高考英語語法填空解題技巧講義課件

高考英語語法填空總論高考英語語法句法三大從句虛擬語氣特殊句式

倒裝、省略、強(qiáng)調(diào)、反義疑問其他

簡單句、并列句等詞法謂語動詞

10大時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致非謂語動詞

3大非謂語成分、時態(tài)語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞

虛擬用法、推測用法等其他

名詞、冠詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、代詞考察內(nèi)容(1)無提示詞：通?？?/p>

冠詞、介詞、代詞和連詞

等四類詞。一個空格只能填

一個單詞。(2)有提示詞（用括號中所給詞填空）：謂語動詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞等。

有提示詞解題

1，括號內(nèi)提供的是動詞謂語動詞

有提示詞與主語構(gòu)成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)1.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI_______(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.(07廣州一模)2.Hisfearoffailure________(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.(08深圳二模)3.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften________(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.(08廣東)

wastold

kept考查語法點(diǎn):謂語動詞的時態(tài)及語態(tài),及主謂一致考點(diǎn)分析results當(dāng)句中缺少謂語動詞時，括號中的動詞就是謂語動詞。此時要考慮__________、__________、__________、__________等四個方面?！敬_定時態(tài)的3條依據(jù)】(1)依據(jù)上下文時態(tài)一致。看上下文謂語動詞是什么時態(tài)(過去/現(xiàn)在/將來)，空格要填的動詞時態(tài)一般應(yīng)與上下文的時態(tài)一致。這是高考語法填空中確定時態(tài)的最重要的依據(jù)。但需注意：客觀事實(shí)或真理可能時態(tài)不一致；直接引語的時態(tài)會與引號外的時態(tài)不一致。(2)依據(jù)并列謂語動詞的時態(tài)一致。(3)依據(jù)時間狀語。如recently,sofar,uptonow,uptothepresent,inthepastfewyears常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用；bytheendof,since1980,forthreeyears常與完成時連用。解題技巧時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致非謂語動詞

有提示詞除謂語動詞以外的動詞形式1.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson[32]__________(receive)thegift.(17廣州一模)2.…IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft____________(complete)therest!(17廣二模)3.Mypupils,Donnie[40]__________(include),adoredher.(08深圳二模)4.Beforethewaitresscouldevenfinishdescribingthemenu,myfriendlookedatmewithhiseyebrows(眉毛)

(raise).(11廣州一模)

receiving

tocomplete

included考查語法點(diǎn):非謂語動詞及變形的使用考點(diǎn)分析raised當(dāng)句中已有謂語動詞，橫線前又沒有并列連詞與括號中的動詞并列時，所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。此時，就要根據(jù)非謂語動詞的用法確定用具體的某種形式(doing,done,todo)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

有提示詞介詞,冠詞,所有格后接名詞,形容詞修飾名詞,副詞修飾形容詞動詞或整個句子1.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid[36]__________(rude).(07深圳一模)2.AsfarasIamconcerned,my[37]____________(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishwithineasyreach.(16惠二模)3.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_______(nature)course.(16廣東)4.____________(doubt),althoughthereisstillroomforimprovementtothispolicy,Ithinkitisstillagoodonewhichbringsmoregoodthanharmtothestudentsandthenation.(16汕頭水平考試)

rudely

suggestion考查語法點(diǎn):各類詞性的正確使用及轉(zhuǎn)化考點(diǎn)分析naturalUndoubtedly2，括號內(nèi)提供的是形容詞或副詞Atlast，hercourageand________(wise)impressedboththeCEOandPrincetonUniversity.Oneofthe________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher...3，括號內(nèi)提供的是名詞單數(shù)名詞冠詞(a，an，the)、物主代詞(my，your，his等)、指示代詞(this，that等)、不定代詞(few，little，many，much，all，each，every，both，neither，other等)、名詞所有格或形容詞等對名詞進(jìn)行修飾。如果給出的名詞是在冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或形容詞之后，則應(yīng)考慮填名詞。但不要忘記，要考慮名詞是否變復(fù)數(shù)，是否用所有格形式等。Oneofmyfather’sfavorite________(say)asIwasgrowingupwas“Tryit！”當(dāng)括號內(nèi)提供的是名詞時，還可能考查形容詞。There，myvoicesoundsreally________(wonder)becausethere’saslightechotoit.有時也可能考查副詞、動詞等Acertainmanplantedaroseandwateredit________(faith)andbeforeitblossomed，heexaminedit.

