從伊麗莎白一世的婚姻看現(xiàn)代愛(ài)情觀

從伊麗莎白一世的婚姻看現(xiàn)代愛(ài)情觀

Abstract

Inallages,loveisaneternalsubject.Theresearchonithasneverended.Asforthedefinitionoflove,everyonehashisunderstanding.Someonethinksitisahopeoninternalspirit,whileothersthinkitisbread,anaccessoryofmoneyorpower.Whatevertheircomprehensionsare,perfectloveisalwaysmoving.Manyclassicallovestoriesmakeacleardefinitionoflove:loveisasacrificeforeachother.However,itisjustendowedwithaperfectsense,howmanypeoplecouldachievethat?AfterreadingthelovestoryaboutElizabethⅠ,thisviewisstrengthened.ElizabethⅠrefusedtomarryherloverbecauseofpower,andusedthemarriageasachipofdiplomaticpolicy,therefore,sheisdestinedtobesingleforawholelife.Inmodernsociety,loveisdepreciating.Itisbecomingatooltogetfame,materialdesireandsexualdesire.Althoughloveisgreat,itisalsointheshadeinfrontofsomematerialthings.Inthisdog-eat-dogage,loveisjustatooltogetselfishdesire.

KeyWords

Love;marriage;diplomaticpolicy;interests

摘要

從古至今，愛(ài)情都是一個(gè)永恒的主題。人們對(duì)于它的研究，也從來(lái)沒(méi)有間斷過(guò)。對(duì)于愛(ài)情的定義，每個(gè)人都有不同的理解。有人認(rèn)為愛(ài)情是一種心靈的寄托，但也有人認(rèn)為它不過(guò)就是“面包”，是金錢，權(quán)力的附屬品。不管人們對(duì)它有著怎樣的理解，完美的愛(ài)情總是讓人感動(dòng)。許多至今流芳百世的愛(ài)情故事則為愛(ài)情下了一個(gè)比較明確的定義：愛(ài)情就是兩個(gè)人為了對(duì)方可以犧牲一切.不過(guò)這只是完美意義上的愛(ài)情，在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中又有多少人能做到呢？看過(guò)一些關(guān)于英國(guó)歷史上有名的女王伊麗莎白一世的愛(ài)情故事后，這種觀點(diǎn)更加得到證實(shí)。她為了避免別人分享她的王冠，拒絕與所愛(ài)的人結(jié)婚，并把自己的婚姻作為外交政策的誘餌，因此孤獨(dú)一生。在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，愛(ài)情正慢慢地貶值，正慢慢地成為一種人們獲取名利、物質(zhì)和性欲等一些東西的手段。愛(ài)情固然是偉大的，但是在一些實(shí)際的東西：金錢、名利等面前就遜色多了。在這個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的年代，愛(ài)情只是滿足自己私欲的手段。

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關(guān)鍵詞

愛(ài)情；婚姻；外交政策；利益

Introduction

Whatislove?Peoplefromgenerationtogenerationtrytheirbesttodefineit.Indictionary,loveisdefinedasfollows:love,noun.1.Astrongfeeling;strongrely;attractbasedonsex;personwhoisloved.Butpeopledonotwanttowastetimetolookitup.Loveisakindofstrongexperienceaboutlife.Thedefinitionofloveseemstobeanimperfectanddullone.Whatislove?Maybe100peoplehave100definitions.Infact,loveisakindofstrongexperienceaboutlife.Howmuchthepoweroflove?Itissaidthatthepowerofloveishuge.Itcanmakeapersonfromlivetodeath.However,thereisaloveinthehistorythatcanchangethedestinyofacountry.Whoseloveissopowerful?ItisEnglandqueen—ElizabethⅠ.Itisjustbecauseofhermarriagethathernationgot13peaceyearsbecamethenavyoverlord.Forherpeople,shewasagreatmonarch;forherself,shewasalonelywoman.Becauseinthenameoflove,shesacrificedherlovetogetpower.

