語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)十三非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)十三：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（二）——?jiǎng)釉~-ing形式（二）-ing形式：動(dòng)詞的-ing形式也是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。-ing形式仍保留有動(dòng)詞的特征，可以帶有其所需要的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)而構(gòu)成-ing短語(yǔ)。 1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物動(dòng)詞的-ing還有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而不及物動(dòng)詞的-ing則沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在以及物動(dòng)詞make和不及物動(dòng)詞go為例，將其-ing各種形式列表如下：動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)形式及物動(dòng)詞make不及物動(dòng)詞go主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式makingbeingmadegoing完成式havingmadehavingbeenmadehavinggone 2、-ing形式的基本用法。 （1）作主語(yǔ)：Seeingisbelieving.百聞不如一見(jiàn)。Talkingiseasierthandoing.–ing作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果其結(jié)構(gòu)較長(zhǎng)，可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將作主語(yǔ)的-ing后置。如：Itisn’tmuchgoodwritingtothemagain.It’snousewaitinghere. （2）作表語(yǔ)：Herjobiswashingandcooking.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps. （3）作賓語(yǔ)：①作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。Shelikesdrawingverymuch.；②作某些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。MaryisthinkingofgoingbacktoNewYork.；③do+限定詞（my,some,any,the等）+-ing，表示“做…事”之意，如：WeoftendoourcleaningonSaturdayafternoon.WillyoudoanyshoppingonSaturdaythisafternoon?④作介詞的賓語(yǔ)：Hersisterisgoodatlearningphysics.；⑤作形容詞worth,busy等的賓語(yǔ)：Thisbookiswellworthreading.–ing作賓語(yǔ)帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用it作為形式賓語(yǔ)，而將作賓語(yǔ)的-ing后置，如：Wefounditnogoodtalkinglikethat.Doyouthinkitnecessarytryingagain? （4）作定語(yǔ)：Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.Doyouknowthemanstandingatthegate?注：-ing形式作定語(yǔ)用時(shí)，如果-ing只是一個(gè)單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前，如果是-ing短語(yǔ)，就位于其修飾的名詞之后，-ing作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，被-ing所修飾的名詞就是該-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ)。另外，-ing作定語(yǔ)用時(shí)，其動(dòng)作和句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的，如果不是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的，就不能用-ing作定語(yǔ)，要使用定語(yǔ)從句，如：ThegirlwhowrotealetterthereyesterdaycanspeakEnglishverywell. （5）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.注：當(dāng)-ing在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用時(shí)，句中賓語(yǔ)就是這個(gè)-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ)，可以帶有這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。 （6）作狀語(yǔ)：①時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：SeeingTom,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofhisbrother.分詞在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前一般可加when或while（表時(shí)間或條件，讓步），如：Whencrossingstreet,youmustbecareful.②原因狀語(yǔ)：Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.③方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)：MarystoodattheschoolgatewaitingforBetty. 3、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing完成式的基本用法。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，一般在句中作時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ)用。句中的主語(yǔ)是它的邏輯主語(yǔ)，并且是它所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，如：Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel. 4、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing一般式的基本用法。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing一般式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行中的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，而且這個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作也是和句中謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的。它一般在句中作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)用。如：Thetruckbeingrepairedthereisours. 5、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing完成式的基本用法。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，在句中一般作狀語(yǔ)用。如：Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary. 6、-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。在-ing前加物主代詞或名詞所有格即構(gòu)成-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中的物主代詞或名詞所有格為-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，如：Yoursmokinganddrinkingtoomuchwilldoharmtoyourhealth.但在口語(yǔ)中，這種結(jié)構(gòu)如作賓語(yǔ)用，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞的賓格，名詞的所有格常用名詞的普通格代替，如：SheinsistedonPeter’s(orPeter)goingtherefirst. 7、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，表示一個(gè)比較抽象或泛指的動(dòng)作時(shí)多用-ing形式。