一朵開在冬天的花-剖析《霧都孤兒》中南希的雙重性格畢業(yè)論文

學(xué)科分類號(hào) 0502本科學(xué)生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）題目（中文）：一朵開在冬天的花—剖析《霧都孤兒》中南希的雙重性格（英文）：AFlowerBlossominginWinter —ExpoundingtheDoubleCharacterofNancyinOliverTwist畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）原創(chuàng)性聲明和使用授權(quán)說明原創(chuàng)性聲明本人鄭重承諾：所呈交的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） ，是我個(gè)人在指導(dǎo)教師的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的研究工作及取得的成果。 盡我所知，除文中特別加以標(biāo)注和致謝的地方外，不包含其他人或組織已經(jīng)發(fā)表或公布過的研究成果，也不包含我為獲得 及其它教育機(jī)構(gòu)的學(xué)位或?qū)W歷而使用過的材料。對(duì)本研究提供過幫助和做出過貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人或集體，均已在文中作了明確的說明并表示了謝意。作者 簽名： 日 期：指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 日 期：使用授權(quán)說明本人完全了解 大學(xué)關(guān)于收集、保存、使用畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的規(guī)定，即：按照學(xué)校要求提交畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的印刷本和電子版本；學(xué)校有權(quán)保存畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的印刷本和電子版，并提供目錄檢索與閱覽服務(wù)；學(xué)?？梢圆捎糜坝　⒖s印、數(shù)字化或其它復(fù)制手段保存論文；在不以贏利為目的前提下，學(xué)校可以公布論文的部分或全部內(nèi)容。作者簽名： 日 期：湖南科技學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）誠信聲明本人鄭重聲明：所呈交的本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） ，是本人在指導(dǎo)老師的指導(dǎo)下，獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究工作所取得的成果， 成果不存在知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)爭議，除文中已經(jīng)注明引用的內(nèi)容外， 本論文不含任何其他個(gè)人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過的作品成果。 對(duì)本文的研究做出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人和集體均已在文中以明確方式標(biāo)明。 本人完全意識(shí)到本聲明的法律結(jié)果由本人承擔(dān)。本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）作者簽名：二○○七 年五月一、湖南科技學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）開題報(bào)告書一朵開在冬天的花—剖 析《霧都孤兒》中南希的雙重性格論文（設(shè)計(jì)）題目 AFlowerBlossominginWinter—ExpoundingtheDoubleCharacterofNancyinOliverTwist作 者 姓 名

鐘玲

所屬系、專業(yè)、年級(jí)

外語

系 英語

專業(yè)

四 年級(jí)指導(dǎo)教師姓名、職稱 潘利鋒教授 預(yù)計(jì)字?jǐn)?shù) 5000-7000 開題日期 2006年12月10日選題的根據(jù)：1）說明本選題的理論、實(shí)際意義2）綜述國內(nèi)外有關(guān)本選題的研究動(dòng)態(tài)和自己的見解狄更斯是19世紀(jì)英國最偉大的小說家,批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的長篇小說《霧都孤兒》是其最杰出的作品之一

