陳述句疑問句祈使句感嘆句

句子（陳述句，疑問句，感嘆句，祈使句）一、陳述句：是用來陳述一件事情或表示一種看法，可分為肯定句和否定句兩種形式。1、謂語動詞是be動詞，助動詞have,has,will,情態(tài)動詞can等時，只要直接在這些詞后面加not就構(gòu)成否定形式。eg.Lilyhasalreadyreadthisnewbook.（改為否定句）Lilythisnewbook.2、謂語動詞是行為動詞而又沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞時，必須在謂語動詞前加助動詞，一般現(xiàn)在時加助動詞do，第三人稱單數(shù)加does，一般過去時加did，再和not構(gòu)成否定結(jié)構(gòu)。必須指出的是：don't,doesn't,didn't后都用動詞原形。Jillhaslunchatschooleveryday.（改為否定句）Jilllunchatschooleveryday.2）Thechildrenhadagoodtimeattheparty.（改為否定句）Thechildrenagoodtimeattheparty.3）Rosedidn'tdrinkanymilkthismorning.（改為肯定句）Rosemilkthismorning.二、疑問句：是用來提出問題的句子。A.—般疑問句：以be動詞，have/has/do等助動詞、can/may等情態(tài)動詞開頭，以yes或no來回答的問句。它的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：Be/Have/Has/Did等助動詞（包括情態(tài)動詞）+主語+謂語（包括表語）回答常用簡略回答。1、謂語動詞是be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞時，只要直接把這些詞置于句首，句末改成問號。eg.There'ssomethingwrongwithhisbike.（改成疑問句）wrongwithhisbike2、謂語動詞是行為動詞時，必須在句首加上助動詞Do、Does（三單）、Did（過去式）加上這些助動詞后，句子中謂語動詞必須用原形。eg.1）Edisonbuiltasciencelabhimselfwhenhewasten.（改成疑問句）Edisonasciencelabhimselfwhenhewasten2）ThoseJapaneselikeChinesefood.（改成疑問句）thoseJapaneseChinesefood注意：在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑問句的時候，要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody等詞，如果有也必須進行改變，already要改成yet，some、something、somebody等分別改成any、anything、anybody等。另外，在改成否定句的時候注意把too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等.在改成一般疑問句的時候，常常把第一人稱I、we改成第二人稱you。B.特殊疑問句：以疑問代詞或疑問副詞開頭，提出疑問的句子。它的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：特殊疑問詞＋一般疑問句語序。但是如果疑問詞在句子中作主語或作主語的定語，就用特殊疑問詞＋陳述句語序。常用的疑問詞有：what,who（whom）,whose,which,when,where,how,why等，回答時針對問句中的代詞和副詞來回答，不用yes或no來回答。1）對指物名詞或謂語動詞提出疑問，疑問詞用whatThetwinsweremakingakitewhentheirmothercamein.（劃線提問）thetwinswhentheirmothercameinMrsTurneraskedhersontobuysomeeggsforsupper.（劃線提問）MrsTurneraskherson2）對名詞前定語提出疑問，疑問詞應(yīng)用which，而且必須和名詞連用。I'mgoingtotaketheshirtontheright.（劃線提問）areyougoingtotake3）對指人名詞或代詞提問用who，作賓語時提問用whom。Ping,they,hisfather4）對物主代詞和名詞所有格提問用whose。eg.LiPing'scoat—Whosecoatmyfather—Whosefather5）對具體時間提出疑問，如inthemorning,lastSunday等，疑問詞用when；對具體幾點鐘提問，疑問詞應(yīng)用whattime。6）對具體地點提出疑問，疑問詞應(yīng)用where。Thepupilsarehavingapicnicatthefootofthehill.（劃線提問）thepupilshavingapicnic7）對表原因的從句提問，常見的有because引導(dǎo)的從句，疑問詞應(yīng)用why。XiaoChengdidn'tgotothefarmwithusbecausehewasill.