當(dāng)空格處所需詞類與括號中所給詞的詞類不同時,就需要詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。這類題一般可根據(jù)以下5點(diǎn)順利解決：（1）作主語或賓語用_________形式。（2）在形容詞性物主代詞、冠詞(+形容詞)、不定代詞(some,any,alotof等)、介詞后還沒有名詞時，就用_________形式。（3）作定語、表語或補(bǔ)足語用__________形式。（4）作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞或另一副詞，或放在句首修飾全句，用_______。（5）當(dāng)所給詞的詞性與空格處所需詞的詞性相同時，無需改變詞性，而可能是只改變詞義但不改變詞性的前綴或后綴，也可能用其比較級或最高級。解題技巧名詞名詞形容詞副詞

在高考全國卷中出現(xiàn)的考綱詞的派生詞是不算生詞的，也不用漢語注明，因此，掌握基本的構(gòu)詞法知識非常重要。從近兩年全國卷的語法填空來看，詞類轉(zhuǎn)換僅考查了以下3點(diǎn)：(1)形容詞→副詞。(2)形容詞→名詞。(3)名詞→形容詞。無提示詞解題

一，冠詞1.Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey…Sothefarmerkilled____goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.2.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas____shy,nervousperfectionist(完美主義者).3.….theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto___smalltownsome20kilometersaway.4.Istillremembertaking____visitingfriendfromCanadatoalocalBlackCountrypubforlunch.下列情況很可能填不定冠詞：(1)________+可數(shù)n.(單數(shù))；(2)________+形容詞+可數(shù)n.(單數(shù))。下列情況下很可能填

：(1)_____(+形容詞)+n.+of等介詞短語

(表示特指)；(2)_____(+形容詞)+n.+定語從句(表示特指)；(3)_____(+形容詞)+n.+不定式短語或分詞短語

(表示特指)考點(diǎn)二：介詞(1)介詞+賓語（名詞）(2)不及物動詞+介詞+賓語1.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis________greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish…2.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback_________thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.3.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes_________sale.4.Hewasverytired_____________doingthisforawholeday…

of

at考查語法點(diǎn):介詞的基本用法及慣用搭配考點(diǎn)分析onfrom

無提示詞：注意固定搭配betiredfrom因…厭倦考點(diǎn)三：代詞(1)作主語用主格，作賓語用賓格,注意形容詞詞性和名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別。(2)指示代詞,不定代詞、反身代詞等考查語法點(diǎn):代詞的基本用法考點(diǎn)分析1.Sherememberedhowdifficult_________

wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.2.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinmyvillage,IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleIhadcaused_____.3.Ithasbeensaidbefore,butexperiencingitmyselfhasmade_____wanttosayitagain:asmile…itherme

無提示詞

無提示詞：代詞在句子中作主語或賓語時，通常填代詞，包括1.人稱代詞(I/me/you/he/him等)、2.指示代詞(it/this等)、3.不定代詞(something/anything等)、4.名詞性物主代詞(mine/yours/his/hers等)、5.疑問代詞(which/who等)、6.反身代詞(不能作主語)(myself/yourself等)在名詞前作定語就只能用形容詞性物主代詞(my/your/his/her等)?？键c(diǎn)四：連詞或從句引導(dǎo)詞兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)連接Historically,itwasfamousforindustry,whichexplains_______theareaiscalledtheBlackCountry.2.Itgotitsnameduringtheindustrialrevolution,_______factorypollutionturnedthelocalskiesblackandlocaldustfromtheminesmadethesoilthesamecolor.3.Janepausedinfrontofacounter(柜臺)______someattractivetieswereondisplay.4.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea_____hewouldpluckup(拔起)allofhiscropafewinches.

why

when考查語法點(diǎn):各類復(fù)合句中連詞,引導(dǎo)詞的用法考點(diǎn)分析wherethat

無提示詞如果兩個句子之間（兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)之間）沒有分號或者句號，也沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接或者引導(dǎo)，這時應(yīng)該考慮填并列連詞或者從屬連詞。并列句和復(fù)合句并列句：簡單句＋并列連詞＋簡單句復(fù)合句：主句＋從句（連接詞＋主＋謂）兩個或幾個簡單句之間若不用句號或分號，就必須要用連詞，否則，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整?？偨Y(jié)提升一．根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定詞性動詞名詞形容詞副詞冠詞介詞連詞代詞詞性一般有提示詞無提示詞總結(jié)提升二．根據(jù)上下文意義及語法，確定詞形冠詞定冠詞,不定冠詞并列句及復(fù)合句非謂語非謂語動詞todo,doing,done及變形謂語動詞的時態(tài)及語態(tài),及主謂一致連詞介詞介詞的常用用法及詞組搭配詞性變化詞匯,構(gòu)詞法謂語動詞代詞人稱代詞，物主代詞，不定代詞，指示代詞，反身代詞根據(jù)語義,確定詞形分析句子,確定詞性解題四步走提示：四步走歸根到底其實(shí)就是尋找依據(jù)．每一個語法填空的空格里所需的單詞或短語其實(shí)都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依據(jù)通讀全文,理解大意總結(jié)提升檢查搭配,前后連貫第一講倒裝和省略