.通過解讀這篇小說中南希的形象

,可以感受到作者對(duì)人物內(nèi)心世界的細(xì)膩描寫

,以及在作出抉擇時(shí)復(fù)雜的內(nèi)心掙扎

,同時(shí)也可以了解社會(huì)環(huán)境和人性對(duì)小說中南希雙重性格形成所造成的影響

.狄更斯的作品《霧都孤兒》塑造了19世紀(jì)的社會(huì)形形色色的人物，反映了當(dāng)時(shí)倫敦下層社會(huì)黑暗的一面，而其中南希的形象更引人深思。如劉精香副教授的： 《霧都孤兒》中南希的形象剖析，從各方面對(duì)南希的性格進(jìn)行了全面的分析，指出南希善良的本性，但并沒剖析其性格復(fù)雜的原因。因此,本文希望通過對(duì)南希雙重性格的分析 ,能使人們更深刻的了解人物復(fù)雜的內(nèi)心活動(dòng)， 以及社會(huì)對(duì)人物命運(yùn)所造成的影響 .主要內(nèi)容：引言：南希這一人物形象，大多研究者執(zhí)否定態(tài)度。本文將對(duì)人物的雙重性格進(jìn)行分析，從行動(dòng)描寫、語言描寫、心理描寫等方面對(duì)南希的形象進(jìn)行解讀，肯定其為救奧利弗而犧牲自己的精神并對(duì)其雙重性格的原因進(jìn)行分析。本文主體分為五部分：第一部分：簡單介紹作者、作品的基本情況第二部分：南希雙重性格的表現(xiàn)二、 2.1對(duì)奧利弗的態(tài)度在各個(gè)階段不同的表現(xiàn)2.2對(duì)賽客斯的態(tài)度在各個(gè)階段不同的表現(xiàn)2.3對(duì)費(fèi)金的態(tài)度在各個(gè)階段不同的表現(xiàn)第三部分：南希雙重性格的成因3.1從社會(huì)環(huán)境（外部原因）3.2從人性本善（內(nèi)部原因）第四部分：南希雙重性格中無法玷污的美德4.1南希對(duì)罪惡的反抗4.2南希對(duì)奧利弗的愛第五部分：對(duì)本文進(jìn)行小結(jié)，肯定南希的美德研究方法：本文通過大量文本解讀、分析、歸納等方法，利用相關(guān)的理論知識(shí)就論點(diǎn)展開論述，并引申出自己的觀點(diǎn)。完成期限和采取的主要措施：完成期限：1）２００７年 4月20日前完成初稿2）２００７年 5月10日前完成定稿主要措施：1）在圖書館查閱、借閱各種相關(guān)書籍、學(xué)術(shù)期刊。2）通過于導(dǎo)師交流，加深了解作品。3）在網(wǎng)上搜索有用信息，經(jīng)自己綜合整理展開論證。4）仔細(xì)品味作品，形成自己觀點(diǎn)。主要參考資料：[1]CharlesDickens.OliverTwist[M].Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeaching&ResearchPress,1992.[2]CatherinePeters,CharlesDickens[M].Xi’an:Xi’anWorldPublishinCorporation,1998.[3]Daniel H.FrankandOliver Leaman.History ofJewishPhilosophy [M],London andNewYork:Routledge,1997.[4]JohnKichetti. TheColumbiaHistoryoftheBritishNove l[M].ForeignLanguageTeaching&ResearchPressColumbiaUniversityPress,2005.[5]鮑文.反抗與探索——十八、十九世紀(jì)英國孤兒小說人物性格論 [J]. 安徽：安徽教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)編輯部，1997.[6]胡曉華.《霧都孤兒》中的仁愛與暴虐 [J] 黑龍江：黑龍江農(nóng)墾師專學(xué)報(bào)編輯部， 2003.劉精香.《霧都孤兒》中南希的形象剖析[J].武漢：中南民族學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)編輯部，1999.[8]摩迪凱·開普蘭 .猶太教——一種文明 [M].黃福武、張力改譯，濟(jì)南：山東大學(xué)出版社， 2002.潘明元.《霧都孤兒》的旺盛生命力[J].四川：四川師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)編輯部，1996[10]錢青.英國19世紀(jì)文學(xué)史[M].外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，2001.[11]喬國強(qiáng).從《霧都孤兒》看狄更斯的反猶主義傾向[J].北京：外國文學(xué)研究出版社，2004.指導(dǎo)教師意見：簽 名： 年 月 日開題報(bào)告會(huì)紀(jì)要時(shí)間地點(diǎn)與姓名職務(wù)（職稱）姓名職務(wù)（職稱）姓名職務(wù)（職稱）會(huì)潘利鋒教授盤群講師人員彭長江教授陳碧園講師胡伶俐講師會(huì)議記錄摘要：會(huì)議主持人：記 錄 人：年 月 日指系導(dǎo)部小組意意見見負(fù)責(zé)人簽名：負(fù)責(zé)人簽名：年月日年月日二、湖南科技學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）評(píng)審表一朵開在冬天的花—剖析《霧都孤兒》中南希的雙重性格論文題目 AFlowerBlossominginWinter—ExpoundingtheDoubleCharacterofNancyinOliverTwist作者姓名指導(dǎo)教師姓名、職稱中文摘要關(guān)鍵詞3-5個(gè)）