（劃線提問）XiaoChenggotothefarmwithus8）對方式或程度等提出疑問，用疑問詞How。eg.gobybikelikeverymuch9）對數(shù)量提出疑問，疑問詞為Howmany，要注意howmany必須跟名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。eg.twohundredsheep—Howmanysheep10）對價格提出疑問，疑問詞用Howmuch。eg.Ipaidfiftyyuanforthesweater.didyoupayforthesweater11）對時間長度提出疑問，疑問詞應(yīng)用Howlong。eg.I'veworkedinthatfactoryfortwoyears.（劃線提問）youworkedinthatfactory12）對時間頻率，女口onceayear,twiceaweek等提問，疑問詞用Howoften。13）對具體次數(shù)，如once,twice,threetimes等提問，疑問詞用Howmanytimes。eg.didhecallyouthedaybeforeyesterdayTwice.timemanytimesmuchlong14）對in+—段時間提問，疑問詞一般用Howsoon。eg.Janeandherbrotherwillfinishtheworkintwohours.（劃線提問）Janeandherbrotherfinishthework15）對距離提出疑問，疑問詞用Howfar。eg.It'sabouttwokilometresfromheretothecountry.（劃線提問）fromheretothecountry16）另外，對日期、星期、天氣等提出疑問，則分別用What'sthedateWhatdayisit如果是過去時間，就用was代替is。What'stheweatherlike練習(xí)題1）Shedoesexercisesathomeintheevening.（改成否定句、一般疑問句）Sheexercisesathomeintheevening.sheexercisesathomeintheevening2）Hesaidsomethingimportantatthemeeting.（改為否定句,一般疑問句）Heimportantatthemeeting.heimportantatthemeeting3）It'lltakethemthreeweekstofinishthework.（劃線提問）ittakethemtofinishthework4）1havetowashalltheplatesandthingsaftermeals.（劃線提問）youhavetowashalltheplatesandthings5）Thewomanintheredcoatishermother.（劃線提問）ishermother6）LiPingspenttwentyyuanonthedietionary.（劃線提問）LiPingonthedictionary思考題1）Theworker'svisitedthefaetoryalready.（改成否定句、一般疑問句）Theworkerthefaetory.theworker___thefaetory__2）Bothofhisparentsareworkers.（改成否定句）___ofhisparentsaworker.3）Hewenttotheparkwithhissister.（劃線提問）hegotothepark4）Wereallyenjoyedworkingonthefarm.（劃線提問）Whatyoureallyenjoy5）Shewritestoherparentsonceaweek.（劃線提問）shewritetoherparents6）Ourteaeherhasbeenatthisschoolsincehecame.（劃線提問）ourteacherbeenatthisschool選擇疑問句：指提問者提供兩種或兩種以上情況,讓對方從中作出選擇的句子。它的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：一般疑問句+or+—般疑問句（后一部分與前一部分相同的成分常常省略）?；卮饡r，不用yes或no回答，而是選擇其中一種回答。eg.Wouldyoulikechickenorbeef回答時用I'dlikebeef.填入〃or〃或〃and"：AretheysittingstandingintheclassroomThestudentsstoppedtalkinglaughingwhentheteachercamein.Meimeilikesboating.（用swim改成選擇疑問句）Meimei____boating反意疑問句：提出情況和看法來問對方是否同意的句子。它由兩部分構(gòu)成：前一部分是對事物的陳述，后一部分是簡短的附加問句。如果前一部分是肯定形式，后一部分通常用否定形式；如果前一部分是否定形式，后部分通常用肯定形式。兩部分的人稱和時態(tài)必須一致。附加問句的主語應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的代詞，不能用名詞。附加問句動詞的否定應(yīng)用縮略形式。1）Bill'ssisterisgoingtoworkinParisnextmonth.