高考英語語法學(xué)習(xí)之名詞性從句及高考英語書面表達(dá)熱點(diǎn)

高考英語語法學(xué)習(xí)之名詞性從句及高考英語書面表達(dá)熱點(diǎn)高考英語書面表達(dá)在一些地區(qū)卷中比較注重關(guān)注熱點(diǎn)，今年應(yīng)該說環(huán)保（霧霾低碳生活等仍然是關(guān)注的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)），下面總結(jié)基本表達(dá)方式，舉一些書面表達(dá)環(huán)保類例子，僅供考生參考，歡迎大家閱讀！高考英語書面表達(dá)熱點(diǎn)：環(huán)境保護(hù)低碳生活環(huán)境問題的提出：.全球的關(guān)注globalconcerngetfrombadtoworse/.越來越糟getworseandworse/getfrombadtoworse/.環(huán)境的破壞thedestructionofourenvironment4.改善環(huán)境刻不容緩getmoreandmoreserious{C}{C}?{C}1.Nowmoreandmorepeoplehavecometorealizehowseriousthisproblemis.{C}{C}?{C}2.Lawshavebeenpassedtoprotectourenvironment.{C}{C}?{C}3.Alargequantityoftreesshouldbeplanted.{C}{C}?{C}4.Itisglorioustotakecareoftheenvironmentswhileitisshamefultopollutethem.{C}{C}?{C}5.Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoyfreshairandliveahealthylife.{C}{C}?{C}6.Toprotectourselves,wemustkeepthebalanceofnature.{C}{C}?{C}7.Weshouldtakegoodcareoftheforestandplantmoretreesinsteadofcuttingdownsoastoimproveourlivingconditions.{C}{C}?{C}8.Tocherishtheenvironmentistoloveourselves.{C}{C}?{C}愛護(hù)環(huán)境就是愛護(hù)我們自己{C}{C}?{C}9.Imakeanurgentappealthatmeasuresshouldbetakentocopewiththesituation{C}{C}?{C}我急切呼吁應(yīng)該采取措施改變現(xiàn)狀Fortunatelypeoplearerealizingtheimportanceofprotectingfarmlandandthegovernmenthastakenmeasurestostoptheillegaluseoffarmland.Inmyopinion,itsourdutytoprotectourfarmlandaswellasourobligationtobenefittheyoungergenerations.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Bestwishes.YoursWuming新課標(biāo)高考英語語法名詞性從句用法點(diǎn)撥高考英語語法學(xué)習(xí)之名詞性從句學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)：.名詞性從句的定義:在句子中起到 作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于 ，它在復(fù)合句中能夠擔(dān)任 、、、 滓，因此根據(jù)它在句子中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分為 從句，從句，從?,從句四大類。.思維探究。觀察一：觀察以下句子，判斷是那一類的名詞性從句，并指出該名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。{C}{C}{C}{C}Whoheisdoesntconcernme.{C}{C}{C}{C}(3)discussion.{C}{C}(2){C}{C}Whathesaidisunbelievable.{C}{C}(3)discussion.{C}{C}Whereweshalldothetestisstillunder{C}{C}(4){C}{C}Whenwewillholdthesportsmeetisstillunknown.{C}{C}(5){C}{C}HowhegotintouchwithTomisnotclear.{C}{C}(6){C}{C}Thatlighttravelsfasterthansoundisknowntousall.{C}{C}(7){C}{C}Whethershelikesthepresentisnotcleartome.以上從句為名詞性從句中(類)，引導(dǎo)詞可以有：其中請(qǐng)將第（6）句轉(zhuǎn)換為It做形式主語:其中請(qǐng)將第（7）句轉(zhuǎn)換為It做形式主語:Whether和if引導(dǎo)主語從句有什么區(qū)別?What和that引導(dǎo)主語從句有什么區(qū)別？注意一.Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepublished.Wateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.此類引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的從句也是從句，意思中包含有: 注意二.再思考what和that引導(dǎo)主語從句的區(qū)別Whatyouneedismorepractice.Thatheneededalotofmoneymadeussurprised.注意三?Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepublished.Wateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.此類引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的從句也是 從句，意思中包含有: 觀察二：觀察以下句子，判斷是那一類的名詞性從句，并指出該名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。{C}{C}(8){C}{C}Ihope(that)everythingisallright./Iamgladthateverythingisallright.{C} {C} (9){C}{C}Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.{C} {C} (10) {C} {C}Icantimaginewhatmadehimactlikethat.{C} {C} (11) {C} {C}Iwanttoknowwhenwewillholdthesports meet.{C} {C} (12) {C} {C}Iminterestedinwhetheryouvefinishedthe work.