I.Definitionoflove

A.DifferentDefinitionofLoveunderDifferentSituations

IntheIndianstoryGainTwoKingdoms,afamousprostitutesaidtoahermitwhichwasattractedbyher“l(fā)oveissomehappyexperienceofsenseoftouchbetweentwopeople.”O(jiān)fthetwopeople,oneisaman,theotherisawoman.Theyareveryinterestedineachotherthathavethesameexperience.Herdefinitionofloveincludescardinalhappiness,whichisverysuitableforhercareer.Peopleunderdifferentculturesandagesalsohavedifferentunderstandingaboutit.Insomeages,peoplebelievedthatlovecontainstheelementofsex;whileinsomeotherages,theythoughtlovewasanobleandnosexyexperience.TheheroinTheLoveAffairinCholeraDaysgotanansweraftersufferingfromthetortureofsided-love.“Justtakeloveasafavor,itisnotameasuretoreachanypurpose,butastartandendofamatter.Loveitselfisapurpose”.Sohisviewisthatloveisacircle.Itisagoalaboutitself;theprocessofloveisapurpose,anditreturnstoitselfatlast.Butwhatisperfectlove?Loveinthestorymeansamatterhappeningonceinpeople’slife.

Love’snotExistinginOurPresentSociety

Justlikefoodcanbeusedtoenticetheoneyoulove,itisalsousedtosymbolizelove.Themetaphoroflovenotonlydescribesthehappinessofsenseorgan,butalsotheessentialneedoflovers.ThestoryofanaboriginalAustraliaresidentnamedADexterousGirlWhoCanMakePrettyHandbags.AquietgirlLawandalovedahunterwhosenameisJodi.Whenherfamilywenttoaplacethatisveryfartoattendaceremony,shewasleftalone.WhenJodiknewthat,hewenttopickherup.Onthewaytoherhome,hehuntedsomebeastsasherpresent.Whenhesawher,shewasabouttosinkinafaintbecauseofhungerandmiss.Hegaveherfoodandwatchedhereatingthem,andthenhesaidhewantedtomarryher.Hetookhertoattendtheceremonywhereherfamilyhasbeenthere.Themetaphoricalmeaningofthestoryisthatifyouloveaperson,youmustofferthefoodforher;ifapersonoffersthefoodtoyou,youcanlovehim.So,lovecanbedescribedasatooltogetfood,aswellasotherthings.Ithadaprecedentthatloveisalsoatool.Inmodernsociety,thefunctionofloveisusedeverywhere.Wedonotmarryeachotherbecauseoflove,butmoney,powerandsoon.Butinhistory,therewasawomanwhodidnotmarryherloverbecauseofpower,whousedhermarriageasachiptowinaperiodofdevelopmentforhercountry.Whowasthemiserablewoman?Whosemarriagewassopowerful?ItisElizabethIwhosemarriageanddiplomaticpolicyhasbeenstudiedbyhistoriansuntilnow.

Ⅱ.ElizabethⅠ’sMarriageAffairs

A.TheGeneralIntroductionofElizabethⅠ

AfamoushistorianandcriticStrachey,LinBritainmadesuchacomment:

“herstoryhadbeenstudiedbypoliticiansuntilnow.Althoughhernamewasusedtocallthewholeagebythedescendants,herlovelifesufferedafatalhurtatthebeginning.”

AsagreatmonarchElizabethⅠestablishedBritain’soverlordaroundworld.Asafamousspinsterandanunmarriedmonarchintheworldhistory—ElizabethI,whoselovelifeisamisery,isaneternalsubjectinthewesternbiographicliterature.ElizabethIhavebeenfarofftheworldmorethan400years.Shewasbornin1533,diedin1603,wasinchargeofBritainfor45years.FortheendlessdominativehistoryoffeudalBritain,45yearsdisappearedinaflash.However,itisjustinthe45yearsthatthedestinyofBritainhaschangedthoroughly.Theformationof“onwhichthesunneversets”isfromthisdelicatewoman.

