福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹

THEFINANCEROLEINBUSINESSTODAY1福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第1頁ROBPHEBUSCFO,FORDLIOHO26+YEARSEXPERIENCEWITHFORD2福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第2頁ThemissionofFordFinanceistocontributetothesuccessofFordMotorCompanybybeingthemostdynamic,efficient,andhigh-qualityorganizationofitskind.FordFinancepeoplestriveforexcellenceandcontinuousimprovementinthequality,effectiveness,andefficiencyoftheservicestheyprovidetointernalandexternalcustomers.FINANCEMISSION&KEYRESPONSIBILITIES3福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第3頁P(yáng)rofessional---Intelligence,Creativity,JudgmentandCommunicationSkillsPersonal---Integrity,Initiative,InterpersonalSkillsandTeamworkFinancePersonnelCharacteristics

4福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第4頁Developandoperatehigh-qualityfinancialreportingandcontrolsystemsDevelopoptimalbusinesspracticesandprocessesProvidehigh-qualityanalysistosupportdecisionsMakerecommendationsasBusinessAdvisorsFinanceRoles5福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第5頁FINANCEFUNCTIONS6福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第6頁FinancialReporting--FinancialStatements,TaxAccountingOperationsAccounting--CostAccounting,TransactionProcessingInternalandSystemsAuditingDealerAuditingSupplierAuditing

Accounting&Auditing7福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第7頁CapitalStructureandDividendPlanningCashandDebtManagementForeignExchangeManagementPensions,Insurance,andEmployeePayroll&SavingsTreasury8福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第8頁BUSINESSCONTROL

THECFOPERSPECTIVEONGOVERNANCE9福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第9頁WHATISBUSINESSCONTROL?AccountingVerificationsSecurityandLocksInternalandExternalAuditChecklistsSignaturesAnyactiontakenbymanagementtoenhancethelikelihoodthatcompanyobjectivesandgoalswillbeachievedonasustainedbasis10福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第10頁ELEMENTSOFBUSINESSCONTROLRiskManagementCorporateCultureProcessesandSystemsMonitoring11福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第11頁DRIVINGFLAWLESSEXECUTIONBusinesscontroldrivesachievementofgoals!CORPORATECULTURERISKMANAGEMENTPROCESSES&SYSTEMSMONITORINGManagementACHIEVEMENTOFCOMPANYGOALS&OBJECTIVESEmployees12福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第12頁WHEREDOYOUFOCUS?TaxComplianceDisasterRecoveryAccountsPayableAccountsReceivableARCollectionsSalesRecognitionFacilitiesSecurityContractManagementEnvironmentalComplianceSafetyEngineeringHealth&