鐘玲 所屬系、專業(yè)、年級(jí) 外國語言文學(xué)系英語專業(yè)2003年級(jí)潘利鋒教授 字 數(shù) 5000 定稿日期 2007年5月10日《霧都孤兒》是查爾斯·狄更斯第一部重要的反映社會(huì)問題的小說。雖為文中的一個(gè)次要人物，南希在小說的發(fā)展中卻有不可替代的作用。從賊窩里唯一的猶太女賊到最后為救奧利弗脫離虎口而命喪黃泉，其靈魂得到了升華，其雙重的性格特征也在文中表現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。本文通過對(duì)人物具體描述展示人性的復(fù)雜性和那個(gè)社會(huì)的真實(shí)面貌，以及人性和社會(huì)環(huán)境對(duì)南希雙重性格形成的影響。南希；雙重性格；人性；社會(huì)環(huán)境CharlesDickenswasthegreatestrepresentativeofEnglishcriticalrealist.OliverTwist英markstheverybeginningofDickensliterarylife.ItreflectsallkindsofsocialproblemsinVictorianperiod.Despiteasasecondarycharacter.Nancyisirreplaceableinthenovel’sdevelopment.文FrombeingtheonlyfemalethiefinthegangoftothedeathforescapingOliverfromabyss,ofmisery摘hersoulgetssublimationandherdoublecharacterdisplaysthoroughly.Byconcretecharacter’s要description,thispaperreflectsthetruthofthesociety,thecomplexityofhumannatureandtheirinfluencetoNancy’sdoublecharacter.關(guān)鍵詞Nancy;doublecharacter;humannature;socialenvironment（3-5個(gè)）指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)定成績評(píng)審評(píng)審要素評(píng)審內(nèi)涵基元目的明確選題符合專業(yè)培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)，體現(xiàn)學(xué)科、專業(yè)特點(diǎn)和教學(xué)計(jì)劃的基本要求，達(dá)到畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）綜合訓(xùn)練的符合要求選題目的。質(zhì)量理論意義或符合本學(xué)科的理論發(fā)展，有一定的學(xué)術(shù)意義；對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的應(yīng)用性研究中的某個(gè)理論或方法問題進(jìn)實(shí)際價(jià)值25%行研究，具有一定的實(shí)際價(jià)值。選題恰當(dāng)題目規(guī)模適當(dāng)，難易度適中；有一定的科學(xué)性。查閱文獻(xiàn)能獨(dú)立查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料，歸納總結(jié)本論文所涉及的資料能力有關(guān)研究狀況及成果。綜合運(yùn)用能運(yùn)用所學(xué)專業(yè)知識(shí)闡述問題；能對(duì)查閱的資料進(jìn)行整能力知識(shí)能力理和運(yùn)用；能對(duì)其科學(xué)論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證。研究方案的整體思路清晰；研究方案合理可行。水平設(shè)計(jì)能力40%研究方法和手能運(yùn)用本學(xué)科常規(guī)研究方法及相關(guān)研究手段（如計(jì)算機(jī)、實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器設(shè)備等）進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)、實(shí)踐并加工處理、總結(jié)信段的運(yùn)用能力息。外文應(yīng)用能閱讀、翻譯一定量的本專業(yè)外文資料、外文摘要和外能力文參考書目（特殊專業(yè)除外）體現(xiàn)一定的外語水平。文題相符較好地完成論文選題的目的要求。論文寫作水平論點(diǎn)鮮明；論據(jù)充分；條理清晰；語言流暢。質(zhì)量符合學(xué)術(shù)論文的基本要求。用語、格式、圖表、數(shù)據(jù)、量寫作規(guī)范35%和單位、各種資料引用規(guī)范化、符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。論文篇幅文科15000字左右，理科10000字左右。實(shí)評(píng)總分成績等級(jí)指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)審意見：

指導(dǎo)教師滿分實(shí)評(píng)分1010510105105515105指導(dǎo)教師簽名：說明：評(píng)定成績分為優(yōu)秀、良好、中等、及格、不及格五個(gè)等級(jí)，實(shí)評(píng)總分 90—100分記為優(yōu)秀，80—89分記為良好，70—79分記為中等，60—69分記為及格，60分以下記為不及格。評(píng)閱教師評(píng)定成績評(píng)審評(píng)審要素評(píng)審內(nèi)涵基元目的明確選題符合專業(yè)培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)，體現(xiàn)學(xué)科、專業(yè)特點(diǎn)和教學(xué)計(jì)劃的基本要求，達(dá)到畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）綜合訓(xùn)練的符合要求選題目的。質(zhì)量理論意義或符合本學(xué)科的理論發(fā)展，有一定的學(xué)術(shù)意義；對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的應(yīng)用性研究中的某個(gè)理論或方法問題進(jìn)實(shí)際價(jià)值25%行研究，具有一定的實(shí)際價(jià)值。選題恰當(dāng)題目規(guī)模適當(dāng)，難易度適中；有一定的科學(xué)性。查閱文獻(xiàn)能獨(dú)立查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料，歸納總結(jié)本論文所涉及的資料能力有關(guān)研究狀況及成果。綜合運(yùn)用能運(yùn)用所學(xué)專業(yè)知識(shí)闡述問題；能對(duì)查閱的資料進(jìn)行整能力知識(shí)能力理和運(yùn)用；能對(duì)其科學(xué)論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證。研究方案的整體思路清晰；研究方案合理可行。水平設(shè)計(jì)能力40%研究方法和能運(yùn)用本學(xué)科常規(guī)研究方法及相關(guān)研究手段（如計(jì)算機(jī)、手段的運(yùn)用實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器設(shè)備等）進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)、實(shí)踐并加工處理、總結(jié)信能力息。外文應(yīng)用能閱讀、翻譯一定量的本專業(yè)外文資料、外文摘要和外能力文參考書目（特殊專業(yè)除外）體現(xiàn)一定的外語水平。文題相符較好地完成論文選題的目的要求。論文寫作水平論點(diǎn)鮮明；論據(jù)充分；條理清晰；語言流暢。質(zhì)量符合學(xué)術(shù)論文的基本要求。用語、格式、圖表、數(shù)據(jù)、量寫作規(guī)范35%和單位、各種資料引用規(guī)范化、符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。論文篇幅文科15000字左右，理科10000字左右。實(shí)評(píng)總分成績等級(jí)評(píng)閱教師評(píng)審意見：