(13)Iminterestedinwhatyouvesaid.(14)Theydontknowwhethertogothere.以上從句為名詞性從句中(類)，引導(dǎo)詞可以有：Whether和if引導(dǎo)賓語從句有什么區(qū)別:What和that引導(dǎo)賓語語從句有什么區(qū)別？注意一：語序問題范例：賓語從句后的語序要使用 加上 語序。.Wouldyoukindlytellme?A.howcanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStationB.howIcangettotheBeijingRailwayStationC.wherecanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStationD.whethercanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStation.Thesephotographswillshowyou.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike注意二：其中有兩個(gè)特例是我們要特別注意的：Sheaskedmewhatsthematterwiththemachine.Sheaskedmewhatswrongwiththemachine.因?yàn)閣hatsthematter,whatswrong本身就是語序。注意三：觀察以下句子，說出兩者的區(qū)別：Illgiveyouwhateveryouwant.Illgiveyouwhatyouwant.注意四：TheteachersaidthatTomhaddoneagoodjobandthathewouldmakegreaterprogressinthefuture.此句子中第一個(gè)that和第二個(gè)that能不能省略?觀察三：觀察以下句子，判斷是那一類的名詞性從句，并指出該名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。(15)Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.(16)thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.(17)theproblemishowweshouldcarryouttheplan.(18)thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.(19)thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthebuybyoneminutethismorning.(20)mysuggestionisthatwe(should)tellhimthetruth.Theydontknowwhethertogothere.以上從句為名詞性從句中(類)，引導(dǎo)詞可以有：Whether和if引導(dǎo)表語從句有什么區(qū)別:What和that引導(dǎo)表語從句有什么區(qū)別？當(dāng)主語為reason時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞一般只能使用 而不用because。當(dāng)主語為 建議，要求，命令，請(qǐng)求這一類詞語的時(shí)候，標(biāo)語從句的謂語要使用O觀察四：同位語從句同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞(如：news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等)之后，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.同位語從句中that引導(dǎo)詞與定語從句中that區(qū)別Thefathermadeapromisethathewillbuyhissonanewcar.從句Thefatherbrokehispromise(which/that)hemadelastweek.從句綜合類思維探究：熱點(diǎn)一.語序與時(shí)態(tài)：［能力激活1］:想一想：名詞性從句中的語序要注意什么問題？Noonecanbesureinamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlikeSomeoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee.A.whoheisBwhoheisCwhoisitDwhoitis小結(jié)：不管主句是肯定句、否定句還是疑問句，名詞性從句總是使用 語序…eg.Hewentuptosee withher.AwhatwasthematterBwhatisthematterCwhatthematterwasDwhatthematteris［能力激活2］：想一想：賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)如何與主句時(shí)態(tài)保持相應(yīng)的一致？Thepolicefoundthatthehouse andalotofthingsA.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolenWewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthatheofficesoon.A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.leftD.hadleftIdontknowwhen ,butifhe,Illletyouknow.A.hecomes,willcomeBhewillcome,willcomeChewillcome,comesDhecomes,comes感悟疑點(diǎn)：Hehascome,butIdidntknowthathe untilyesterday.AiscomingBwillcomeCwascomingDwasntcoming熱點(diǎn)二.連接詞的選擇［能力激活3］觀察與思考：that與what的用法有什么不同？Whatyouneedismorepractice.Thatheneededalotofmoneymadeussurprised.Energyiswhatmakesthingswork.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Whatimpressedmemostwasthathewasalwayspatientwithchildren.Hetoldme（that）shewasillandthathermotherwouldntlethergo.Wordcamethatourteamwonthegame.歸納：1.that和what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。what是連接代詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在從句中（有/無）實(shí)在意義，（做/不做）成分，（能/不能）省。