（改成反意疑問句）Bill'ssisterisgoingtoworkinParisnextmonth,2）TheReadsdon'tenjoylivinginChina.（改成反意疑問句）TheReadsdon'tenjoylivinginChina,___注意：1、對于反意疑問句的回答，不管問題的提法如何，若事實是肯定的，則用yes來回答，事實是否定的，則要用no回答。eg.LiLeinevergoestoschoollate,doeshe李雷上學(xué)從不遲到,是嗎不，他遲到。（事實是遲到的，則用yes回答.Yes,hedoes.）是的，從不遲到。（事實是不遲到，則用no回答.No,hedoesn't.）2、當(dāng)陳述部分中含有no,noone,nobody,nothing,never,little,few,hardly,too…七。等否定詞時，附加疑問句部分用肯定形式。Hisauntatenothingforbreakfastthismorning.（改為反意疑問句）Hisauntatenothingforbreakfastthismorning,2）There'snothingwrongwiththecomputer.（改為反意疑問句）There'snothingwrongwiththecomputer,3、反意問句中要注意到有些詞的縮略形式。eg.'s既是has也是is的縮略形式?！痙既是would也是had的縮略形式。eg.①He'salreadyfinishedhishomework.（改成反意問句）He'salreadyfinishedhishomework,He'salreadyalittleweakinEnglish.（改成反意疑問句）He'salreadyalittleweakinEnglish,He'softentoldtocomehere.（改成反意疑問句）He'softentoldtocomehere,4、當(dāng)陳述部分帶有that從句作賓語時，附加問句的主謂一般應(yīng)與主句保持一致。但是如果主句動詞是think時，附加問句的主謂一般應(yīng)與從句主謂保持一致，如果think是否定形式，附加問句的謂語應(yīng)是肯定形式。eg.saidthattheywouldcallus.（改成反意疑問句）Theysaidthattheywouldcallus,don'tthinkhewillcome.（改成反意疑問句）Idon'tthinkhewillcome,5、陳述部分主語是everyone,someone,noone,something,anything等不定代詞時，指人的不定代詞，附加部分主語多用he來代替，指物的不定代詞主語多用it來代替。6、當(dāng)陳述部分為therebe句型時，附加問句部分用bethere結(jié)構(gòu)的肯定或否定形式。三、感嘆句：用來表達喜、怒、哀、樂等強烈感情的句子叫做感嘆句，句末用感嘆號。1、一般用感嘆詞how或what引導(dǎo)，how修飾形容詞或副詞，what修飾名詞。2、how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!（主謂可省略）eg.Howbeautifultheparkis!3、What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞（單數(shù)）+主語+謂語?。ㄖ髦^可?。〆g.Whatanicegirl（sheis）!What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（或不可數(shù)名詞）+主語+謂語！eg.Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare！注意：What感嘆不可數(shù)名詞時，名詞前面不能加不定冠詞a/an。eg.Whatagoodnewsitis！類似的有：Whatbadweather!Whathardwork!Whatdeliciousfood!等練習(xí)題:（一）1）goodkindgirlsheis!aa2）badweather!Ihopeitwon'tlastlong.aa3）theyarelisteningtotheteacher!carefulcarefulcarefullycarefully練習(xí)題:（二）1）Hehadlunchathome.（用atschool改選擇問句）helunchathomeatschool2)He'sneverlateforclass.(改反意疑問句)He'sneverlateforclass,MrBrownhasfewfriendsinthistown.(改反意疑問句)MrBrownhasfewfriendsinthistown,練習(xí)題：(三)選擇How或What(a/an)填空：.goodnewsforallofus!.interestingbookhehasinhishand!.badlyhehurthimself!.friendlysheistoeveryone!思考題IsBruceanAmericananAustralianwonderfultimewehavehad.aamoderncinematheworkersarebuilding.aaThetwinscouldswimwhentheywerefour.(改為反意問句)Thetwinscoul