滿分1010510105105515105

評(píng)閱教師實(shí)評(píng)分評(píng)閱教師簽名：說明：評(píng)定成績分為優(yōu)秀、良好、中等、及格、不及格五個(gè)等級(jí)，實(shí)評(píng)總分90—100分記為優(yōu)秀，80—89分記為良好，70—79分記為中等，60—69分記為及格，60分以下記為不及格。三、湖南科技學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）答辯記錄表論文題目

AFlowerBlossominginWinter—ExpoundingtheDoubleCharacterofNancyinOliverTwist作者姓名 鐘玲 所屬系、專業(yè)、年級(jí) 外國語言文學(xué)系 英語專業(yè) 2003 年級(jí)指導(dǎo)教師潘利鋒教授姓名、職稱答辯會(huì)紀(jì)要時(shí)間2007年5月20日地點(diǎn)第二教學(xué)樓202答姓名職務(wù)（職稱）姓名職務(wù)（職稱）姓名職務(wù)（職稱）辯潘利鋒教授盤群講師小彭長江教授組成陳碧園講師員胡伶俐講師答辯中提出的主要問題及回答的簡要情況記錄：會(huì)議主持人：記 錄 人：年 月 日評(píng)語：答辯小組意見評(píng)定等級(jí)：負(fù)責(zé)人（簽名）： 年 月 日評(píng)語：系學(xué)位委員會(huì)意 論文（設(shè)計(jì)）最終評(píng)定等級(jí)：見 負(fù)責(zé)人（簽名）：

系部（公章）

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月 日評(píng)語：校學(xué)位委員會(huì)意見評(píng)定等級(jí)：負(fù)責(zé)人（簽名）： 年 月 日Contents. .Abstract..Introduction.11.Nancy’sDoubleCharacterActsinOliverTwist ... ..41.1TheAttitudetoOliverinDifferentTime.41.2TheAttitudetoFagininDifferentTime.61.3TheAttitudetoSikesinDifferentTime . ... ..92.TheReasonofNancy’sDoubleCharacter . .. 132.1SocialEnvironment’sInfluencetoNancy’sDoubleCharacter....132.2HumanNature’sInfluencetoHerDouble..Character173.Nancy’sIncorruptibilityofGoodnessinDoubleCharacter203.1Nancy’sResistancetoCrime203.2Nancy’sLovetoOliver22Conclusion . 25Notes .. 27Bibliography .. 28Acknowledgements摘要《霧都孤兒》是查爾斯·狄更斯第一部重要的反映社會(huì)問題的小說。雖為文中的一個(gè)次要人物，南希在小說的發(fā)展中卻有不可替代的作用。從賊窩里唯一的猶太女賊到最后為救奧利弗脫離虎口而命喪黃泉其，靈魂得到了升華，其雙重的性格特征也在文中表現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。本文通過對(duì)人物具體描述展示人性的復(fù)雜性和那個(gè)社會(huì)的真實(shí)面貌，以及人性和社會(huì)環(huán)境對(duì)南希雙重性格形成的影響。關(guān)鍵詞: 南希；雙重性格；人性；社會(huì)環(huán)境AbstractCharlesDickenswasthegreatestrepresentativeofEnglishcriticalrealist.OliverTwistmarkstheverybeginningofDickensliterarylife.ItreflectsallkindsofsocialproblemsinVictorianperiod.Despiteasasecondarycharacter,Nancyisirreplaceableinthe’novsdevelopment.FrombeingtheonlyfemalethiefinthegangoftothedeathforescapingOliverfromabyss,herofmiserysoulgetssublimationandherdoublecharacterdisplaysthoroughly.Byconcretecharacter’sdescription,thispaperreflectsthetruthofthe,societythecomplexityofhumannatureandtheirinfluencetoNancy’sdoublecharacter.Keywords:Nancy;doublecharacter;humannature;socialenvironmentIntroductionCharlesDickenswasthegreatestrepresentativeofEnglishcriticalrealist.OliverTwistmarkstheverybeginningofDickensliterarylife.Itdirectsatthenineteenth-centuryEnglishPoorLawswithabitterinvective.Asanunknownshorthandreporteroftwenty-one,withasingletalejustpublishedinamagazine,hereferredcasuallyto “myproposednovel ”inawaythatshowsitmustinconceptionandmaterialshaveresembledthis.Butsinceheknewpublication was “hazardous”writing, was deferredwhile heconcentratedhisforces(andusedsomeofitsmatter)onsketchesandshortstoriesforvariousnewspapersandperiodicals.“IhaveperhapsthebestsubjectIhaveeverthoughtof.IhavethrownmywholeheartandsoulintoOliver.[1](p2)”Thatitsgeneralpurposewasclearinhismindiseventfromhislatter-writtenpreface:“IwishedtoshowinlittleOliver,theprincipleofGoodsurvivingthrougheveryadversecircumstance,andtriumphingatlast,[2](p3)”ThecompanionsamongwhomhewastobetriedwerethecriminalsmiserableworldinLondon.ThebookwasknowntoDickensbycloseobservationandvariousexperience.InOliverTwist,DickensportraysallkindsofcharactersinLondon,especiallythosewholiveinunderworld,suchasOliverTwist,Fagin,BillSikes,theArtfulDogerandNancy.AmajorconcernofOliverTwististhequestionofwhetherornotabadenvironmentcanirrevocablypoisonsomeone’scharacterandsoul.Asthenovelprogresses,thecharacterwhobestillustratesthecontradictoryissuesbroughtupbythatquestionisNancy.Asachildofstreets,Nancyhasbeenathiefanddrinkstoexcess.Thenarrator’sreferencetoher“freeandagreeablemanners”thatsheisaprostitute.Sheisimmersedinthevicescondemnedbyhersociety,butshealsocommitsperhapsthemostnotableactinthenovelwhenshesacrificesherownlifeinordertoprotectOliver.Nancyhasa