表示一個(gè)具體某一次的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用動(dòng)詞不定式，如：Ourjobismakingsteel.Shelikesplayingthepiano,butshedoesn'twanttoplayittoday. 8、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。-ing形式作定語(yǔ)用時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，而動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后。如：ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell./Ihavethreeletterstowrite. 9、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。（1）不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后，如：Ihavetoldthemtocomeagaintomorrow.（2）在see,watch,hear,feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)，表示其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中，而用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)動(dòng)作的過(guò)程，如：Ihearhersingingintheroom.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她正在屋里唱歌。Ihearhersingintheroom.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在屋里唱過(guò)歌。 10、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。-ing形式在句作狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、原因、方式或伴隨情況，而動(dòng)詞不定式一般式在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般是作目的或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，如：Notreceivinghisletter,Iwrotetohimagain./Ilookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.練習(xí)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（二）1.Aliensaidthathistripwas_______.A.interestedB.interestC.interestingD.ofinterest2.Wecan'tunderstand______adecisionuntilitistoolate.A.himtopostponetomakeB.hispostponingtomakeC.himtopostponemakingD.hispostponingmaking3.Icouldn'tunderstand______atthepoorchild.A.youtolaughB.youlaughC.whylaughD.youlaughing4.It'snouse______withhim.Youmightaswell=hadbetter______withastonewall.A.arguing,argueB.toargue,arguingC.arguing,arguingD.toargue,argue5.Itisnogood______today'sworkfortomorrow.A.toleaveB.leavingC.thatyouleaveD.leave6.Theoldman's______pityonthesnakeledtohisowndeath.A.takeB.takingC.beingtakenD.have7.It'sverykind______you______sayso.A.of,toB.for,toC.to,toD.of,/8.Somepeople'sgreatestpleasureis______.A.fishingB.tofishC.tobefishD.beingfishing9.Remember______thebook,whenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.havingputbackC.toputbackD.willputback10.Youdidn'thearuscomebacklastnight.That'sgood.Wetried______noisy.A.tonotbeB.nottobeC.beingnotD.notbeing11.Thoughhefailed,hetried_______itagainandagain.A.todoB.doingC.doD.done.12.You'llregret______thosewords.Youmayhurtherfeelings.A.sayB.tosayC.havingsaidD.tohavesaid13.Youcankeepthebookuntilyou______.A.havefinishedreadingB.finishtoreadC.willfinishreadingD.havefinishedtoread14.Wearelookingforwardto______anotherchance______itagain.A.begiven,totryB.give,totry.C.giving,tryingD.having/beinggiven,totry15.Mostofthestudentsenjoy_____stamps.A.collectB.tocollectC.collectingD.collected16.Excusemefor_____inwithout______.A.coming,askingB.coming,beingaskedC.tocome,askingD.tocome,beingasked17.Peoplecouldn'thelp______thefoolishgirl.A.laughatB.tolaughatC.laughingatD.laughing:18."Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?" "Oh.excellent,it'sworth_______asecondtime."A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread19."Iusuallygotherebytrain." "Whynot______byboatforachange?"A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing20.Iwastooexcited______.A.speakB.tospeakC.nottospeakD.speaking21.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented22.Itisnouse_____tocomenow.Heisbusy.A.askhimB.toaskhimC.thatyouaskhimD.askinghim23.Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands_______behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtied C.tobetiedD.tied24.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter____afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive.25.Thecomputercentre,______lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened.26.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying27.Mostoftheartists______tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited28.Englishisalanguage______inmanycountries.A.spokenB.speakingC.bespokenD.tospeak29."Canyouread?"Marysaidtothenotice.A.angrily,pointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrily,pointedD.andangrilypointing30.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed31.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven32._____theirstudents,thefamousteachercameintothehall.A.FollowedB.Followedby(Following)C.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowed33.Yourflatneeds_____.Wouldyoulikemeitforyou?A.toclean,todoB.cleaning,doingC.cleaning,todoD.tobecleaned,doing34.Do