that是連接詞，在從句中（有/無）實(shí)在意義，僅起連接作用，（做/不做）成分，；引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)（能/不能）省略，但引導(dǎo)多個(gè)賓語從句時(shí)，只有第個(gè)that可以省略。在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時(shí)that一般（能/不能）省略。感悟疑點(diǎn)：1.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinginspace.AwhereBwhatCthatDhowTheylosttheirwayintheforest,and mademattersworsewasthatnightbegantofall.A.thatBitCwhatDwhichnoonelikeshisideasisnotstrangeatall.A.WhatBHowCWhenDThatmadetheschoolproudwas morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversity.A.What;becauseBWhat;thatCThat;whatDThat;because.WordhascamesomeAmericanguestswillcomeforavisit.A.whatB.thatC.whetherD.whenHetoldus hisfatherhaddiedandhehadtolivealone.Athat,/B/,thatCwhat,/D/,what［能力激活4］觀察與思考：在名詞性從句中whever與wh有什么異同？Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepublished.2.Wateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.3.Illgiveyouwhateveryouwant.4.Illgiveyouwhatyouwant.小結(jié)1:wh-ever與wh-引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在語法結(jié)構(gòu)上，在意義上,有的意思。體會(huì)例題1.Itisaruleinhisfamilythatcomeshomeearliershouldcookthedinnerforthefamily.A.anybodyB.whoC.whothatD.whoeverIthinkthedoctorisabletocareforisthematterwithyourson.A.allB.whatC.whateverD.anythingThewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever觀察、體會(huì)與思考：以下從句都是什么從句？Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.breaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.小結(jié)2：wh-ever既可以引導(dǎo)從句,又可以引導(dǎo)從句.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)相當(dāng)于名詞+定語從句；引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)相當(dāng)于［能力激活5］觀察、體會(huì)與總結(jié)：Whetherwellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.Herabilityhasneverbeenindoubtthequestioniswhetherheispreparedtoworkhard.Itdependsonwhetherwewillhaveenoughmoney.Idontknowwhethertojointhearmyortofindajobaftermygraduation..Itdoesnttmatterwhetherhescomebackornot.?小結(jié)：名詞性從句只用whether的幾種情況：1.引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，不用if.2.做 的賓語從句時(shí)3.與和 連用時(shí).熱點(diǎn)三：幾點(diǎn)特殊用法［能力激活6］思考:想一想it在名詞性從句中起到什么作用？isreportedthathewillreturntohishometownsoon.AWhatBItCAsDThatImade clearthatIwasdeterminedtocarryouttheplan.AthisBthatCthemDit小結(jié)1:?在名詞性從句中，當(dāng)主語從句置后時(shí)，要使用主語。.在如果賓語從句后邊還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則用it作賓語而將賓語從句放于句末..Ihatewhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.AitBthatCtheseDthemExercise:.很遺憾他竟然犯了那樣一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。.我認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語很重要.［能力激活7］：學(xué)以致用isknowntousthemoontravelsaroundtheeartheverymonth.isknowntousisthemoontravelsaroundtheeartheverymonth.isknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.WhatB.ItC.thatD.As高考英語語法學(xué)習(xí)之名詞性從句參考答案參考答案：綜合類思維探究：熱點(diǎn)一.語序與時(shí)態(tài)：［能力激活1］:想一想：名詞性從句中的語序要注意什么問題？Noonecanbesureinamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklike{C}{C}?{C}10.Wearesurethatwellwinthebattle.{C}{C}?{C}我們堅(jiān)信我們能贏得戰(zhàn)斗{C}{C}?{C}11.Keepourmountainsgreen,thewaterclean,andtheskyblue.{C}{C}?{C}使我們山更綠，水更清，天更藍(lán){C}{C}?{C}12.Ourearthsdaysarenumberedwithouturgenthelp.{C}{C}?{C}沒有及時(shí)的幫助我們的地球就屈指可數(shù)了.{C}{C}?{C}13(Sth.)areboundtogeneratesevereconsequencesifwekeepturningablinkeyetothem.{C}{C}?{C}如果我們繼續(xù)睜一只眼閉一只眼的話，一定會(huì)有惡劣的后果{C}{C}?{C}14.