inddoublecharacter,with “soulofgoodnessinthings.”Nancyofevil’smoralcomplexityisuniqueamongthemajorcharactersinOliverTwist.Thenovelisfullofcharacterswhoareallgoodandcanbarelycomprehendevil,suchasOliver,Rose,AndBrownlow,andcharacterswhoareallevilandbarelycomprehendgood,suchasFagin,Sikes,andMonks.OnlyNancycomprehendsandiscapableofbothgoodandevil.Herultimatechoicetodogoodatagreatpersonalcostisastrongargumentinfavoroftheincorruptibilityofbasicgoodness,nomatterhowmanyenvironmentalobstaclesitmayface.Sheisagoodgirl,thoughshegrowsupinaevilworld.TherearemanyresearchesonOliverTwist,thispoorlittleboy.ThispaperismainlyconcernedonNancy.Oliverdoesnotknowanythingofevil,andhespeaksstandardizedEnglish,thoughhegrowsupinadisguisedkindsociety.ComparingwithOliverTwist,Nancyistrue.Nancyisdifferent,andshecomprehendsvirtueandevil.Byconcretedescription,itreflectsthedarknessofthatsocietyandthecomplexityofhumannature.1Nancy’sDoubleCharacterActsinOliverTwistWhenOliverseesNancyatthefirstsight,heseesNancy“woreagooddealofhair,fullofcurl-papersin,notveryneatlyturnedupbehind;andwereratheruntidyabouttheshoesandstockings. ”Shewasnotpbutstoutandhearty.Thissampledescription,suggeststhatNancyisacommontypeofdegradation.NancyisayoungprostituteandoneofFagin’sformerchildpickpockets.SheisalsoBillSikes’slover.HertrusttocriminalassociatesandhersenseofmoraldecencycomeintoconflictwhenOliverisinahugedanger.Despitehercriminallifestylesheisamongthenoblestcharactersinthenovel.Ineffect,shegivesherlifeforOliverwhenrevealingMonk’splots.1.1TheAttitudetoOliverinDifferentTimeAfterOliverwasarrested,bybeingthoughttostealMr.Brownlow,FaginpersuadeNancytogotopolicestationtofindoutwhathappenedtohim.Nancydressesinniceclothing,andatthepolicestationshepretendstobeOliver’sdistraughtsister.ShelearnsthatthegentlemanfromwhomthehandkerchiefwasstolentookOliverhomewithhim.ThenNancykidnapsOliveronthewaytothebookstall,anddragsOliverthroughthedarkstreetsAfterclaimingOliver,shestrugglesfiercelyinnerheart.WhenshetalkstheaffairthattheprisonerwashungwithSikes,shesaidthesemenonthegallowsare “fineyoungchaps ”.Maybetheyare,iftheyarenotpoor,anddon’tmeetthebadmanlikeFagin.Olivercanfeelherhandtremblingandseesherfacehadturnedadeadlywhite.Inthemoment,Nancymaybeisthinkingherselfmayhavethesameendinginsomeday.WhenNancyshowssympathytothem,shealsofeelsverysadaboutherselffate.Butnow,justforherself,shehelpsthegangtokidnapahelplessboytothemiserableworld.Shefeelsveryuneasyinnerheart.ThiskindoffeelingiscontinuinguntiltheyclaimedOlivertoFagin’sden.WhenOlivercallsforhelpandflees,butSikesthreatenstosethisviciousdog,Bull ’s–eye,onhim.NancyleapstoOliver ’sayingthattheyhaveruinedallhisgoodprospects.ShehasworkedforFaginsinceshewasasmallchild,andsheknowsthatalifeofdisreputeliesinwaitforOliver.OliverhasbeenshotintherobberytoMaylie.FaginrelatesOliver’smisfortunetoNancy.ShecriesthatshehopesOliverisdead,becauseshebelievesthatlivingwithFaginisworsethandeath.NancyeavesdropsthetalkbetweenFaginandMonks,andshebecomesperturbed.MonkswantsOlivertobemadeintoahardenedthief,andheschemestogiveOliverabadreputation,sothathecanclaimtheirfamily’sfullinheritance.Withthedevelopmentofthenovel,Nancyplaysa moreimportantcharacterthanbefore.AftersheknowsthesecretconversationbetweenFaginandMonks,sherunsintoapredicament.NowshebecomesthekeypersonofOliver’sfate.Tellingorhidingthetruth,itwilldecideOliver’sliveordeath.Butthepeoplearoundheraresoconspicuousandferocious.Anyagitationwillmakeherplanfailevenherdeath.AfterherdecisionofwavingOliver,shealsomakesherselfstandinginamoredangeroussituation.Sikesdoesnotnoticenervousnessuntilafewdayslater.Sensingsomethingunusual,hedemandsthatshesitbyhim.Eventually,Sikesfallsasleepafterthelaudanumhastakeneffect.Shehastenstoahotelinawealthyarea,shebegstheservantstoallowhertospeaktoMissMaylie,whoisstayingthere.Disapprovingly,theyconductherupstairs.NancyconfessestoRosethatsheistheonewhokidnappedOliveronhiserrandtoMr.Brownlow.SherelatesthatoverheardMonkstellFaginthatheisOliver’sbrother.WhenNancyrealizesthatOliverisinadangerousenvironment,shehopesthatMissMayliecouldhelphimescapingfromdanger.NancyrefusesRose’helpandleaves.1.2TheAttitudetoFagininDifferentTimeNancyisoneofFagin’sformerpickpocket.InthecourseofsearchingOliver,Nancyisselectedtodotheplan.FromthiswecanseeFagintrustsNancyandbelievesshecandoitwell.Astheirexpectation,Nancyfinishesthetaskperfectly.ButwhensheseesSikesandFaginseizingandmistreatingOliver.ShetriesherbesttoprotectOliver,whichdemonstratesherdeepandpassionatesenseofmorality.Thisalsoremindshermiserablechildhood.ItisthefirstcrushwithFagininthenovel.Shecries,“IthievedforyouwhenIwasachildnothalfasoldasthis!”pointingtoOliver,“Ihavebeeninthesametrade,andinthesameservicefortwelveyearsitismyliving,andthecold,wet,dirtystreetsaremyhome;andsince.”“you’rethewretchthatdrovemetothemlongago;andthat ’llkeepmethere,day[3](p98)andnight,dayandnight,tillIdie! ”Thisisanindictmentofbloodandtear.Fromthesewordswecanimagineamiserablechildhood.Oliverisonlyabouttenyearsold,andNancyisoppressedtobeathiefnomorethatfiveyearsoldandhasdonethisfortwelveyears.IfshedoesnotobeyFagin’sorder,shewillbemaltreatedasOliver.ComparedwithOliver,shehasamoremiserablechildhood.Itisimaginablethathowmanynightmareshappenonthisgirl’slife.FaginissoconspicuouspersonthathecannottrustNancycompletelyaftershesavedOliverfromtheclobber.IntheirplotofrobbingMaylie’shouse,Sikesneedsasmallboyforthejob.FaginoffersOliver’sservicesandarrangesNancytodeliverOlivertohishouse.FaginwatchesNancyforanysignsofhesitation.DespiteherearlierprotestsagainsttrappingOliverinalifeofcrime,shebetraysnofurthermisgivings.Afterhisobservation,hemutteredtohimself,“Theworstofthesewomenis,thataverylittlethingservestocallupsome[4](p125)long–forgottenfeeling,andthebestofthemis,thatisneverlasts.”Fromhere,wecanseeFaginbeginstotrustNancyagain.HebelievesNancysavingOliverlasttimejustwasoutburst.Itdoesnotlastforalongtime.BillSikesisillwithafeverandverypoornow.Faginandhisfriendspretendstodropin.Infact,hejusthasnewtask.BecauseheknowSikesiswillingtodothingforlivingatagreaterrisk,insuchahardtime,“Ihaveneverforgotyou,Bill,neveronce!”Faginsaid.“No,I’llpounditthatyouhan’t,”repliedSikes,“Youareschemingandplottingaway,everyhourthatI’velaidshiveringandburninghere;andBillwastodothis;andBillwastodothat,andBillwastodoitall,dirt[5](p120)cheap,assoonashegotwell;andwasquitepoorenoughforyourwork.”SikesunderstandstheyhavenotanyvalueinFagin’seyes.Sikes,NancyandotherchildrenwhoservicesforFagin,iftheycannotdothingsforhim,theyarenothingtohim.TheyareonlytoolsservingforFagin.WhenNancyisabouttogetmoneyfromFagin,shecomesacrossMonks.Nancyfollowsthemandoverhearstheirconversation.FaginnoticethatNancy’sfaceissopale.NancypretendstobealarmedandFagindoesnotaskanymoreaboutthis.MaybeFaginbegintodistrustwhatthegirlsays,becausehetakessomuchnoticeonherfromthenon.Onthenight,NancytriestoleaveforLondonBridge.FaginisvisitingSikes,BothFaginandSikesnoticeNancyisveryuneasy.WhenFagindeparts,heasksthatNancyconducthimdownstairs.HewhisperstoherhewillhelpherleavethebruteSikesifshewants.HehopestopersuadetomurderSikesandbringhernewloveintohisgang.Faginalwaysmakeeverychancetoknowothers’information.Therebyhecansolidifyhiscontroloverher.FaginsendsNoahtowatchNancyandknowsthedetailsofhermeetingwithRoseandMr.Brownlow.FaginandNoahrelatethedetailsofNancy’strip.FaginpurposelydoesnottellSikesthatNancyinsistedthatherassociatesnotgetintotrouble.Inarage,SikesrusheshomeandbeatsNancytodeathwhileshebegsformercy.1.3TheAttitudetoSikesinDifferentTimeWhenNancyandSikesdragOlivertoFagin’sden,theyseesomepeoplearehungongallows.NancysaystoSikes,“Iwouldn’thurryby,ifitwasyouthatwascomingouttobehung,thenexttimeeighto’clockstruck,Bill, I’dwalkroundandroundtheplacetillIdropped,ifthesnowwasontheground,andIhadn’tashawltocoverme,”“Andwhatgoodwouldthatdo?”inquiredtheunsentimentalMr.Sikes.