SafetyFixedAssetsCreditFinancingInventoryPurchasingVariableMarketingFixedMarketingWarrantyCustomsPayroll&TimekeepingSupplierManagementTreasuryCashManagementJournalEntriesReconciliationProductDevelopmentInsuranceVehicleRemarketingSystemSecurityDistribution&Logistics13福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第13頁CFO‘TOPSIX’GovernanceandEthicsCashandTreasuryAssetIntegrityRevenuePurchasingandPayablesAccounting14福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第14頁GOVERNANCEANDETHICSEstablishingadecisionframeworkfordoingtherightthingCONTROLSAuditCommitteeClearOrganizationalStructureFormalDelegationsofAuthorityPolicyLettersInvolvementofOGCProceduresforReportingUnusualEventsPOTENTIALRISKSGOVERNANCEBusinessMismanagementConfusion&InefficiencyETHICSLossofReputationLitigationIssuesAssetLoss15福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第15頁GUIDELINESFORAUDITCOMMITTEESPurposeProvideAssistanceToTheBoardOfDirectorsOnItsFiduciaryResponsibilitiesEnsureReliabilityOfAccountingAndControls,ReportingPractices,AndQualityAndIntegrityOfFinancialReports16福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第16頁GUIDELINESFORAUDITCOMMITTEESMembershipTwoOrMoreFinanciallyAdeptDirectorsEachShouldbeNon-ExecutiveMembersOfTheBoardCompanyCFOAndExternalAuditorsShouldAttendMeetingsButAreNotCommitteeMembersMeetingsHeldAtEachBoardMeetingIndividualMeetingsBetweenCommitteeAndCompanyCFOAndExternalAuditorsAtLeastAnnually17福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第17頁GUIDELINESFORAUDITCOMMITTEESDutiesAndResponsibilitiesAssureReliabilityOfAccountingPracticesAssureAdequateInternalControlProcessesAssureComplianceWithLegalRequirementsAndCompanyPolicyAssureAdherenceToACompanyCodeOfConductAssureAppropriateRiskManagementProcessesEstablishedReviewAppointmentAndPerformanceOfExternalAuditorReportToTheBoardOnMattersOfTheCommittee18福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第18頁CASHANDTREASURYProtectionandmaximumutilizationofcashandinvestmentassetsCONTROLSAppropriateCashHandlingDelegationsofAuthorityAccountReconciliationHedging&RiskTransferTools???UseofTreasury&RiskManagementExpertisePOTENTIALRISKSPOORCASHMANAGEMENTTheftorLossofCashLossofInterestIncomePOORRISKMANAGEMENTCurrency,InterestRate,&CommodityExposureLiquidityRiskProperty&CasualtyHazardsDefaultRisk19福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第19頁ASSETINTEGRITYProtectionandusabilityofCompanyphysicalandinformationassetsCONTROLSPhysicalSecurityTagging&CycleCountsReceiving/ShippingProcessesApplicationControlReviewDisasterRecoveryPlanPasswordsUserAccessReviewPOTENTIALRISKSPHYSICALASSETSLoss,Theft,orDamageWaste&UnderutilizationINFORMATIONASSETSLoss,Theft,orDamageSystem/BusinessFailure20福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第20頁REVENUETimelyrecognitionofsalesrevenueandcollectionofreceivablesCONTROLSSeparationofRevenueRecognition&CashHandlingProceduresforRevenueRecognitionAgingFollow-upBadDebtAllowanceAnalysisAccountReconciliationPOTENTIALRISKSRevenueOver/UnderstatedOverdueReceivablesIneffectiveCollectionProcessBadDebtExposure21福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第21頁P(yáng)URCHASINGANDPAYABLESPurchasinghighqualitygoodsandservicesandpayingtherightamountattherighttimeCONTROLSUsePurchasingExpertiseBudgetManagementSupplierDatabase/PreferredSupplierListingLowValuePurchaseReviewStandardTerms&ConditionsReceiptVerificationPre-PaymentReviewAccountReconciliationPOTENTIALRISKSPURCHASINGUnnecessaryPurchasePricetooHighQualityNottoSpecificationContractsthatDon’tSupportGoalsPAYABLESPayWrongAmountPayforGoodsnotReceived22福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第22頁ACCOUNTINGEnsuringthataccountingrecordsareaccurateandmanagedproperlyCONTROLSAccountReconciliationReconcilingItemFollow-upJournalEntryReview&ApprovalUp-to-DateChartofAccountsClosingProceduresBudgeting&AnalysisPOTENTIALRISKSACCOUNTSMISSTATEDImproperEntryMadeLegalExposuretoShareholders/RegulatoryDATANOTUSEFULPoorCategorizationNon-TimelyDATANOTUSED23福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第23頁EXERCISE:

SPECIALMETALSTAMPERS,INC.Method:IndividualExerciseObjective:UsetheCFOTopSixtosiftthroughinformationandfindcriticalcontrolconcernsTime:CompleteBeforeClassInstructions:YouareRobinJames,andtodayyouaretakingoverfromJohnSmithasControlleratSpecialMetalStampers,Inc.awhollyownedsubsidiaryofWeBuildCars.Asyousitdownatyourdesk,younoticeafullin-basketrequiringyourattention.Reviewthenarrativeprovided(asummarizationofseveralintroductoryinterviews)andthecontentsofyourin-box.Whichthreeconcernswouldyoutacklefirst,andwhy?24福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第24頁BUSINESSCONTROLTOOLSInternalControlCoordinatorsModularControlReviewPrograms6-SigmaTheGAONowthatyouknowwheretofocus,whattoolscanyouusetofindandaddressconcerns?CorporatePoliciesandStandardsApplicationControlReview(ACR)Training25福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第25頁BUSINESSCONTROL