近來環(huán)保已經(jīng)引起了全球的關(guān)注。Environmentalprotectionhascausedglobalconcernrecently.{C}{C}?{C}15.我們應(yīng)該馬上采取措施來保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境免受污染Itshightimewetookimmediatemeasurestoprotectourearthfrombeingpolluted.{C}{C}?{C}16.每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該提高保護(hù)地球的意識(shí)。Everybodyshouldraisetheawarenessthatitsourdutytoprotectourmotherearth.{C}{C}?{C}17.你不難發(fā)現(xiàn)每個(gè)人都在傷害地球，然而他們可能自己都沒有意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。Youcannotdifficultlyseethateverybodyactuallyiscausingdamagetothemotherearth,which,however,theymaynotberealizing.{C}{C}?{C}18.無論如何我們不應(yīng)該犧牲我們的環(huán)境來發(fā)展我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)。Onnoaccountshouldwedevelopoureconomyatthecostofourenvironment.C.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike2.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee.A.whoheisBwhoheisCwhoisitDwhoitis小結(jié)：不管主句是肯定句、否定句還是疑問句，名詞性從句總是使用 陳述句語序。.eg.Hewentuptosee withher.AwhatwasthematterBwhatisthematterCwhatthematterwasDwhatthematteris［能力激活2］：想一想：賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)如何與主句時(shí)態(tài)保持相應(yīng)的一致？Thepolicefoundthatthehouse andalotofthingsA.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolenWewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthatheofficesoon.A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.leftD.hadleftIdontknowwhen ,butifhe,Illletyouknow.A.hecomes,willcomeBhewillcome,willcomeChewillcome,comesDhecomes,comes感悟疑點(diǎn)：Hehascome,butIdidntknowthathe untilyesterday.AiscomingBwillcomeCwascomingDwasntcoming熱點(diǎn)二.連接詞的選擇[能力激活3]觀察與思考：that與what的用法有什么不同？Whatyouneedismorepractice.Thatheneededalotofmoneymadeussurprised.Energyiswhatmakesthingswork.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Whatimpressedmemostwasthathewasalwayspatientwithchildren.Hetoldme（that）shewasillandthathermotherwouldntlethergo.Wordcamethatourteamwonthegame.歸納：（C級(jí)）that和what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。what是連接代詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在從句中（有/無）實(shí)在意義，（做/不做）成分，（能/不能）省。that是連接詞，在從句中（有/無）實(shí)在意義，僅起連接作用，（做/不做）成分，；引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)（能/不能）省略，但引導(dǎo)多個(gè)賓語從句時(shí)，只有第個(gè)that可以省略。在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時(shí)that一般（能/不能）省略。感悟疑點(diǎn)：（C級(jí)）AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth, ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinginspace.AwhereBwhatCthatDhowTheylosttheirwayintheforest,and mademattersworsewasthatnightbegantofall.A.thatBitCwhatDwhichnoonelikeshisideasisnotstrangeatall.A.WhatBHowCWhenDThatmadetheschoolproudwas morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversity.A.What;becauseBWhat;thatCThat;whatDThat;because.WordhascamesomeAmericanguestswillcomeforavisit.A.whatB.thatC.whetherD.whenHetoldus hisfatherhaddiedandhehadtolivealone.Athat,/B/,thatCwhat,/D/,what[能力激活4]觀察與思考：在名詞性從句中whever與wh有什么異同？Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepublished.Wateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.Illgiveyouwhateveryouwant.Illgiveyouwhatyouwant.小結(jié)1:wh-ever與wh-引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在語法結(jié)構(gòu)上不同，可以引導(dǎo)不同名詞性從句 ，在意義上__類似 ,有_—無論。。。 的意思。