[6](P96)ItisNancy’sloyaltytoSikes,butSikesdoesnotcareaboutitatall.WhenSikesfallsillwithafever,Nancystilltakesgoodcareofhimdespitehisirritablemanner.“Sucha number of night ,”said the girl with a touch of woman’stenderness,whichcommunicatedsomethinglikesweetnessoftone,eventohervoice;’suchanumberofnightsas I’vebeenpatientwithyou,nursingandcaringforyou,asifyouhadbeenachild”[7](P245)Itisawoman’sloveexpressiontoaman,althoughthemanissuchaviciousperson.Inherpitifullife,shecannotfindanyothercomfortbesidesgivingherbrokenhearttoamanandbeingloyaltohim.Asawoman,loveishighestspiritualsupport.WhereNancylivesdetermineswholoves.Inherworldshehasnotchoicebesidesbeingloyaltoamaninherway.Inother’seyes,itisunreasonable.InthemeetingwithRose,NancyrefusesRose’shelpherescapeherfromhercriminallife.RosecannotunderstandandasksNancy,.“.Whatfascinationisthatcantakeyouback,andmakeyouclingtowickednessandmisery?”Thegirlreplied, “setourrottenheartsonanyman,andlethimfilltheplacethathasbeenablankthroughallourwretchedlives,whocanhopetocureus?Pityus,lady-pityusforhavingonlyonefeelingofthewomanleftandhavingthatturned,byaheavyjudgment,fromacomfortandaprideintoanewmeansofviolenceandsuffering. ”[8](P259)SikesandNancy,thefirstletteroftheirnameare‘S’and‘N’,theystandforthetwopolesoftheearth,implyingtwodifferentcharacters,buttheycannotlivewithouteachother.NancyrefusesMr.BrownlowandRose’shelp,butshesaysthatsheischainedtohercriminallife.Nancyiscompassionateandintelligent,WhileSikesisabrutalprofessionalburglarbroughtupinFagin’sgang.HetreatsNancywithanoddcombinationofcrueltyandgrudgingfamiliarity.HismurderofNancyisthemostheinousofmanycrimethatoccurinthenovel.AftermurderingNancy,SikesfleesLondon,onlytofindthathisconsciencewillnotlethimescape.TheentireaccountofSikes’sflightisalsoamongthemostpsychologicallysophisticatedpassagesinthenovel.Upuntilthispoint,Sikeshasbeenapurevillain.Inhisguilt,however,hebecomesrealisticallyhuman.Pursuedbyhisguiltyconscienceandanangrymob,heinadvertentlyhangshimselfwhiletryingtoescape.Nancy’sloveforSikesexemplifiesthemoralambiguityofhercharacter.AssheherselfpointsouttoRose,devotiontoamancanbe“acomfortandapride“undertherightcircumstancesButforNancy,suchdevotionis“anewmeansofviolenceandsuffering”-indeed,herrelationshipwithSikesleadshertocriminalactsforhissakeandeventuallytoherowndemise.Thesamebehavior,indifferentcircumstances,canhaveverydifferentconsequencesandmoralsignificance.InmuchofOliverTwist,moralityandnobilityareblack-and-whiteissues,butNancy’scharactersuggeststhattheboundarybetweenvirtueandviceisnotalwaysclearlydrawn.2TheReasonofNancy’sDoubleCharacterEnglandinthe1830swasrapidlyundergoingatransformationfromanagricultural,ruraleconomytoanurban,industrialnation.IntheextremelystratifiedEnglishclassstructure,thehighestsocialclassbelongedtothe“gentleman,”anaristocratwhodidnothavetoworkforhisliving.Thegrowingmiddleclasshadachievedaneconomicinfluenceequalto,ifnotgreaterthan,thatoftheBritisharistocracy.Manymembersofthemiddleclasswereanxioustobedifferentiatedfromthelowerclasses,andonewaytodosowastostigmatizethelowerclassaslazygood-for–nothings.VictoriansocietyinterpretedeconomicsuccessasasignthatGodfavoredthehonest,moralvirtueofsuccessfulindividual’seffortsand,thus,interpretedtheconditionofpovertyasasignoftheweaknessofthepoorindividual.Thepoorwerenaturallydestinedforlivesofdegradationanddesperation.Livinginsuchasociety