erson(n,a),label(c){}

voiddailywork()

{

Person::dailywork();

cout<<"

司機";

cout<<"

評語："<<label<<endl;

}

~Driver(){cout<<"Driverdestructor"<<endl;}

private:

char*label;

};

voidmain()

{

Student*s=newStudent("張三",15,"好");

Doctor*d1=newDoctor("李四",45,"認真");

Driver*d2=newDriver("王五",35,"優(yōu)秀");

Person*array[3];

array[0]=s;

array[1]=d1;

array[2]=d2;

for(inti=0;i<3;i++)array[i]->dailywork();

deletearray[0];

deletearray[1];

deletearray[3];

}

運行結(jié)果：

姓名：張三

年齡：15

學生

評語：好

姓名：李四

年齡：45

醫(yī)生

評語：認真

姓名：王五

年齡：35

司機

評語：優(yōu)秀

Stuentdestructor

Persondestructor

Doctordestructor

Persondestructor

Driverdestructor

Persondestructor

Pressanykeytocontinueexercise16

13.修改類Figure，將Point對象指針作為屬性組合進來，對Figure的子類也做相應的修改。

#include<iostream.h>

classPoint

{

private:

doublex,y;

public:

Point(doublei,doublej):x(i),y(j){}

voidprint()const

{

cout<<"("<<x<<","<<y<<")";

}

~Point(){cout<<"Point析構(gòu)"<<endl;}

};

classFigure

{

private:

Point*str;

Pointcenter;

public:

Figure(doublei=0,doublej=0):center(i,j){}

Point&location()

{

str=¢er;

return*str;

}

voidmove(Pointp)

{

str=¢er;

str=&p;

draw();

}

virtualvoiddraw()=0;

virtualvoidrotate(double)=0;

virtual~Figure(){cout<<"Figure析構(gòu)"<<endl;}

};

classCircle:publicFigure

{

private:

doubleradius;

public:

Circle(doublei=0,doublej=0,doubler=0):Figure(i,j),radius(r){}

voiddraw()

{

cout<<"acirclewithcenter";

location().print();

cout<<"andradius"<<radius<<endl;

}

voidrotate(double){cout<<"noeffect"<<endl;}

~Circle(){cout<<"Circle析構(gòu)"<<endl;}

};

classSquare:publicFigure

{

private:

doubleside,angle;

public:

Square(doublei=0,doublej=0,doubler=0,doublea=0):Figure(i,j),side(r),angle(a){}

voiddraw()

{

cout<<"asquarewithcenter";

location().print();

cout<<"sidelength"<<side<<endl<<"TheanglebetweenonesideandtheX-axis

is"<<angle<<endl;

}

voidrotate(doublea)

{

angle+=a;

cout<<"TheanglebetweenonesideandtheX-axisis"<<angle<<endl;

}

voidvertices()

{

cout<<"Theverticesodthesquareare:"<<endl;

}

~Square(){cout<<"Square析構(gòu)"<<endl;}

};

voidmain()

{

Circlec(1,2,3);

Squares(4,5,6);

Figure*f=&c;

Figure&g=s;

f->draw();

f->move(Point(2,2));

g.draw();

g.rotate(1);

s.vertices();

}

運行結(jié)果：

acirclewithcenter(1,2)andradius3

acirclewithcenter(1,2)andradius3

Point析構(gòu)

Point析構(gòu)

asquarewithcenter(4,5)sidelength6

TheanglebetweenonesideandtheX-axisis0

TheanglebetweenonesideandtheX-axisis1

Theverticesodthesquareare:

Square析構(gòu)

Figure析構(gòu)

Point析構(gòu)

Circle析構(gòu)

Figure析構(gòu)

Point析構(gòu)

Pressanykeytocontinue/*在Complex類中實現(xiàn)：重載==，!=*/

answer：

#include<iostream.h>

classComplex

{

public:

Complex(inti=0){x=i;}

friendintoperator==(Complexc1,Complexc2);

friendintoperator!=(Complexc1,Complexc2);

voiddisplay();

private:

intx;

};

voidComplex::display()

{

cout<<x;

}

intoperator==(Complexc1,Complexc2)

{

if(c1.x==c2.x)

return1;

else

return0;

}

intoperator!=(Complexc1,Complexc2)

{

if(c1.x!=c2.x)

return1;

else

return0;

}

voidmain()

{

Complexc1(6),c2(8);

if(c1==c2)

{

c1.display();cout<<"isequalto";c2.display();

cout<<endl;

}

if(c1!=c2)

{

c1.display();cout<<"isn'tequalto";c2.display();

cout<<endl;

}

}

runresult：

6isn'tequalto8本帖最后由陶亮于-11-3016:31編輯

/*

1.實現(xiàn)一個字符串類String，功能包括：

1、BigThree:析構(gòu)函數(shù)（Destructor）復制構(gòu)造函數(shù)（copyconstructor）復制賦值運算符（copyassignmentoperator）

2、下標操作符重載

:只能作為類的成員函數(shù)，不能作為類的友元函數(shù)。

3、輸入輸出操作符重載

4、==操作符重載

5、+操作符重載

參考Vector類

*/

answer：

#include<iostream.h>

#include<string.h>

classString

{

public:

String(){str=NULL;}

String(intm):len(m)

{

str=newchar[len];

}

String(char*s)

{

str=newchar[strlen(s)+1];

strcpy(str,s);

len=strlen(s);

}

String&operator+(String&c);

friend

istream&operator>>(istream&is,String&c);

friend

ostream&operator<<(ostream&os,String&c);

friendintoperator==(String&c1,String&c2);

~String()

{

if(str!=NULL)

delete[]str;

}

char&operator[](intn)

{

staticcharch=0;

if(n>len-1)

{

cout<<"整數(shù)下標越界"<<endl;

returnch;

}

else

return*(str+n);

}

voidDisp()

{

cout<<str<<endl;

}

voidprint()

{

cout<<len;

}

private:

intlen;

char*str;

};

String&String::operator+(String&c)

{

len+=c.len;

return*this;

}

istream&operator>>(istream&is,String&c)

{

is>>c.len;

returnis;

}

ostream&operator<<(ostream&os,String&c)

{

c.print();

returnos;

}

intoperator==(String&c1,String&c2)

{

if(c1.len==c2.len)

return1;

else

return0;

}

voidmain()

{

Stringword("thisisac++program.");

word.Disp();

cout<<"位置0："<<word[0]<<endl;

cout<<"位置15："<<word[15]<<endl;

cout<<"位置25："<<word[25]<<endl;

word[0]='t';

word.Disp();

intf=10;

Stringword2(f);

for(inti=0;i<10;i++)

word2=word;

word2.Disp();

Strings1(8),s2(5);

cout<<"輸入兩個整數(shù)值";

cin>>s1;

cin>>s2;

cout<<"你輸入的兩個值分別為：";

cout<<s1<<endl;

cout<<s2<<endl;

if(s1==s2)

{

s1.print();

cout<<"isequalto";

s2.print();

cout<<endl;

}

(s1+s2).print();

}

runresult：

thisisac++program.

位置0：t

位置15：r

整數(shù)下標越界

位置25：

thisisac++program.

thisisa

輸入兩個整數(shù)值2

2

你輸入的兩個值分別為：2

2

2isequalto2

4Pressanykeytocontinue

1.在Complex類中實現(xiàn)：重載-=，*=，/=操作符。

answer：

#include<iostream.h>

classComplex

{

public:

Complex(){}

Complex(doubler,doublei)

{

real=r;

image=i;

}

Complexoperator-=(Complex&t);

Complexoperator*=(Complex&t);

Complexoperator/=(Complex&t);

Print();

private:

doublereal;

doubleimage;

};

ComplexComplex::operator-=(Complex&t)

{

real-=t.real;

image-=t.image;

return*this;

}

ComplexComplex::operator*=(Complex&t)

{

real*=t.real;

image*=t.image;

return*this;

}

ComplexComplex::operator/=(Complex&t)

{

real/=t.real;

image/=t.image;

return*this;

}

Complex::Print()

{

if(image<0)

cout<<real<<image<<"i"<<endl;

else

cout<<real<<"+"<<image<<"i"<<endl;

cout<<endl;

}

voidmain()

{

Complexc1(10.0,20.0),c2(5.0,4.0),c3(5.1,4.5);

c1-=c2;

c1.Print();

c2*=c3;

c2.Print();

c3/=c1;

c3.Print();

}

runresult：

5+16i

25.5+18i

1.02+0.28125i

Pressanykeytocontinue8.實現(xiàn)一個字符串類String，功能包括：

1。BigThree

2。下標操作符重載

3。輸入輸出操作符重載

4。==操作符重載

5。+操作符重載

參考Vector類

#include<iostream.h>

#include<string.h>

classMyString

{

public:

MyString(char*s)

{

str=newchar[strlen(s)+1];

strcpy(str,s);

len=strlen(s);

}

MyString(intm)

{

len=m;

str=newchar[len];

}

~MyString()

{

delete[]str;

}

char&operator[](intn)

{

staticcharch=0;

if(n>len-1)

{

cout<<"整數(shù)下標越界";

returnch;

}

elsereturn*(str+n);

}

friendostream&operator<<(ostream&out,MyString&a);

friendistream&operator>>(istream&in,MyString&x);

MyStringoperator+(MyString&x);

friendbooloperator==(MyString&a,MyString&b);

private:

intlen;

char*str;

};

istream&operator>>(istream&in,MyString&x)

{

in>>x.str;

returnin;

}

ostream&operator<<(ostream&out,MyString&a)

{

out<<a.len<<"\t"<<a.str;

returnout;

}

MyStringMyString:perator+(MyString&x)

{

intlen1=strlen(x.str);

len=len+len1;

char*str1;

str1=newchar[len+1];

strcpy(str1,this->str);

returnstrcat(str1,x.str);

deletestr1;

*str1=NULL;

}

booloperator==(MyString&a,MyString&b)

{

boolyes=true;

if(strlen(a.str)!=strlen(b.str)){yes=false;}

else

{

intindex=0;

ints=strlen(a.str);

while(index<s&&a[index]==b[index])

{

++index;

}

if(index<s)

{

yes=false;

}

}