體會(huì)例題Itisaruleinhisfamilythatcomeshomeearliershouldcookthedinnerforthefamily.A.anybodyB.whoC.whothatD.whoeverIthinkthedoctorisabletocareforisthematterwithyourson.A.allB.whatC.whateverD.anythingThewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever觀察、體會(huì)與思考：以下從句都是什么從句？（B級(jí)）Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.—no matter_whobreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.小結(jié)2：wh-ever既可以引導(dǎo)__名詞性從句,又可以引導(dǎo)—讓步狀語 從句.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)相可于名詞+定語從句；引導(dǎo)d步狀語從句時(shí)相當(dāng)于nomatter+特殊疑問詞 .[能力激活5]觀察、體會(huì)與總結(jié)：Whetherwellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.Herabilityhasneverbeenindoubtthequestioniswhetherheispreparedtoworkhard.Itdependsonwhetherwewillhaveenoughmoney.Idontknowwhethertojointhearmyortofindajobaftermygraduation..Itdoesnttmatterwhetherhescomebackornot.?小結(jié)：名詞性從句只用whether的幾種情況：（C級(jí)）.引導(dǎo)—主語從句時(shí)，不用if..做__介詞后__的賓語從句時(shí).與 or和ornot__連用時(shí).熱點(diǎn)二：幾點(diǎn)特殊用法[能力激活6]思考:想一想it在名詞性從句中起到什么作用？（B級(jí)）isreportedthathewillreturntohishometownsoon.AWhatBItCAsDThatImade clearthatIwasdeterminedtocarryouttheplan.AthisBthatCthemDit小結(jié)1:?在名詞性從句中，當(dāng)主語從句置后時(shí)，要使用__it_主語。（A級(jí)）2.在如果賓語從句后邊還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則用it作—形式 賓語而將賓語從句放于句末.（A級(jí)）Ihatewhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.（A級(jí)）AitBthatCtheseDthemExercise:（C級(jí)）.很遺憾他竟然犯了那樣一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。itisapitythatheshouldhavemadesuchamistake._.我認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語很重要IthinkitisimportantthatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.［能力激活7］：學(xué)以致用（D級(jí)）―ITisknowntous_THAT_themoontravelsaroundtheeartheverymonth.WHAT_isknowntousis_THAT_themoontravelsaroundtheeartheverymonth.―AS isknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.WhatB.ItC.thatD.As高考英語語法學(xué)習(xí)之名詞性從句學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)：.名詞性從句的定義:在句子中起到作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于，它在復(fù)合句中能夠擔(dān)任 、 、 、 等，因此根據(jù)它在句子中不同的語法功能，名詞性從W又可分為 從句，從句，從看，從句四大類。答案：名詞，名詞詞組，主語，賓語，（動(dòng)詞后賓語及介詞后賓語），表語，同位語；分為—主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句四大類。2.思維探究。觀察一：觀察以下句子，判斷是那一類的名詞性從句，并指出該名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。{C}{C}(13){C}{C}Whoheisdoesntconcernme.{C}{C}(14){C}{C}Whathesaidisunbelievable.{C}{C}discussion.(15){C}{C}Whereweshalldothetestisstillunder{C}{C}(16){C}unknown.{C}Whenwewillholdthesportsmeetisstill{C}{C}(17){C}{C}HowhegotintouchwithTomisnotclear.{C}{C}(18){C}{C}Thatlighttravelsfasterthansoundisknowntousall.{C}{C}(19){C}{C}Whethershelikesthepresentisnotcleartome.以上從句為名詞性從句中（類），引導(dǎo)詞可以有:其中請(qǐng)將第（6）句轉(zhuǎn)換為It做形式主語:其中請(qǐng)將第（7）句轉(zhuǎn)換為It做形式主語:Whether和if引導(dǎo)主語從句有什么區(qū)別?What和that引導(dǎo)主語從句有什么區(qū)別？Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepublished.Wateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.此類引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的從句也是從句，意思中包含有: 答案：主語從句，引導(dǎo)詞有who,what,where,when,why,how,whether,that,whatever,whoever,however.{C}{C}6.{C}Itisknowntousallthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.{C}{C}7.{C}itisnotcleartomeWhether/ifshelikesthepresent.此時(shí)whether和if均可。Whether和if引導(dǎo)主語從句有什么區(qū)別？引導(dǎo)主語從句表是否只能用whether,轉(zhuǎn)換為it做形式主語時(shí)候whether和if都可以。What和that引導(dǎo)主語從句有什么區(qū)別？