Theaccomplishmentsofthisqueensurprisedus.Insuchanagethatwomenwerediscriminated,howcouldshebeagreatestmonarchintheBritainhistory?Didshehaveanytalentorability?

B.TheGrowingupofElizabethⅠ

ElizabethIwasanorphan.Whenshewaslessthan3yearsold,hermotherwassentencedtodeath.Inthefollowingturbulentages,herdestinybegantoturnaroundthepolicyandmarriageofherfather.Fromtimetotime,shewasafavorite,atthattime,shewasthesuccessortothethrone;andthenshewasignored,sothatshewasadesertedbastard.Fromapictureofher14yearsold,wecanseethetraceofexperiencesleftonherbody—experiencingthepalaceoffiercefightingandappearingmoresophisticatedandstifftoherageuntimely.NobodycandenysheisthepersonwhowaskissedbyGod.Shewasproficientinlanguagesandversatile.Wecannotimaginethebrilliancebelongingtothegirlwholivedinanendlessterror.Inhertemperament,shedidnotavoidthejealousyandhesitationbelongingtoawoman.However,thesearejustaskimmingoverthesurfaceonthepartofElizabeth.AfterthedeclineofSpanisharmada;aftertheconceitedScotlandqueenbeingputonguillotine,afterherloverlosingherpardon,whodarestounderestimatetheirondecisivenessandwillhidingbehindherindecisiveveil.Justbecauseoftheinherited,combinedtemperamentwithmanandwoman,shecouldalwaysovercomeallthedangersandpullthemthrough.ThengrowinginthecircleofBritain,shewasinacomplicatedsituation.

Besidesthose,thegenerosityofElizabethwhichbenefitsBritainisacounteractiontoherbloodyfatherandsister.Itissuchthecounteractionthatproducedararepeacefulperiodandvariedcultures,andalsoproducedsuchmastersasShakespeare,Marlowe.Butitalsoruinedherhappinessasawoman—marriageistooterribleforher,thetragedymadebyherfatherwasashadowinherloveworld.Shestifledhermarriagebyherselfandsworenottomarryforallherlife.Herdecisionismuchfashionable.Becauseitwasatimethatdominatedbymen.Evenherpeopleagreedthattheywouldfeelrelievedifshedependedonaman.Aftersheascendedthrone,parliamentpleadedhertochooseahusband,wishingherleaveasuccessorforBritishroyalfamily.Howeverthequeendidnotgivethemanyresponse.Atlast,whenparliamentbeggedherwiththesamerequestagain,sheputonaringandsaid:“Ihavecontributedmyselftoahusband,hisnameisBritain.”Theintelligentqueentooktheweaknessoffemaleasachipinherpoliticalbalance.Sheassertedthatshewouldkeepvirginity,butatthesametime,shetookthistrumpcardoutwhenitisnecessary.AnAmericanhistorianWillDuransaidthemostsecretdiplomaticmethodsforElizabethareherunmarriedlife.Sheeversaid：“Ihatetheideaaboutmarriage,thereasonwouldnotberevealedeventoatwinsister.”Yes,sheabhorredmarriage.Becauseifshemarried,shehadtoshareherthronewithherhusband,soshedidnotwantittobeshared.Anotherreasonforitisthatsheexperiencedmoreinherearlyyears,shethoughtnothingcouldmakeherfeelsafeexceptpower.

Comparedwithanordinaryfamilylife,maybeshepreferredtoholdpowerinherhands.Forher,thronewaseverything,shecouldsacrificeeverythingtostrengthenherpower,includinghermarriage.Whileontheotherhand,shetreatedmarriageasachip.Sheputthecoverofmarriageinfrontofthecovetousmenacrosstheworld—Spain,France,thedependenciesofBritainandsoon.Allofthemcouldnotescapefromherdiplomaticnet.Justasherbodywasamysteriousaxis,thedestinyofthewholeEuropewasturningaroundit.Becauseofthesefactors,shewasonthelistofgreatestmonarchsinBritainhistoryatlast.