HowtoBuildControlinto

BusinessProcesses26福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第26頁RiskManagementCorporateCultureProcessesandSystemsMonitoringRiskManagementCorporateCultureProcessesandSystemsMonitoringELEMENTSOFBUSINESSCONTROL27福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第27頁WHYIN-PROCESSCONTROLS?PLANGOALPLANGOALHitthetargeteverytimewithBusinessProcessControlRepeatability?SustainabilityWithoutControlWithControl28福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第28頁CREATEACONTROLLEDPROCESSUnderstandtheComponentsOutlinetheExistingProcessDetermineAreasofRiskAssesstheExistingControlsRedefinetheProcess29福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第29頁1.UNDERSTANDTHECOMPONENTSGOALWHEREDOYOUWANTTOGET?INPUTINPUTINPUTINPUTWHATDATAFEEDSYOURPROCESS?Remember–canbeexternalorinternalWHATPROCESSESAREUSED?Whatresources(peopleandsystems)areusedtotransformtheinput?OUTPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTWHATISTHERESULTOFYOURPROCESS?Thinkenterprise-wide–areyouroutputssomeoneelse’sinputs?30福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第30頁2.OUTLINETHEPROCESSStatetheGoal--IsitMeasurable&Specific?DetailtheProcess--HowdoInputsOutputs?IdentifyProcessSteps(Sequence/Dependency)WhenareDecisionsRequired?Watchfor“DeadEnds”–EndShouldEqualOutputLookacrossOrganizations–UnderstandHandoffsDrawaFlowchartINPUTINPUTINPUTINPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTGOAL31福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第31頁3.DETERMINEAREASOFRISKAssessGoalAlignmentHasthegoalchanged?DoestheoutputsupportthegoalDoesFailure(ofanyprocessstep)ImpactAchievementofGoals?Whatistheconsequenceoffailure?Whataretheoddsitcouldfail?LookforRedFlags32福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第32頁3.DETERMINEAREASOFRISKSomePossibleRedFlagsHoldingAreas(e.g.overduepayments,unmatchedreceipts,incompleteorders)KeyCommunicationPointsTransitions(handoffs,transitions,etc.)KeyDecisionPointsManual/PaperProcessesAnythingThatCan’tBeExplainedLongDelaysinRetrievingInformationRelianceonDetectivevs.PreventativeControls33福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第33頁4.ASSESSEXISTINGCONTROLSIDENTIFYEXISTINGCONTROLSPreventive–ReduceslikelihoodofconsequenceDetective–Identifiesand(ifpossible)correctsundesiredresultsDirecting–EncouragesadesirablebehaviortooccurASSESSCONTROLvs.RISKWhichrisksrequireadditionalmitigation?IsthereaCompanystandard/guideline?Whattypeofcontrolsmakesense?ProcessRisksControls34福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第34頁5.REDEFINETHEPROCESSBuildNewControlsintoProcessMatchResourcestoRiskLevelEnsureAgreementwithStakeholdersINPUTINPUTINPUTINPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTNEW

PROCESSDocumentandCLEARLYCommunicateProcessANDRolesandResponsibilities35福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第35頁RiskManagementCorporateCultureProcessesandSystemsMonitoringRiskManagementCorporateCultureProcessesandSystemsMonitoringELEMENTSOFBUSINESSCONTROL36福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第36頁WHYMONITORYOURPROCESS?Processsetsupasequenceofsteps–thingscangetstuckMonitoringisaredflagDealwithexceptionsAddressrootcauseintheupstreamprocessABFCDEPLANGOAL37福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第37頁HOWDOYOUMONITOR?IdentifyKeyControlPointsintheProcessDetermineMetricsforthosePoints&OutputsEstablishTargets,Triggers,andVarianceGuidesReviewMetricsFrequently–inandacrossDepartmentsCBG/GECBusinessProcessControlHealthChartTarget1234Althoughconsistent,steadyimprovementwasevidencedinmonths2and3,adeclineincontrolwasidentifiedinmonth4.Investigationofcausalfactorsidentifiedachangeinpersonnel–trainingfornewemployeehasbeenprioritized.Transactions>90daysCost/Transaction1/012/013/014/015/016/017/018/01Costhasnotstabilized,andisconsistentlyabovebudget.38福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第38頁WHATHAPPENSWITHOUTCONTROL?Norobustterminationprocess

