六氟化硫在線濕度測(cè)量裝置校驗(yàn)靜態(tài)法

第第#頁共13頁靜態(tài)法六氟化硫在線濕度測(cè)量裝置校驗(yàn)靜態(tài)法編制說明（征求意見稿）國(guó)網(wǎng)江蘇省電力公司電力科學(xué)研究院二0一七年二月合同編號(hào)：能源20150397項(xiàng)目承擔(dān)單位：國(guó)網(wǎng)江蘇省電力公司電力科學(xué)研究院項(xiàng)目參加單位：國(guó)網(wǎng)安徽省電力公司電力科學(xué)研究院、省電力公司電力科學(xué)研究院項(xiàng)目起訖日期：2015年08月-2017年5月項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人：朱洪斌主要工作人員：報(bào)告編寫人：張曉琴報(bào)告校閱人：朱洪斌審 核：張建國(guó)批 準(zhǔn)：國(guó)網(wǎng)浙江任務(wù)來源制定意義和依據(jù)制定過程制定原則主要制定內(nèi)容及說明濕度測(cè)量換算公式飽和水蒸氣壓表本文對(duì)《六氟化硫濕度校驗(yàn)靜態(tài)法》的制定起草過程做了說明，主要介紹了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定的任務(wù)來源、制定意義和依據(jù)、制定過程、制定原則和采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、制定內(nèi)容及說明等。關(guān)鍵詞：六氟化硫濕度校驗(yàn)靜態(tài)法任務(wù)來源本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是根據(jù)國(guó)家能源局國(guó)能科技［2015號(hào)］文2，8“3關(guān)于下達(dá)201年5能源領(lǐng)域行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制（修）訂計(jì)劃的通知”下達(dá)的任務(wù)，項(xiàng)目序號(hào)能源20150的3要9求制定“六氟化硫在線濕度測(cè)量裝置校驗(yàn)靜態(tài)法”。由國(guó)網(wǎng)江蘇省電力公司電力科學(xué)研究院、國(guó)網(wǎng)安徽省電力公司電力科學(xué)研究院、國(guó)網(wǎng)浙江省電力公司電力科學(xué)研究院負(fù)責(zé)起草。制訂意義和依據(jù)隨著超特高壓變電站建設(shè)的大規(guī)模展開，充氣設(shè)備的狀態(tài)監(jiān)控愈發(fā)重要，主要包含濕度在線監(jiān)測(cè)、密度在線監(jiān)測(cè)以及局部放電在線監(jiān)測(cè)等，而 濕度在線6測(cè)量裝置是在線監(jiān)測(cè)裝置中使用最為廣泛的一種。充氣設(shè)備的濕度是影響66其運(yùn)行安全的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)，確保設(shè)備濕度在線測(cè)量裝置的準(zhǔn)確可靠至關(guān)重要。6目前，我國(guó)使用 設(shè)備濕度在線測(cè)量裝置采用阻容法原理，以吸濕聚合物6膜作為介質(zhì)填充于一對(duì)電極間，氣體中的水分被吸濕膜吸附并達(dá)到平衡，此時(shí)吸濕膜的介電常數(shù)發(fā)生變化，通過測(cè)量電極間的阻抗值或電容值的變化達(dá)到測(cè)量氣體中含水量的目的。此類技術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用于氣體濕度的測(cè)量，具有裝置簡(jiǎn)單、體積小、量程寬、價(jià)格低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但由于原始物理測(cè)量對(duì)象是阻抗或電容，所以對(duì)測(cè)量環(huán)境溫度要求高，必須具備溫度補(bǔ)償功能，另外氣體中的水分被吸濕膜吸附并達(dá)到平衡的系數(shù)與氣體的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)有很大關(guān)系。此類濕度傳感器的標(biāo)定和校驗(yàn)，采用的是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)濕度氣體流動(dòng)的模式結(jié)合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)露點(diǎn)儀進(jìn)行，而 設(shè)備內(nèi)部的氣體6處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)，造成標(biāo)定系數(shù)錯(cuò)誤引用，并且響應(yīng)時(shí)間大幅度延長(zhǎng)， 設(shè)備濕度6在線測(cè)量裝置起不到正確反映設(shè)備內(nèi)部濕度變化的作用。國(guó)內(nèi)外沒有采用靜態(tài)法進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)的方法，制定以靜態(tài)方法校驗(yàn)設(shè)備濕度在線測(cè)量裝置的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)保6證設(shè)備濕度在線測(cè)量裝置的準(zhǔn)確性和可靠性十分必要。6本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要參考 《六氟化硫電氣設(shè)備中絕緣氣體濕度測(cè)量方法》、JJG4《9精9密露點(diǎn)儀檢定規(guī)程》，并結(jié)合實(shí)際應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀和需求進(jìn)行制定。3制定過程201年59月，根據(jù)電氣化學(xué)標(biāo)委會(huì)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編制計(jì)劃要求，由國(guó)網(wǎng)江蘇、安徽電科院成立了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編寫組。