ElizabethIhadtheambitionaswellastheabilityofpolitics,diplomacyandmilitaryscience.Hercharacteristicwasputtingallherenergyandsoulintotheimperialaffairs.Herpersonallovewasfullofromanticsentimentanditexperiencedtheendlessstrugglebetweentheemotionandsenses,thealternativebetweenloveandworry.Butforthrone,shedidnotholdthehandsoflove,makingherloveflowerwitherfromdaytoday.Shemissedthechanceonloveaffairs,butdidnotmisstheopportunitysupportedbyhistory.

C.TheProposingAffairs

Hercareful,incredulousandcautiouspersonalitywasnotonlyexpressedinthepolitics,butalsoinhermarriage.Whensheconsideredhermarriage,sheputthepoliticalelementinthefirstplace.So,wecansayshewasararewoman.Wehaveheardalotofexamplesabouttheprincesses’opposingthepoliticalmarriage.ButElizabethItookthepoliticalinterestsasthechipofhermarriage.Atthattime,theEnglishministersalsohopedtheirqueenmarryquicklysothatasuccessorcouldbeborn.ButforElizabeth,howtochooseahusbandwasacomplicatedproblem.FromtheEuropeansituationatthattime,asBritainmonarch,whoevershemarriedto,italsomeansformingalliancewiththatcountry.JustasChurchillsaid,“Themarriageofmonarchcanbeapeacefullinkwithherneighbor,andalsoaguaranteetowinawar”.IntermsoftheEuropeansituation,avoidingthealliancewithanycountriesistheinterestsofBritain.SoElizabethhadtokeepthebalanceamongthebigcountries,weakenthetwobiggestcountriesbytheutilizationofcontradictions,andthensoughtforthedevelopmentofitself.

WhenElizabethcameintopower,thefirstpersonproposingtoherwasherbrother-in-law,theSpanishkingPhilipⅡ.Atthattime,PhilipwascontendingwithFrance.HetriedhisbesttokeepthealliancebetweenSpainandBritainthatformedintheMarytime.Soafterhisformerwifedied,hewantedtomarryElizabeth.ButbeingalignedwithSpaintofightFrancepubliclywasnotinaccordancewiththeinterestsofBritain.WhatBritainneededatthattimewassowingdissensionbetweenFranceandSpainandpromptingthemtofightwitheachother.SoBritainwouldbeawayfromthemanddevelopeditsstrength,especiallytheseapower.Whenthechancecame,itcoulddefendSpanandthenbecamethemaritimeoverlord.Elizabethusedhermarriageaffairtohelpthispolicy.Sherefusedthemarriagerespectablyinmannerofheroutstandingdiplomacy.ThenshefavoredthedependencyofSpainactively—NetherlandsRevolution,tostrikeandweakenSpain.TheseapowerofSpainwasthemostthreatforBritain,sothewarbetweenBritainandSpainwasinevitable.ButElizabethusedFrancetohamperSpainonpurposeandtriedherbesttopostponethewaruntilBritaingotenoughstrength.

WhenFrenchroyalfamilygotthenewsabouttherefusalofmarriagebyElizabeth,theyproposedtoheronebyone.Elizabethwasworththetitle—atrickydiplomatandshrewdruler.Asawoman,shelovedbeautyandwasgoodatdressing.Shewasalsoanattractivewomanintheball.Sheneededloveandwaseagertobringupchildren,butshepreferredthrone.Shewassocharacteristicthatshedidnotwanttosharethethronewithothers,letalonebeinginferiortoothers.Besidesthat,ifshemarriedaFrenchwhobelievedinCatholicism,shemustalienateBritainpeoplewhobelievedinProtestantisminevitably.SoshedidnotintendtobeconnectedwithFrancebymarriageatthebeginning.ButshewantedtoutilizeFrancetohamperSpain.Soshedidnotrefusethemarriagedirectly,butfeignedtheenthusiasmofbeinggladtotalkabouthermarriage.ShealwaysinvitedtheFrenchlittleprincetoBritainpalaceanddidherbesttoattracthim.ShewasplayingapoliticaltrickonPhilipⅡ.BecausewhatshedidwastobreakthepossibilityofthealliancebetweenFranceandSpain.