Terminationfeesnotpaid

Cash

$1.3millionTheabsenceofarobustterminationprocessimpactedtheCompany’sabilitytorecoverpaymentsowed.TheModelEprogramwaslaunchedtoprovideemployeeswithaccesstothe‘ElectronicAge’byofferingacomputerandinternetaccessfor$5permonth.EmployeesagreetopayaterminationfeeiftheylefttheCompanypriortothe36-monthcontractend.160,000employeesparticipated.39福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第39頁40福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第40頁P(yáng)rofitAnalysisandBusinessPlanning–ForecastsandBudgets,BusinessPlanningProcess,JointVenturesandAcquisitionsOperationsAnalysis--ProductDevelopment,ManufacturingCostAnalysisMarket-RelatedAnalysisShareholderValuePlanningFinancialAnalysis41福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第41頁ShareholderValueAdded(SVA)isameasureofhowmuchvalueacompanyiscreatingforitsshareholders42福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第42頁.Costtouseinvestor’smoneytobuyAssets.Thereturnshareholdersrequirefromtheirinvestment43福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第43頁44福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第44頁45福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第45頁46福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第46頁MichaelPorter’sFiveForcesModelisagreatwaytoseethebigpictureinanyindustry.AccordingtoPorter,thestateofcompetitioninanyindustrydependsonfivebasicforces:?therivalryamongindustrycompetitors?thethreatofpotentialentrants?thepowerofsuppliers?thepressurefromsubstituteproducts?thepowerofcustomers47福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第47頁48福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第48頁Whileseeingthebigpictureisimportant,itisalsonecessarytounderstandlocalconditionsifyouwanttoactstrategically.Understandinglocalconditionsmeansunderstandingyourcosts,competition,customers,distributionchannels,products,prices,andpromotionalactivities.Seeingthebigpictureandunderstandinglocalconditionsgivesusthebackgroundforourmostimportantstrategictask–positioningourselvesoptimallywithinourenvironment.49福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第49頁50福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第50頁51福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第51頁ActStrategically:Ford’sVisionandStrategyPyramidSuperiorShareholderReturnsWorld’sLeadingConsumerCompanythatProvidesAutomotiveProductsandServicesTransformationandGrowthStrongglobalBrandsCONSUMERFOCUSSuperiorConsumerSatisfaction&LoyaltyBestTotalValueToCustomersNimbleOrganizationWithleadersAtalllevelsCorporateCitizenship52福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第52頁Toactstrategicallyyouneedto?seethebigpicture?understandlocalconditions?positionourselvesoptimallyFord’sVisionandStrategyPyramidisanexampleofalargesteptowardthegoalofcoordinatedstrategicactionandoptimalstrategicpositioning.However,toturnStrategicVisionintoaStrategicReality,allactionsmustsupportandimprovetheoverallstrategicpositionofthecompany.53福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第53頁IncreaseNetIncome54福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第54頁55福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第55頁TheCustomerValueEquation56福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第56頁57福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第57頁Decreasingcostsletsyoumakemoremoneyoffofeachproductthatisproduced.Decreasingcoststhroughimprovedprocessescanalsoleadtoimprovedqualityandlesswaste.DecreasingcostshelpstoIncreaseReturnonSales58福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第58頁IncreasingCustomerSatisfactionmakesmorepeoplewanttobuyyourproducts.IncreasingCustomerSatisfactionalsogivescustomersoptionsthattheyarewillingtopayfor.IncreasingCustomerSatisfactionhelpstoincreaseReturnonSales59福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第59頁60福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第60頁FollowTheMoneyConceptsCreateBusinessUnitsofOneEstablishProfitCentersforDifferentBusinessChannelsDivideBusinessintoSmallerManageableSubsetsMakeEverySalespersonResponsibleforaDirectBusiness61福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第61頁FollowTheMoneyConceptsKnowtheProfitofEverythingYouSellKnowtheVariableProfitofEveryProductandServiceYouSellKnowtheVariableProfitbyMajorSeriesandOptionswithinaProductLineKnowtheProfitofEveryRegion,Zone,andDistributionChannelFocusResourcesonImprovingProfit62福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第62頁FollowTheMoneyConceptsLeverageProductionProgrammingKnowtheProfitabilityofProductPortfolioProgramAggressivelyonHigh-MarginProductsandConservativelyonLow-MarginProductsWorkwithPDandManufacturingtoGrowHigh-MarginBusinessManageProductAllocationtoMinimizeMarketingAndMaximizeProfits63福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第63頁FollowTheMoneyConceptsGrowNon-TraditionalBusinessChannelsRuntheChannelasaProfitCenterMaximizeTotalProfitforEveryDefinableSub-segmentPursueWin-WinOpportunitieswithTheseCustomersonHigh-MarginProductsandServicesWorkonUniqueProductOpportunitiesFocusonServiceandMakeYourselfIndispensableManageResidualValues64福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第64頁FollowTheMoneyConceptsBusinessRegionalSalesStaffEstablishBusinessesforEachZoneManagerMakeSureTheyKnowtheProfitofEveryProductandServiceTheySellDevelopRegionalProfitImprovementPlansthatExploitGrowthOpportunitiesonProfitableBusinessFocusonDealer“Turns”toImproveWholesaleVolumesLeverageRegionalResourcesonHigh-MarginProductionwithOpenCapacity65福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第65頁FollowTheMoneyConceptsLeverageRetailMarketingKnowtheProfitofEveryProductforEveryTypeofFinancingEstablishProcesstoPrioritizeMarketingonHigh-MarginProductionFocusonFillingOpenCapacityonHigh-MarginProductsDriveSynergieswithSupportingAdjacentBusinessesBalanceOutOldProductsEarlyTargetMarketingbyRegionandCustomerProtectResidualValues66福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第66頁FollowTheMoneyConceptsPriceStrategicallytoImproveMarginsKnowtheProfitofAllProducts,Options,andPackagesUsePricingasaTooltoIncreaseValueonHigh-ProfitProducts(orOptions)PriceAggressivelytoImproveMarginsonLow-MarginProductsReduceComplexityandSimplifyProductOfferings(ValidatewithMarketResearch)PriceOftentoMinimizeMarketEffectofIncreases67福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第67頁FollowTheMoneyConceptsEliminateWaste–FocusonCashEstablishDisciplinedProcesstoEliminateObsolescenceEliminateReceivablesReduceCompanyInventoryCreateTaxEfficientProcessesManageCurrencyRisk68福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第68頁69福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第69頁Customersalsomustbedelightedintheservicesthatyouoffer.Nomatterwhichbrandpeoplebuy,youmustmakesurethattheirownershipexperiencesareworry-free.Servicebrandsthatdelightcustomers70福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第70頁71福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第71頁P(yáng)laysacriticalroleintheongoingdevelopmentofbusinesscompetencies,oneofwhichisbrandmarketing.Communicationswiththemedia,especiallyonnewbrands,helptoshapethebrandimage.Pricetheproductrightforthetargetcustomerandfindwaystoreducecostwithoutnegativelyimpactingthebrand.Astheprimaryinterfacewiththevastarrayofsuppliers,Purchasingmustensurethatsuppliers’productproposalsareinlinewiththebrand.Theguardianofqualityandworkmanshipmustunderstandthebrandtoensurethatcostreductionsandprocesschangesdonotharmthebrand’sessence.Assiststhecompanyindevelopingrobustprocesses,sothatwemayprovideaconsistentbrandmessageovertime.72福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第72頁DecreaseNetOperatingAssets73福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第73頁74福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第74頁75福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第75頁76福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第76頁77福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第77頁78福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第78頁79福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第79頁Whyareassetturnsimportant?“Inthepast,Fordmighthavethoughtthatcertainpartsofthebusinessweredoingwellbecausetheyshowedpositiveearnings.SVA,however,suggeststhatsuchasimpleviewdoesnotgofarenough”.“It’spossiblethatthosepartsofthebusinessactuallydestroyedshareholdervalue—withprofitsnothighenoughtocoverthenetoperatingassetsandmeetshareholderdemands.SVAunderscorestheimportanceofcreatingprofitswhileimprovingassetturns.”80福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第80頁Atfirstglance,ProductBappearstobebetterforthecompanybecauseitproducesmorenetincomethanProductA.ProductBhoweveriscomparativelymoreassetintensive.Despiteitsrelativelyhighnetincome,ProductBactuallydestroysshareholdervalue.ExampleofAssetTurnsProduct