201年510月至201年68月，編寫組認(rèn)真分析國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀，江蘇電科院研發(fā)了六氟化硫濕度在線靜態(tài)校驗(yàn)裝置，安徽電科院研制了一套可在壓力狀態(tài)下使用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)濕度發(fā)生器，并編制了《六氟化硫濕度校驗(yàn)靜態(tài)法》的初稿。201年68月至9月開展了協(xié)同試驗(yàn)，驗(yàn)證了六氟化硫濕度靜態(tài)校驗(yàn)方法的有效性。201年610月至11月，編寫組對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)初稿進(jìn)行初步評(píng)審和多次小范圍討論，著重對(duì)六氟化硫濕度校驗(yàn)方法的儀器與材料、準(zhǔn)備工作、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儀性能指標(biāo)、試驗(yàn)步驟、報(bào)告等方面進(jìn)行了研討和修改，形成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)討論稿。201年612月，編寫組邀請(qǐng)國(guó)網(wǎng)山東、浙江、上海、湖北等電科院專家，在南通召開了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)初稿評(píng)審會(huì)。201年71月至2月，編寫組根據(jù)專家意見進(jìn)一步修改標(biāo)準(zhǔn)初稿形成征求意見稿。201年73月，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)征求意見稿上報(bào)到電氣化學(xué)標(biāo)委會(huì)?！?，電氣化學(xué)標(biāo)委會(huì)發(fā)文對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行征求意見?！?收集、整理回函意見，提出征求意見匯總處理表，根據(jù)反饋意見完成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)修改，形成送審稿?！?，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的送審稿上報(bào)到電氣化學(xué)標(biāo)委會(huì)?！?，由電氣化學(xué)標(biāo)委會(huì)在主持召開了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)送審稿審查會(huì)，對(duì)《六氟化硫濕度校驗(yàn)靜態(tài)法》送審稿進(jìn)行了評(píng)審。4制定原則本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按照GB/T1.1-2009《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的結(jié)構(gòu)和編寫》規(guī)定的格式進(jìn)行編寫。以規(guī)范六氟化硫在線濕度測(cè)量裝置的靜態(tài)校驗(yàn)方法、保證六氟化硫在線濕度測(cè)量裝置檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確性為目的進(jìn)行編寫。5主要制定內(nèi)容及說明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用范圍本節(jié)規(guī)定了本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的適用范圍。確定本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于六氟化硫在線濕度測(cè)量裝置的校驗(yàn)，其它類型在線濕度測(cè)量裝置可參照本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)。規(guī)范性引用文件本節(jié)列出了與本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)內(nèi)容相關(guān)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。引用的原則為：對(duì)與本規(guī)范內(nèi)容有關(guān)的主要、以及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)均逐條列出。方法原理對(duì)基于靜態(tài)法的六氟化硫濕度在線測(cè)量裝置校驗(yàn)原理進(jìn)行了描述，列出了校驗(yàn)原理圖。材料與儀器材料部分主要對(duì)氮?dú)?、空氣和聚四氟乙烯管的技術(shù)要求進(jìn)行了規(guī)定。儀器部分主要對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)濕度發(fā)生器、阻容式露點(diǎn)濕度儀、冷鏡式露點(diǎn)儀、壓力傳感器、外置循環(huán)泵的技術(shù)要求進(jìn)行了規(guī)定。校驗(yàn)條件對(duì)校驗(yàn)過程的環(huán)境溫度和濕度要求進(jìn)行了規(guī)定。校驗(yàn)方法規(guī)定了校驗(yàn)前應(yīng)開展的準(zhǔn)備工作，包括檢查待校裝置的測(cè)量范圍、輸入輸出信號(hào)，氣路接口、針閥、插頭等是否牢固。