BecauseofthesuccessfulpolicyofthebalanceamongEuropeancountriespracticedbyElizabethI,Britainearnedapeacefulperiodfor30years.WhenSpanisharmadainvaded,thestrengthofBritainwasnotthesameasithadbeen.ItdefeatedSpanishArmadaandbecamethemaritimeoverlord.Thefactorsarevarious,butnotwithouttherelationwiththemarriageofElizabeth.

BesidesSpainandFrance,Switzerlandking,AustriaduckCharlieandScottishviscountalsoproposedamarriagetoElizabeth.Shetrickedthemlikejoininginthefunonoccasion.Amongthenoblesuitors,therearemanyhandsomemen,butfortheinterestsofnation,thequeendidnotmarrythematlast.Amongthefactors,politicsisoneofthem,theotherisherpersonallove.Actually,thequeenlovedaprettymannamedRobert.Theylovedeachotherformanyyears.Atlast,Robertrealizedalthoughthequeenshowedherloveinfrontofhim,herfirstlovewasthethrone.Shedidnotintendtomarryhim.Thenhemarriedanothergirl,makingthequeenlivealone.ThoughElizabethwasverysadandangrywithRobert,shedidnotintendtomarryhimatall.Shewantedtobeacompletequeen,soshewaswillingtobeacompletemaid.AfterRobert,sherecruitedmanyotherprettymenaroundher.Shestillwastedhertime,butyearselapsedfast,thequeenwasfromthemiddleagetodecliningyears,herlovemiserymadeherextremelydistrustfulandeccentric.Shedidnotcontactwithothersanymore.Shewasdispiritedandnotasenlightenedasbeforeonpolitics,butarbitraryanddogmatic.Thequeencametotheendinsolitudeatlast.Whenshecreptintodeath,thesincereloveinherinnerheartalwaysbrokeout.Shealwaysburstintotears;heruniquevictoryjusttookherintoadeepersolitudeanddestruction.Longlifebecameasuffering.Thenoblequeenwasdeprivedoftheonlythingthatwasworthowinginthisworld.Anditwasdeprivedanddesertedbyher,behindtheflourish,itwasjustdust.Whilethetrueloveinherinnerheartshouldbethesoulthatshewantedtoapproach.Shewasbecomingmoreandmorefeeble,andthenonMarch24th,1603Elizabethwasdeadasanoldmaid.ThenEnglishTudordynastyended.Forthethrone,sheabandonedlove,butafterherdeath,thethronedroppedonthesonofherpoliticalenemy.Thisresultmaybebeyondherimagining.Whatsheriskedherlifemaintainingbelongedtoothersatlast?Ifshepredictedthisresult,maybeshewouldchoosethelovebutnotthethrone.Iwonderwhethersheregretsaboutherchoicewhensheisdying.Butifshechoselovenotthethronebefore,maybethehistoryofBritainwouldchange.WecanconcludethelifeofElizabethIwiththisphrase“asamonarch,shewasverygreat;butasawoman,shewasaloser.”Forthisbehavior,Strachey,Lsaid:“MaybeitisjustthetragedyofElizabeth.Atfirst,shewasapolitician;thenshewasawoman.Herlovewaspenetratedwithsomuchimpuritythatshecouldnotbelingeringthoroughly.”