,althoughNancyhopessomedifferencewillhappenonher,thesocietyishardtomakeherdreamcometrue.2.1SocialEnvironment’sInfluencetoNancy’sDoubleCharacterNancyhasbecomeachildpickpocketfromaveryyoungage.Itishardtoknowherbirthbackgroundfromthenovel.ShemaybealovechildasOliver.Whatmakeshertoseek“help”fromFagin?WhenOliverseesFagin’sact,hefeelsitisveryinteresting.InayoungeragethanOliver,Nancycan’trecognizewhatisvirtueorevil.BothofthemaresubjectedtothepaternalauthorityofFaginandaredependentuponhimfortheirfoodandshelter.Whilesuchafamilyprovidescompanionshipandameansforsurvival,itisnotultimatelynurturingormorallyhealthy.AlthoughafterwritingOliverTwist,Dickensdeniedthatanti-semitismhadinfluencedhisportraitofFagin,theJewishthief’scharacterizationdoesseemtoowemuchtoethnicstereotypes.Heisugly,simpering,miserlyandavaricious.Constantreferencestohimas“theJew”seemtoindicatethathisnegativetraitsareintimatelyconnectedtohisethnicidentity.However,Faginismorethanastatementofethnicprejudice.Heisarichlydrawn,resonantembodimentofterrifyingvillainy.Attimes,heseemslikeachild’sdistortedvisionofpureevil.Heissuchaconnivingcareercriminal,whotakesinhomelesschildrenandtrainsthemtopickpocketsforhim.Heisalsoabuyerofotherpeople’sstolengoods.Herarelycommitscrimeshimselfpreferringtoemployotherstocommitthemandoftensufferlegalretribution–inhisplace.AlthoughFaginclaimstobeinpartnershipwithhisassociatesprotectingtheminexchangefortheirloyalty,intheend,Faginmanipulateshisassociates,sothathisownself-interestisbetterserved.Hewatchesthepeoplearoundhimwithspecialcareandtranslateshisinformationintopower.AprimeexampleofthisstrategyishishopetouseNancy’spossiblelovetocontrolherthroughblackmail.Evenmore,afterheknowsthemeeting,herevealsNancy’sbetrayaltoSikes.ButFaginpurposelydoesnottellSikesthatNancyinsistedthatherassociatesnotgetintotrouble.HedescribesheractioninsuchawayastoinspireSikes’smurderousrageHavingNancykilledisatleastasbeneficialtoFaginastoSikes,butFaginisunwillingtomakeariskofdoingthedeedhimself.InsteadheuseshisknowledgeaboutofNancyandaboutSikescharactertomanipulateSikesintocommittingthehorriblecrime.Nancyregretsherlifeofvice,butsherefusesRose’soffertohelpherchangeit.Nancy’sloveforSikesismorecrucialtoherdecisiontoreturntoheroldlifethananybeliefthatshehasstrayedtoofarfromthepathofmoralgoodness.ThedifferentlightinwhichsocietytreatsNancy’sandRose’sromanticattachmentsrevealstheextentofitsprejudicesagainstthepoor,itisconsideredavirtuewhenRoseisunconditionallyfaithfultoarespectableyoungmanlikeHarryMaylie.YetwhenNancydisplaysthesamefidelitytoadreadfulfellowlikeSikes,itbecomes“anewmeansofviolenceandsuffering.”Thiscontrastdemonstratesthatsocioeconomicstatushasthepowertocolorallaspectsofanindividual’slife,eventheprivateemotionsofloveandsentiment.InOliverTwist,thereisarelationshipbetweenclothingandidentity.WhenNancytriestogetinformationfrompolicestation,shedisguisesherself.ThewearsrevealskeydifferencesbetweenthemiddleandlowerclassesinVictoriansociety.Becauseshedisguisesherselfasamiddleclasswoman,thelegalsystem,intheformofthepolicestation,recognizesherasanindividualworthhearing.Intheattireofmiddleclass,shegainsbothsocialvoiceandsocialvisibility.Shebecomesanindividualratherthanamemberofthepennilessmob.Inthelaterchapter,whenNancyknowstheplotsbetweenMonksandFagin,shewantstogotothehotelwhereMissMaylielives.Shewearspauper’sclothing,nobodyiswillingtohelphertosendmessage.JustasNancyassumesamiddle-classidentitybychangingherclothing,Olivershedshisidentityasapickpocketorphanwhenheleavesbehindhispauper’scloths.OliverandNancybothgainavoicethemomenttheyshedtheirpauperclothinglikeNancyandOliver,Bumblelearnsoftheinfluencethatclothingexercisesuponidentity.Thepoweranddignityofprivilegedrolesarenotqualitiesinherenti