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Week6(systems)
Enterprisesystem,integratethebusinessprocessfunctionalityandinformationfromallofanorganization'sfunctionalareas.Theymakepossiblethecoordinatedoperationofthesefunctionsandprovideacentralinformationresourcefortheorganization.
Theenterprisesystemcollectsdataabouteachbusinessevent,aswellasdataaboutanorganization'sbusinesspartnersandotheraspectsofthebusiness,suchasinventory,manufacturing,andhumanresources.Thisdatacontainsnuggetsofgoldthatmanagementcanmineandusetomonitortheorganization'soperations,improveperformance,andcreateadditionalbusinessopportunities.
?EnterpriseResource nning(ERP)
?SupplyChainManagement(SCM)
?rRelationshipManagement(SRM)
?CustomerRelationshipManagement( )
?ProductLifecycleManagement(PLM)
SAPandothersimilarproductsreflectlarge,monolithicERPsystemsmadeupofanumberofmodulesthatcanbeselectedforimplementation.
Aninformationsystemsupportsthefunctioningofanorganization.
First,itfacilitatesthefunctioningoftheorganization'soperationsasbusinesseventsoccur.Secondtheinformationsystemretainsrecordsaboutbusinesseventsthathaveoccurred.Third,theinformationsystemstoresdatathatisusefulfordecisionmaking.
SAP
SAP=Systems,Applications,andProductsinDataProcessing
OneofthepurposesfortheworldwideSAPimplementationwastostandardizeprocessandsystemsacrosstheorganization.
Sixmodules:Purchasing,financials,salesanddistribution,accountsreceivableandadvancednningandoptimization(APO)
Asaresultofusingonecommondatabase,discounttermsofferedbythesalesmanwerehonoredbyaccountsreceivable.Previously,withseparatedatabase,communicatingthesetermsproveddifficult.
MasterdatainSAP
?Isvery,verydetailed
?Isbrokendownintoaseriesof“views”whicharelinkedtothedifferentprocessesandpartsoftheorganizationusingthosedetails.
?Generalinformation,usedbythewholeorganizationisstoredat“”levelandmanypeoplewillviewthisdata
?Accountinginformationisstoredat“code”level,andaccountantswillviewthisdata
?Therearealsoviewsforthepurchasingorganization,marketingorganizationsetc.
ERP
Aresoftwarepackagesthatcanbeusedforthecoresystemsnecessarytosupportenterprisesystems.
WiththenewbusinessprocessandERPsystem,forecastsaremoreaccurate,whichresultsinreducedinventoryandcoststoredistributeinventorythathadresultedfromtoomuchproductbeingsenttooneceandnotenoughtoanother.
ModulesP35頁開始
: (customer relationship management) builds and maintains an organization'scustomer-relateddatabase.Thisdataiscollectedfrommultiplecustomerin ctions.
CSS:(Customerself-servicesoftware)anextensionofSEA:salesautomationsoftware
SCM:supplychainmanagementsoftware;helpnandexecutethestepsinanorganization'ssupplychain,includingdemandnning;acquiringinventory;andmanufacturing,distributingandsellingtheproduct.
PLM:productlifecyclemanagement
SRM:rrelationshipmanagement
BPM
Includesmodeling,automating,managingandoptimizingbusinessprocessAdesignenvironmentformodelingandingbusinessprocess
ABPMenginetoexecuteprocess
Flexibleinterfacesfordevelopers,usersandlinkingtootherapplicationsTheBPM-enginethatisseparatedfromdataandbusinessrules.
Anaudittrailofallprocessactivitytoprovidevisibilityaboutthestatusofprocessandto
enableprocessimprovementandoptimization.
DATAP47
Withenterprisesystems,therearetwobasictypesofdata:masterdata(event-typedata)andbusinesseventdata(entity-typedata).
Alltheinventorydataworldwideisavailableduringtheprocessingofcustomerorders.Thecentralizationofthedatapermitsanorganizationtohaveaccurateandreliabledataandto
operateitsbusinessprocessinaconsistentmannerthroughouttheorganization
EnterprisesystemssupportformajorbusinesseventprocessP53
Order-to-cashprocess:includetheeventssurroundingthesaleofgoodstoacustomer,therecognitionoftherevenue,andthecollectionofthecustomerpayment.
1,presalesactivities;2salesorderprocessing;3pickandpack;ship;5billing;6payment
Purchase-topayprocess:includetheeventssurroundingthepurchaseofgoodsfromavendor,therecognitionofthecostofthosegoods,andthepaymenttothevendor.
1,requirementsdetermination;2,purchaseorderprocessing;3,goodsreceipt;4,
verification;5paymentprocessing
Week4&5(Purchase)
這兩章大頭是流程圖,這個具體看PPT啦~我就把書上的概念理了一下~
Independentvendormasterdatamaintenance
Assumesthatthereisaseparationofdutiesbetweenthe nelwhocreatevendorrecordsandthosethatcreateandapprovePOs,recordaccountspayable,andapprovepayments.
Withoutthisseparation,abuyercouldexecuteapurchasewithavendorwithwhichthereissomearrangementofofinterests.Also,withoutthisseparation,accountspayablenelcouldcreateavendoraccounttofacilitatethecreationofaninvalid/fraudulent
thatwouldsubsequentlybepaid.