規(guī)定了濕度測(cè)量裝置的校驗(yàn)步驟，將被校驗(yàn)濕度測(cè)量裝置放入校驗(yàn)腔內(nèi)，濕度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)生器內(nèi)生成定壓定濕氣體后注入校驗(yàn)腔內(nèi)，校驗(yàn)腔內(nèi)置有濕度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)傳感器、溫度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)傳感器以及壓力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)傳感器；校準(zhǔn)時(shí)，分別讀取濕度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)傳感器、溫度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)傳感器、壓力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)傳感器以及被校驗(yàn)濕度測(cè)量裝置等儀器示值，完成校驗(yàn)；對(duì)于無法內(nèi)置的被校驗(yàn)濕度測(cè)量裝置，利用聚四氟管、循環(huán)泵等附件，將校驗(yàn)腔和被校驗(yàn)濕度測(cè)量裝置組成閉式循環(huán)通路，校驗(yàn)過程中保持校驗(yàn)腔和被校驗(yàn)濕度測(cè)量裝置內(nèi)氣體充分流動(dòng)，減少死體積對(duì)校驗(yàn)的影響。校驗(yàn)結(jié)果表達(dá)闡述了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣壓力下露點(diǎn)值的換算方法，提供了被校驗(yàn)裝置在每個(gè)校驗(yàn)點(diǎn)下修正值的計(jì)算公式。6濕度測(cè)量換算公式對(duì)氣體中濕度進(jìn)行測(cè)量時(shí)可以用個(gè)測(cè)量單位來表達(dá)。如露點(diǎn)、飽和水蒸氣壓、體積比、重量比、絕對(duì)濕度、相對(duì)濕度。用測(cè)得的露點(diǎn)可以進(jìn)行測(cè)量單位之間的換算。符號(hào)和意義ed——在測(cè)量露點(diǎn)下的飽和水蒸氣壓，單位為（Pa）;注：當(dāng)露點(diǎn)低于0℃時(shí)，如果露點(diǎn)傳感器表面上的冷凝物為過冷卻水，取過冷卻水面上的飽和水蒸氣壓；如果露層傳感器表面上的冷凝物為冰晶，取冰面上的飽和水蒸氣壓。pt—測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的總壓力，單位為帕（Pa）;Vr一體積比，單位為微升/升"L/L）；Wr—重量比，單位為微克/克（配值）；Mw——水蒸氣的相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量；Mt——測(cè)試氣體的相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量；es——測(cè)量溫度下水的飽和水蒸氣壓，單位為帕（Pa）；u——相對(duì)濕度，單位為百分?jǐn)?shù)（％）；Ta——?dú)鈽訙囟龋瑔挝粸殚_（K）；dv——絕對(duì)濕度，單位為克/升（g/L）；SVP0——測(cè)量壓力下的飽和水蒸氣壓，單位為帕（Pa）；SVPa——大氣壓力下的飽和水蒸氣壓，單位為帕（Pa）；P0——設(shè)備中的絕對(duì)工作壓力，單位為帕（Pa）；pa——大氣壓力，單位為帕（Pa）；6.2各種測(cè)量單位之間的換算6.2.1氣體濕度的體積比=X "L/L）6.2.2氣體濕度的重量比（頻）6.2.3相對(duì)濕度二 Xds絕對(duì)濕度二 (g/L)測(cè)量壓力下的飽和水蒸氣壓=X一(Pa)飽和水蒸氣壓表1過冷卻水和冰的飽和水蒸氣壓如表1和表2所示。表1過冷卻水的飽和水蒸氣壓(0℃~-50℃)溫度℃0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.90611.21606.79602.39598.02593.67589.36585.07580.81576.58572.38-1568.20564.05559.93555.83551.76547.72543.70539.71535.74531.81-2490.14524.00520.14516.31512.49508.71504.95501.21497.50493.81-3527.89486.50482.89479.30475.73472.1846866465.17461.69458.24-4454.81451.41448.02444.66441.32438.01434.72431.44428.19424.97-5421.76418.58415.41412.27409.15406.05402.97399.91396.88393.86-6390.86387.89384.93382.00379.08376.18373.31370.45367.61364.79-7362.00359.22356.46353.71350.99348.29345.60342.93340.29337.66-8335.04332.45329.87327.31324.77322.25319.74317.25314.78312.33-9309.89307.47305.07302.68300.31297.96295.62293.30291.00288.71-10286.44284.18281.94279.72277.51275.32273.14270.98268.83266.70-11264.58262.48260.39258.32256.26254.22252.19250.18248.18246.19-12244.22242.27240.32238.39236.48234.58232.69230.82228.96227.11-13225.28223.96221.65219.85218.07216.30214.55212.81211.08209.36-14207.65205.96204.28202.61200.96199.31197.68196.06194.46192.86