what引導(dǎo)主語從句，what在主語從句中做成份，如句子（2）,that在主語從句中不做成份，如句子（6）但是此時(shí)that也不能省略。例如：Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.Whatyouneedismorepractice.Thatheneededalotofmoneymadeussurprised.Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepublished.Wateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.此類引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的從句也是—主語從句____從句，意思中包含有:___無論.觀察二：觀察以下句子，判斷是那一類的名詞性從句，并指出該名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。{C}{C}(20){C}{C}Ihope(that)everythingisallright./Iamgladthateverythingisallright.{C}{C}(21){C}{C}Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.{C}{C}(21){C} {C} (22) {C} {C}Icantimaginewhatmadehimactlikethat.{C} {C} (23) {C} {C}Iwanttoknowwhenwewillholdthesports meet.{C} {C} (24) {C} {C}Iminterestedinwhetheryouvefinishedthe work.(13)Iminterestedinwhatyouvesaid.(14)Theydontknowwhethertogothere.以上從句為名詞性從句中(類)，引導(dǎo)詞可以有:Whether和if引導(dǎo)賓語從句有什么區(qū)別:What和that引導(dǎo)賓語語從句有什么區(qū)別？注意一：語序問題范例：賓語從句后的語序要使用 加上 語序。.Wouldyoukindlytellme?howcanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStationhowIcangettotheBeijingRailwayStationwherecanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStationwhethercanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStation.Thesephotographswillshowyou.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike注意二：其中有{c}{C}?{C}19.我們不能否認(rèn)每個(gè)人都曾破壞過環(huán)境，所以我們不能否認(rèn)每個(gè)人都有責(zé)任來保護(hù)我們賴以生存的星球。Wecantdenythateverybodyhasdonesomethingtodamagethenature,sowecantdenythateverybodyshouldtaketheresponsibilityforprotectingourlivingplanet.1.Tocherishtheenvironmentistoloveourselves.愛護(hù)環(huán)境就是愛護(hù)我們自己2.Wateristhesourceofourlives水是生命之源Imakeanurgentappealthatmeasuresshouldbetakentocopewiththesituation我急切呼吁應(yīng)該采取措施改變現(xiàn)狀Ourgovernmentisdoingitsbesttotakemeasurestofightagainstpollution.我們政府正努力制定措施與污染作斗爭Wearesurethatwellwinthebattle.我們堅(jiān)信我們能贏得戰(zhàn)斗Itshightimethatweshouldprotectourenvironmentfrombeingpolluted.是時(shí)候我們應(yīng)該防止環(huán)境污染了Keepourmountainsgreen,thewateclean,andtheskyblue.使我們山更綠，水更清，天更藍(lán)However,naturalresourcesarenotinexhaustible,somereservesarealreadyonthebrinkofexhaustion.然而自然資源并不是無窮無盡的，一些儲(chǔ)量已經(jīng)到了窮盡的邊緣Ifwedosomethingwithnothoughtforthefurture.Thelatergenerationwouldbeindanger.如果我們不為將來考慮，后代就會(huì)受到威脅Ourearthsdaysarenumberedwithouturgenthelp.沒有及時(shí)的幫助我們的地球就屈指可數(shù)了.(Sth.)areboundtogeneratesevereconsequencesifwekeepturningablinkeyetothem.如果我們繼續(xù)睜一只眼閉一只眼的話，一定會(huì)有惡劣的后果{C}{C}?{C}府已經(jīng)開始注意這個(gè)問題。Thegovernmenthasbeguntopayattentiontotheproblem{C}{C}?{C}2.為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，政府已經(jīng)通過一些法規(guī)來阻止人們亂扔垃圾。Toprotecttheenvironment,thegovernmenthaspassedlawstopreventpeoplefromthrowingrubbisheverything.{C}{C}?{C}3.我們應(yīng)該盡全力來處理污染問題，維護(hù)我們的環(huán)境。Weshoulddoourbesttotakecareoftheenvironmentandpollution{C}{C}?{C}4.Asweknow,pollutiondoesgreatharmtohumanbeings.{C}{C}?{C}5.Itisveryimportanttodealwiththerubbishincities.Rubbishshouldbetreatedproperly.{C}{C}?{C}6.Withthedevelopmentofagricultureandindustry,moreandmorewasteisproduced.{C}{C}?{C}7.Ourgovernmentisdoingitsbesttotakemeasurestofightagainstpollution.{C}{C}?{C}8.Somethingmustbedonetopreventfactoriesfrompollutingtheair.{C}{C}?{C}9.Inmyopinion,thebestsolutiontothisproblemistocarryoutthesystemofpraiseandpunishmentfirmly.{C}{C}?