Steps
Comparevendorsforfavorableprices,terms,quality,andproductavailabilityApprovepurchaseorder
Confirmpurchaseordertorequestingdepartment
IndependentauthorizationtorecordreceiptCompareinputreceiptdatatoPOdata
P458-459ControlMatrixforpurchasingprocessinFigure圖表Exnationofcellentriesforthecontrolmatrixinfigure
P-1ApprovepurchaserequisitionP-2Useauthorizedvendordata
P-3Independentvendormasterdatainmaintenance
P-4Comparevendorsforfavorableprices,terms,quality,andproductavailabilityP-5Approvepurchaseorder
P-6ConfirmpurchaseordertorequestingdepartmentP-7Automateddataentry
P-8IndependentauthorizationtorecordreceiptP-9CompareinputreceiptdatatoPOdata
Countgoodsandcomparetovendorpackingslip
Inspectgoods
P496有 ControlMatrixfortheAP/CDProcess
Theorderentry/salesprocess
Theorderentry/salesprocessesincludethefirstfourstepsintheorder-to-cashprocess,presalesactivities,salesorderprocessing,pickingandpackingthegoods,andship.
Theorderentry/salesprocessreflectsaninctingstructureofpeople,equipment,activities,andcontrolsthatisdesignedtoachievecertaingoals.TheprimaryfunctionoftheOE/Sprocessistocreateinformationflowsthatsupportthefollowing
repetitiveworkroutinesofthesalesorderdepartment,creditdepartment,andshipdepartment
Decisionneedsofthosewhomanagevarioussalesandmarketingfunctions.
ModelerCapabilities
Modelingallowsyoutocreateagraphicdiagramorabusinessprocessplusalltherelatedprocessinformation.
Simulationsupportsthetimeandcostysisofaprocessunderreal-timeconditions.
ysisprovidesanumberoftoolstoextractdetailsfromthemodelandfromsimulationresults.
Reportingcreatesseveralsthatcanbeusedtocommunicatetheresultsofprocessationandysis.
Codegenerationgeneratescodethatcanbeusedasastartingpointforprocessautomation.
Modeler’sMultidimensionalBusinessModel(1)
WebSphereBusinessModelerusesseveraldifferentmodelstorepresentthedifferentaspectsofabusinessprocess.
Processmodel:Workbeingperformed
-Providesapictorialrepresentationoftheprocessmodel
2.Datamodel:Informationusedinthework
-Providesaviewofdataandobjectsusedinabusinessprocess
3.Resourcemodel:Whoperformsthework
-Definestheresourcetypesandinstancesassociatedtothemodel
4.Organizationmodel:Howprocessparticipantsareorganized
Definitionandstructureoftheorganizationandassociatedresources
5.ysismodel:Whatisyzed
Definitionofkeyprocessmetricsandattributesyzedinbothastaticanddynamicmanner
6.Collaborationmodel:Howystssharework
-Allowsformodelanddeploymentcollaborationonprocessmodels
7.Businessmeasuresmodel:Whatistobemonitored
-Definitionofkeyperformanceindicators(KPIs)andmetricstomeasuresystemandprocessperformancetriggers
書P237ControlGoals表格
RevisethecontrolmatrixesinChapters10and11.
(OE/Sprocess)好吧Matrixes這里沒找到,前面有標了,這里我主要理的就是這個process
Inbusinessprocessysisanddesign,wemustcarefullyconsiderthebusinessprocessasawhole,includingalltheinterrelatedpartsthatworktowardthecommonpurposeofmeeting
businessprocessthatenableorganizationstosuccessfullyachievetheirorganizationalgoals
Theorderentry/sale(OE/S)processincludesthefirstfourstepsintheorder-to-cashprocess,presalesactivities,salesorderprocessing,pickingandpackingthegoods,andship.Thelast
twostepsbillingandprocessingthecustomerpayment.
Theorderentry/salesprocessreflectsanin ctingstructureofpeople,equipment,activities,andcontrolsthatisdesignedtoachievecertaingoals.
First,theOE/Sprocesssupportstherepetitiveworkroutinesofthesalesorder,credit,andshipdepartmentsbycapturing,recordingandcommunicatingsales-relateddata.
Second,theOE/sprocesssupportsthedecisionneedsofvarioussalesandmarketingmanagers.
Mostoftheprocesscanbeimplementedusingelectroniccommunicationsanddatastoreinanenterprisedatabase.
Datamaintenancemustbeperformedtocreateacustomermasterrecord,includingacreditlimit,andalsomustbeperformedtocreateoneormoreinventorymasterrecords,includingsaleprices.
Salesrelateddataarecapturedinthesalesorderdepartmentandthenflowverticallyto
managershousedwithinthemarketingorganizationalstructure.
ControlGoals(forOE/sprocess)P365
Effectivenessofoperations:identifythreerepresentativeeffectivenessgoalsfortheOE/Sprocess;addresstheissueofsatisfyingcustomers;creditworthiness
Efficientemploymentofresources:peopleandcomputers
Resourcesecurity:controlnshouldbeincetopreventtheftorunauthorizedsaleofmerchandiseinventory.Equallyimportantarensdesignedtoprecludeunauthorizedaccesstoorcopying,changing,selling,ordestroyingcustomermasterdata.
IV(inputvalidity)avalidsalesorderisfromanexisting,authorizedcustomer;avalidshipnoticeinputisonethatisonethatissupportedbybothapprovedsalesorderandanactualshipmen
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