倒裝全倒裝1,Herethere,now,then位于句首。

2,副詞短語中的副詞位于句首。3,介詞短語位于句首。

半倒裝1，否定半倒裝。2，Only+狀語，主句半倒裝。3，so…that半倒裝。4，if虛擬語氣半倒裝。特殊情況Althogh從句變as引導(dǎo)。省略肯定句考點(diǎn)1，so+主語+助動詞2，So+助動詞+主語否定句考點(diǎn)1，neither/nor+主語+助動詞2，neither/nor+助動詞+主語全倒裝Thebuscomeshere.Herecomesthebus.倒裝情況1，Heretherenowthen等位于句首，句子可以全倒裝。Johnopenedthedoor.There___(stand,girl)hehadneverseenbefore.<陜西卷>2，副詞短語中的副詞（常為goaway,rushout等固定搭配）位于句首，句子可以全倒裝。Awayfledthethief.=Thethieffledaway.<上海卷>Downcametherain.Upwenttheballoon.3，介詞短語（如Infrontof,with等）位于句首，句子可以完全倒裝。Atthefootofthemountain____AvillagelieB.liesavillageC.doesavillagelieD.lyingavillage一些例外主語是人稱代詞（hesheitthey）句子不能完全倒裝Hereyouare.Hereareyou(incorrect)Awaytheywent.Shestoodinfrontofthehouse.半倒裝Iwillneverforgetyou,dear!NeverwillIforgetyou,dear!1，否定半倒裝否定詞、詞組或者句型放在句首，整個句子要變成半倒裝。Littledoesshecare__(care)whatshelookslike,allshecaresaboutisherjobperformance.Howwastheteleviseddebatelastnight?Super!Rarelydidadebateattractsomuchmediaattention.上海卷2，only半倒裝Only位于句首，而且必須要加狀語才能用半倒裝。Only+狀語+主句半倒裝。Onlyifpeopleofallthecountriesareunited_canwesolve____(solve)theexistingproblemsintheworld.Sothat半倒裝____thatMaricwasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.陜西卷A.Sosuccessfulherbusinesswas虛擬半倒裝Werethesuntoriseinthewest,Iwouldmarryyou.Ifthesunweretoriseintheeast,Iwouldmarryyou.WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.特殊倒裝although變asAlthoughheisrich,Idon’tenvyhim.Richasheis,Idon’tenvyhim.省略的情況類型肯定句否定句表示贊同So+主語+助動詞Neither/nor+主語+助動詞表示類似So+助動詞+主語Neither/nor+助動詞+主語Tomlikesswimming.SodoI(表示類似)Sohedoes(表示贊同)Tomcan’taffordtobuyahouse.NeithercanI(表示類似)Neitherhecan(表示贊同)Idon’tknowaboutyou,butIamsickandtiredofthisweather.____(s0).Ican’tstandallthisrain.Notuntilhewentthroughrealhardship

thelovewehaveforourfamiliesisimportant.[福建卷]A.hadherealized B.didherealizeC.herealized D.hehadrealized5Atnotime

therulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.[還寧卷]A.theyactuallybroke B.dotheyactuaillybreakC.didtheyactuallybreak D.theyhadactuallybrokenAtthemeetingplaceoftheYangtzeRiverandtheJialingRiver____oneofthetenlargestcitiesinChina.[重慶卷]A.liesChongqing B.ChongqingliesC.doeslieChongqing D.doesChongqinglieForamomentnothinghappened.Then______allshoutingtogether.[福建卷]A.voiceshadcome B.camevoicesC.voiceswouldcome D.didvoicescomeNeverbefore______seenanybodywhocanplaytennisaswellasRobert.[江西卷]A.hadshe B.shehad C.hasshe D.shehas_________，hetalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass.[重慶卷]A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.BeaquietstudentashemayD.Quietashemaybeastudent