{C}10.Wemustmakegooduseofwaterandavoidpollutingit.{C}{C}?{C}11.Onlybythismeanscanwestoptheairfrombeingpolluted.{C}{C}?{C}12.Ourgovernmentisdoingitsbesttotakemeasurestofightagainstpollution.{C}{C}?{C}我們政府正努力制定措施與污染作斗爭{C}{C}?{C}13.Itshightimethatweshouldprotectourenviromentfrombeingpolluted.{c}{C}?{C}是時(shí)候我們應(yīng)該防止環(huán)境污染了5,提高??的意識(shí)raiseawarenessthat/ofsth.承擔(dān)保護(hù)環(huán)境的責(zé)任beartheresponsibilitytoprotectourenvironment.呼吁某人做某事callon/callfor/appealtosbtodosth.時(shí)間不等人theclockisticking.努力做某事makeallefforts/endeavor/makeonesutmosteffort/goallout/tryallmeanstodosth.采取行動(dòng)/措施去takeaction/takemeasurestodo.改善目前的斗犬況improvethepresentsituation.關(guān)注payattentiontodoing/showconcernforsth13?傷害/損害??causeharm/damageto.不惜任何代價(jià)atallcost.只要so/aslongas16,承擔(dān)做某事的責(zé)任taketheresponsibilityofdoingsth.以犧牲..作為代價(jià)atthecost/expenseofourenvironment保護(hù)環(huán)境Protecttheenvironment環(huán)境污染Environmentalpollution釋放有毒氣體Giveoff/releasepoisonousgas受到嚴(yán)重污染Beseriouslypolluted對(duì)有害Doharmto/beharmfulto（不）注意環(huán)保Pay（no）attentionto滅絕Dieout多植樹Plantmoretrees把垃圾分類Sorttherubbish回收垃圾Recycletherubbish受益良多Benefitalot保持生態(tài)平衡Keepthebalanceofnature防止人們污染河流Preventpeoplefrompollutingtherivers為了提高生活質(zhì)量，環(huán)境保護(hù)變得越來越重要Inordertoimprovethequalityofourlife,itbecomesmoreandmoreimportantto隨著科技的進(jìn)步，環(huán)境污染越來越嚴(yán)重Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,moreandmorepollutionisproduced.我們應(yīng)該立刻采取措施與污染作斗爭Weshouldtakeimmediateaction/stepstofightagainst唯有這種方式我們才能享受新鮮空氣，活得健康Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoyfreshairandliveahealthylife.Itshightimethatwedidsthtoimprovetheenvironment書面表達(dá)范例：書面表達(dá)假如你是李華，你的筆友Mike從電視上得知前段時(shí)間北京多個(gè)地方出現(xiàn)霧霾（haze）,非常擔(dān)心，寫E-mail詢問有關(guān)情況，請(qǐng)回復(fù)?；貜?fù)應(yīng)包括以下要占.八、、?.實(shí)況描述；.對(duì)生活造成的影響；3,成因簡析與教訓(xùn);.你個(gè)人的情況。Onepossibleversion:DearMike,Thankyouverymuchforyourconcern.LastmonthseveralplacesinBeijingwereblanketed（覆蓋）withthickyellowfog.Everythingarounddisappearedfromoursight.Somehighwayswereclosed.Trafficjamswerecommonlyseeninthestreets.Manypeople,especiallychildrenandse{C}{C}{C}niors,evenfounditdifficulttobreathe.Asaresult,localhospitalswerecrowdedwithpeoplewhohadproblemswiththeirnosesandlungs.Partofthecausewasthedryweather,buttheseverelydamagedenvironmentcontributedalottothisnightmare.PersonallyIdidntgetanyhealthproblemsinthehazebecauseIstayedmostlyindoors.Buttomakeasignificantchangewereallyhavetodomoretoprotectourenvironment.Toliveabette{C}{C}{C}rlifewehavetopushonwiththeeconomy,butitwoundbemeaninglessifwehavetoachieveitatthecostofourbreathingair.Regards!Yours,LiHua霧霾天氣近年來我國多地霧霾天氣不斷增多，極大地影響了人們的健康與生活。作為環(huán)境保護(hù)的一個(gè)近期熱點(diǎn)話題，霧霾天氣符合高考考試要求，也能喚起高中生環(huán)保意識(shí)。假如你是李華，你的英國筆友Bill來信詢問你家鄉(xiāng)是否有霧霾天氣，情況如何。請(qǐng)按下面寫一封電子郵件：.感謝他得關(guān)心；.介紹情況：（1）去年以來以發(fā)生數(shù)次霧霾天氣（2）人們已認(rèn)識(shí)到霧霾天氣的危害，正采取各種舉措減少其發(fā)生（3）你自己為此做了什么或打算做什么要求100詞【參考范文】DearBill,Imgladtoreceiveyourletter,thankyouforyourcaringfortheweatherandmyhealth.NowIdliketotellyousomethingaboutthesmog.Sincethewinterlastyear,thesmoghasoccurredalotoftimes,ithasdonegreatharmtoourdailylife,manytrafficaccidentshappenedjustbecauseoftheheavysmogweather,moreandmorepeoplehavetogotoseethedoctorbecausetheseriousdiseasecausedbythesmog,quitealotofflightshavetobeputoff,agreatnumberofpeoplehavetostayathomeforfea