D.TheCommentonElizabethⅠ’sLoveandMarriage

IntermsoftheloveandmarriageofElizabethI,wecannotassertwhethershewasrightorwrong.Becauseshewasamonarch,notacommonperson.Herbehaviorandactionmustserveforandbesuitablefortheinterestsofhernation.TheHistoryTeachingmadeacommentlikethis:“Intheearlymoderntimes,theBritishqueenElizabeth’smarriagediplomaticpolicyhasitsuniquefeature.SheusedhermarriageasachipinthewholeEuropeancontinentespeciallybetweenFranceandSpain.ThispolicybenefitedEnglandtoagreatextent.Itrepresentednotonlythediplomaticfeatureofthesovereignstatesinmoderntimes,butalsostartedthebalanceddiplomaticpolicy.InElizabeth’stimes,amodeformedwhichaffectedBritishdiplomaticpolicyofmoderntimesdeeply,whichisabandoningtheideaofdominatingtheEuropeancontinent,realizingthedependenceandstabilityofBritainisland,developingnavy,pursuingthebalancedstrengthofEuropeancontinent,andextendingtooverseas.”Butasacommonwoman,sheemphasizedmoreonpowerthatsatisfiedher,butlovethatwasdesertedwillbenefitherwholelife.Inwesternworks,manygreatwritersalsodescribedthisphenomenon.Maupassantexposedthehypocrisyofbourgeoismoral,representingtheabnormalityofhumansenseanddisappearanceoftheexpectationofloveinthemoney-dominatedworld.Hesaysthattheempty,variousandshamefulworldisfullofcrook,prostitute,slutandinducer,thereisnotpureandloftylove.Inmodernsociety,thisphenomenonisbecomingacommonsenseformostpeople.Wecannotdenyitisformedbytherapiddevelopmentofeconomy.Peopleundertheeconomicsocietyarebecomingmoreandmorepractical.Theysensedthatenjoymentonmaterialismorepracticalthanspiritualsatisfaction.Undersuchidea,lovebecomesavictim.Atthenameoflove,alotofimmorallovehappened.

E.TheComparisonbetweenElizabethⅠ’sandClinton’sLove

NotonlyEnglishhistoryhassuchaparticularqueen,Americaalsohassuchapresidentwhosacrificedhisloveinordertosustainhisfameandreputation.PresidentClintonwasfamousforhissexscandal.Afterreadingabooknamedmylove,Igotsomedetailsaboutit.PresidentClintonfellinlovewithatraineeinwhitehouse,andthistraineenamedLewinskyalsolovedhim.So,theybegantheirlovesecretly.Butunluckily,theirlovewasexposedonpurposebyClinton’spoliticalenemy.TheyputClintonintothecourtattheexcuseofsexscandal.Sincethen,hisloverwasalsoputintothemoralandlegalcourtroom.ShewasdetainedbyFBIandaskedtoretellthedetailsabouttheprocessofmakinglove.Youcanimaginewhataheavyburdenitwasforayounggirl.Atthesametime,shewasdescribedasajezebelandherfamilywasmonitoredandattackedbyMedias.Notonlyshe,butherfamilywastrappedinanabyss.Theirtelephoneandactionweremonitored,andtheywereaskedtoanswerthequestionsatanytime.Whatabigtroubleforthisordinaryfamily!ButwhatdidPresidentClintondowhogavethefirstcalltoLewinsky?Herefusedtoadmitthelovebetweenthem.SoLewinskyandherfamilyhadtobeaskedbyFBIandMediasoverandover.Hemadehisloversufferthesemisfortunesbyherselfinordertoprotecthisfameandreputation.IntheautobiographyofLewinsky,shesaidthismatterwasstillanightmarewhensherecalledituntilnow.Shecannotforgetthatmandidnotstanduptoadmitalltheresponsibilities.Wedonothavetherighttocriticizetheirlove,becauseloveitselfisnotwrong.ButforLewinsky,shelovedagreatmanwhomsheshouldnotlove.Forayounggirl,anyonehasthechancetomakemistakes,sodoesher.Butasamaturemiddle-agedman,heknewtheresponsibility,butheflirtedheractively.Sohemustberesponsibleforthismatter.Butwhataselfishmanhewas!Inthenameoflove,hesatisfiedhiscarnaldesire.Whenhisfameandreputationwerethreatened,hesacrificedhislove.