第二講強(qiáng)調(diào)句和反義疑問句一，強(qiáng)調(diào)句Itis/was….that(who,whom)Tomboughtabookyesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)主語ItwasTomthat/whoboughtabookyesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語ItwasabookthatTomboughtyesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語ItwasyesterdaythatTomboughtabook.ItwasinNewZealand_____ElizabethmetMr.Smith.全國卷強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句句式ItwasabookthatTomboughtyesterday.WasitabookthatTomboughtyesterday?高考原句Wasitbycuttingdownstaff___shesavedthefirm?強(qiáng)調(diào)句高考常考句型1，Itis/wasnotuntil…thatItwasnotuntilmidnightthattheyreachedthecampsite.重慶卷2，notuntil位于句首，且連接句子，用半倒裝，但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中不能用半倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Only也是如此。Not

until

the

child

fell

asleep

didthe

mother

leave

the

room.半倒裝It

was

not

until

the

child

fell

asleep

that

the

mother

left

the

room.強(qiáng)調(diào)句Do/does/did強(qiáng)調(diào)Idoloveyou!Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.Ididcallyoulastnightbutyouwerenotin.高考真題Itwas80yearsbeforeChristopherCblumbuscorssed

theAtlantic___ZhengsailedtoEastAfrica.[重慶卷]A.when B.that C.after D.sinceItisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo____benefitsourworkmost.[陜西卷]A.who B.which C.that D.whatItwasfromonlyafewsuppliesthatshehadboughtinthevillage____thehostesscookedsuchanicedinner.[安徽卷]A.where B.that C.when D.whichJohn’ssuccesshasnothingtodowithgoodluck.Itisyearsofhardwork____hasmadetiimwhatheistoday.[湖南卷]A.why B.when C.which D.that第三講并列連詞和主謂一致并列連詞1，并列關(guān)系2，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系3，選擇關(guān)系4，因果關(guān)系主謂一致就近一致當(dāng)主語為AorB,notAbutB,notonlyAbutalsoB,neitherAnorB等就遠(yuǎn)一致當(dāng)主語為A+besides/together/with/like/aswellas+B時特殊主謂一致1，常接單數(shù)形式的六大考點(diǎn)2，接單復(fù)數(shù)形式有區(qū)別的考點(diǎn)3，百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞等的考點(diǎn)4，定語從句主謂一致的考點(diǎn)5，以復(fù)數(shù)形式結(jié)尾名詞的考點(diǎn)6，集體名詞的考點(diǎn)類型?？疾⒘羞B詞并列關(guān)系A(chǔ)nd,aswellas,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系But,however,yet,whereas,not…but選擇關(guān)系Or,either…or因果關(guān)系So,thereforeYouhavetomoveoutoftheway,___Thetruck,cannotgetpastyou.全國卷Iwasgladtomeetjennyagain,_____Ididn‘twanttospendalldaywithher.全國卷Givemeachance,_______Iwillgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.主謂一致就近一致的原則AorBNotAbutBNotonlyA

butalsoBNeitherAnorBEitherAorBEitheryouorIamwrong.例句Thereisabookandsomepensonthedesk.Notonlyyoubutalsoheistoblame.高考原句NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneisthenationafteranother.全國卷就遠(yuǎn)一致ALike/aswellasBesides/but/Except

With/alongwith/TogetherwithB謂語動詞（與A一致）Ratherthan/InadditiontoIncluding/Asmuchas高考原句填空Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager___encouragedtoworkonlineathome.廣東卷Dr.smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,____goingtovisitBeijingthissummer.陜西卷高考經(jīng)典真題Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,______toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.A.WereinvitedB.wasinvitedC.HavebeeninvitedD.HasbeeninvitedOneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞Morethanone+單數(shù)名詞-One/-body/-thing

構(gòu)成的符合代詞單數(shù)Each/EveryA/noAandnoB/manyaAandmanyaBTodo/doing/主語從句

表示時間、金錢或者度量衡的名詞高考原句填空1,Didyougototheshowlastnight？Yeah,everyboyandgirlinthearea____invited.陜西卷2,Listeningtoloudmusicandrockconcert___(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagers.湖南卷3,Mostofwhathasbeensaidaboutsmith___alsotrueoftheJohnsons安徽卷主語單復(fù)數(shù)情況TheteacherandwriterisfromHunanprovince.TheteacherandthewriterarefromHunanprovince.Theyoungarefullofenergy.Thenewissuretoreplacetheold.百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞的考點(diǎn)Half,therest,分?jǐn)?shù)，百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞做主語，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要和of之后的名詞保持一致。Twofifthsofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass全國卷定語從句的主謂一致考點(diǎn)1，oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句，從句謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。2，the(only)oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句，從句謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。高考原句B