A

BNetIncome$500$700-AssetCharge

400

800=SVA$100$(100)81福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第81頁Inventoriesgenerallyrepresentasignificantpartofnetoperatingassets.ThebestwaytocomprehensivelyreduceinventoriesistoadoptaKanban(or“pull”)philosophy.Kanbanthinkingfocusesonmaximizingthevalue-addedflowandtheefficiencyoftheoverallsystemratherthananindividualprocessstep.ReduceInventories82福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第82頁IsitinthebestinterestoftheCompany?WhenevaluatingactionstoincreaseSVA,remembertoconsiderthecompletebusinessimpactofyourdecision.SomeactionsMAYAPPEARtoincreaseSVAbutareeithersuperficialfinancialengineeringornotintheLONG-TERMbestinterestofthecompany.ExamplesSomecostreductionscanmakeSVAhigherintheshortterm,butleadtolowerquality,decreasedcustomersatisfactionandlowerSVAoverthelongterm.LeasingassetscandecreasenetoperatingassetsbutmaynotalwaysincreaseSVA.Theassociatedleasingcostsmaybegreaterthanthebenefitoflowernetoperatingassets.83福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第83頁BusinessAdvisorPlanningCycleStrategicReviewBusinessPlanObjectiveSettingandManagementReporting84福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第84頁STRATEGICPLANNINGPROCESS

(1)Acustomerfocus,(2)AclearVisionandMission,(3)AffordableBusinessStructuresand(4)Goals,strategiesandtacticswhichsupportcustomerneedsaswellasthecompanyVisionandMission.Providesthebackdropforsounddecision-makingandbusinessplanning.Keyelementsofthestrategicplanningprocessinclude:85福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第85頁STRATEGICPLANNINGPROCESSELEMENTSVision:Whattheorganizationwantstobeinthelongrun.Mission:WhattheorganizationdoesorneedstodotoachieveitsVision.StrategicPlan:ThegoalsthatmustbeachievedandthebroadgeneralstrategiesinherentinthosegoalsfortheMission.BusinessPlan:Eachoperationdevelopsspecificstrategiesandgeneraltacticsintheformofabusinessplanthatisspecificallytime-boundtoachievetheStrategicPlan.Budget:ThecurrentyearoperatingactionsintheBusinessPlan86福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第86頁P(yáng)RODUCTPLANSAREATTHEHEARTOFTHEBUSINESSAffordableBusinessStructure:Affordabilityisdefinedbythemarketequationandacompetitiveprofitreturn.CompanyFinancialRequirements:EachmajoroperationisexpectedtogeneratesufficientnetcashflowtofunditsgrowthandtogeneratepositiveSVA.ExternalMarketFactors:Theexternalmarketfactorsdeterminetheparameterswithinwhichyouestablishthevariablesfortheaffordablebusinessstructure87福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第87頁FORD’SANNUALPLANNINGPROCESSASANEXAMPLEExternalFactorsStudy:Establishesthekeycompetitive,economicandgovernmentalscenariosthatcanaffectthebusiness.CyclePlan:Providesa10-yearoutlookforvehicleproductprograms.FinancialPlanningVolumes(FPV’s):Representtrendautomotiveindustryandsegmentvolumesusedforlong-termfinancialplanning.88福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第88頁FORD’SANNUALPLANNINGPROCESSASANEXAMPLEBusinessPlan:ProvidesthefinancialquantificationoftheOperatingPlansandCommitmentsandincludekeyfinancialtargets.CashandSpendingPlan:SummarizesthecashneedsoftheOperations’financialplansincludedintheOperations’BusinessPlans.FinancingPlans:Aredevelopedbyeachmajorlegal-entitybasedonitsprojectionsofcashtoidentifyfundingneedsforthepresentyearandforthebusinessplanperiod.89福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第89頁FORD’SANNUALPLANNINGPROCESSASANEXAMPLEBudgets:Reflectthecurrentyearcommitmentonthepartofoperatingmanagementtoachieveidentifiedkeymeasureables.ProfitForecast:ProvidesmonthlyfinancialinformationforCorporateandoperatingmanagementtomeasuretheirprogresstowardsbudgetcommitments.90福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第90頁OPERATINGCYCLECalendarYear............Jan.Feb.Mar.Apr.MayJunJulyAug.Sep.Oct.Nov.Dec.Forecast0+1212+01+112+103+94+85+76+67+58+49+310+211+1IPV/FPVBusinessPlanningBudgeting91福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第91頁BalancedScorecardProcessIsABusinessPlanningToolThatTranslatesOrganizationPrioritiesIntoAlignedObjectivesAndPerformanceMeasuresThatEstablishesAClear“LineOfSight”BetweenCorporateGoalsAndEmployeeContributions92福特汽車財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)介紹第92頁BalancedScorecardProcessBasicElementsOfTheProcessIncludeDeploymentActionPlanningIndividualObjective