ThoughtherearesomesimilaritiesbetweenElizabethⅠandClinton,Elizabethdidmuchcontributiontohernationevenherpurposeispower.WecannotputElizabethⅠandClintontogetherintermsofthecontributiontheymade,butfortheselfishbehavior,bothofthemshouldbecriticized.

Ⅲ.LoveintheModernSociety

A.ThePresentNotionofLove

Itissaidthatthereisnolovebetweenthestrongandtheweak.Becausetheweakcannotdeliberateonlovefromtheirprivateinterests,nomatterwhattheypursue,maybestability,moneyorfame.Becausetheyareinferiortotheirlovers,theycannotunderstandtheabilitythatisworthlovingonthepartofthestrong,anditisimpossibleforthestrongtoreducethembecauseoftheloveoftheweak.So,hisemotionisalwayswiththecolorofreducing,orthecharacteristicsofsomepsychologicalabnormalityanddespisingthemselves.Thesuitablesubjectofloveiswiththepersonwhohasthesamestatuswithyou.Becausetheessenceofloveisadoremutually.Inferiorthingscannotproduceanythingthatisgreaterthanthem.Intheliteratureworks,thetruelovewashardlysecular,asitcouldnotbeboughtbymoney.IntheShakespeare’sAntonyandCleopatra,CleopatrawantedtotestAntony,askinghim“ifitwaslove,tellmehowmuchitis?”Antonyreplied:“thelovemeasuredbymoneyislacking”.

B.ThePresentPhenomenonofLove

Inmodernsociety,loveisendowedwithmuchsecularity.Itisrelatedtomoneyandreputation.Theyoungmenwhowanttomarrywillfindapersonwhohasasuperiorcondition,includinghissalary,housing,job,evenhisparents’income.Onlywhenheissuitablefortheseconditions,theycanconsidermarryinghim.Asfortheotherconditions,suchasthecharacter,theydonotwanttothinkofit.Intheirminds,iftheyarenotsuitableforeachotheraftermarriage,itiseasytodivorce.Afterdivorce,theycangetagreatdealoffortune.Inanycase,theywouldnotsufferlosses.Therewasapieceofnewsinanewspaper:a28yearsoldyounggirlmarrieda82yearsoldman.Idon’tbelievethereislovebetweenthem.Evenifthereis,itistheloveforagrandfatheroragranddaughter.Itissaidthatintermsoflove,theheight,age,weightarenottheproblem.Ibelieveinitbecausemaybeonlymoneyisabigproblem.AfterreadingapassagenamedWithoutMoney,HowCouldILoveYou?Itisarealstory.Wecannotdenythatlovewithoutbreadcannotexist.Inthismaterialsociety,withoutmoney,wecandonothing.Soitisnotstrangetherearecrowdsofpeoplewhopursuedthematerialenjoyment.Actuallywhenwetalkaboutasuccessfulmarriage,wehadtoconsidertheirincome.Moneyisstillabaseofhappiness.Butwhetherweshouldreducetheweightofsecularthingsthatisendowedtolove?Whenwetalkaboutamarriage,whethershouldweputtheloveinthefirst,justasIwanttomarryhimbecauseIlovehim,notbecausehehasagoodcondition?Webecomemoreandmorecowardly,becausewedarenotloveapersonwhohasnothing.Wedarenotmarryapoorman,apaid-offmanbecausewecannotshakeoffthematerialdesire.JustlikeElizabethⅠ,shecannotmarryaman,becauseshelovethethronemorethananything,whileweloveourselvesthananyoneelse.

Conclusion

Theperfectloveregardlessofeverythingdoesn’texistnow.Whenwehearthataprettygirllovesapoorman,wewillthinkofherasafool.Withtheimprovemen