-15191.27189.70188.14186.59185.05183.53182.01180.51179.01177.53-16176.06174.60173.15171.71170.29168.87167.46166.07164.68163.31-17161.94160.59159.24157.91156.58155.27153.96152.67151.38150.11-18148.84147.59146.34145.10143.87142.66141.45140.25139.06137.87-19136.70135.54134.48133.24132.10130.97129.85128.74127.64126.54-20125.46124.38123.31122.25121.20120.15119.12118.09117.07116.05-21115.06114.05113.06112.08111.11110.14109.18108.23107.29106.05-22105.42104.50103.59102.68101.78100.89100.0099.1298.2597.39-2396.5395.6894.8393.9993.1692.3491.5290.7189.9089.11-2488.3187.5386.7585.9785.2184.4583.6982.9482.2081.46-2580.7380.0179.2978.5877.8777.1776.4775.7875.1074.42-2673.7473.0872.4171.4671.1070.4669.8269.1868.5567.92-2767.3066.6966.0865.4764.8764.2863.6963.1062.5261.95-2861.3860.8160.2559.6959.1458.5958.0557.5156.9856.45-2955.9255.4054.8954.3753.8753.3652.8652.3751.8851.39-3050.9150.4349.9649.4949.0248.5648.1047.6547.2046.75-3146.3145.8745.4345.0044.5844.1543.7343.3142.9042.49-3242.0941.6841.2840.8940.5040.1139.7239.3438.9638.59-3338.2137.8537.4837.1236.7636.4036.0535.7035.3535.01-3434.6734.3334.0033.6633.3333.0132.6932.3732.0531.73-3531.4231.1130.8130.5030.2029.9029.6129.3229.0328.74-3628.4528.1727.8927.6227.3427.0726.8026.5326.2726.00-3725.7425.4925.2324.9824.7324.4824.2323.9923.7523.51-3823.2723.0322.8022.5722.3422.1121.8921.6721.4521.23-3921.0120.8020.5920.3820.1719.9619.7619.5519.3519.15-4018.9618.7618.5718.3818.1918.0017.8117.6317.4517.27-4117.0916.9116.7316.5616.3916.2116.0515.8815.7115.55-4215.3815.2215.0614.9114.7514.5914.4414.2914.1413.99-4313.8413.6913.5513.4013.2613.1212.9812.8412.7112.57

-4412.4412.3012.1712.0411.9111.7911.6611.5311.4111.29-4511.1611.0410.9310.8110.6910.5710.4610.3510.2310.12-4610.019.909.809.699.589.489.389.279.179.07-478.978.878.788.688.588.498.398.308.218.12-488.037.947.857.777.687.597.517.437.347.26-497.187.107.026.946.866.796.716.636.566.49-506.416.346.276.206.136.065.995.925.855.79注：本表根據(jù)IAPWS(TheInternationalAssociationforthePropertiesofWaterandSteam)參照90國(guó)際溫標(biāo)(ITS-90)于1997年發(fā)布的方程式延伸至負(fù)溫區(qū)計(jì)算(ReleaseonTheIAPWSIndustrialFormulation1997fortheThermodynamicPropertiesofWaterandSteam)。表2冰的飽和水蒸氣壓（0℃~-60攝氏度）溫度℃0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.90611.154606.140601.163596.224591.332586.456581.627576.834572.078567.357-1562.671558.021553.405548.825544.279539.767535.290530.846526.436522.059-2517.716513.405509.128504.882500.669496.488492.339488.222484.136480.081-3476.057472.063468.101464.168460.266456.394452.552448.738444.955441.200-4437.474433.777430.109426.469422.857419.273415.716412.187408.686405.211-5401.764398.343394.949391.581388.240384.924381.635378.371375.132371.919-6368.731365.568362.430359.316356.227353.162350.121347.104344.111341.141-7338.195335.272332.372329.495326.640323.809320.999318.212315.447312.705-8309.983307.284304.606301.949299.314296.699294.105291.533288.980286.448-9283.937281.445278.974276.522274.090271.678269.285266.911264.556262.221-10259.904257.606255.326253.066250.823248.598246.392244.203242.033239.879-11237.744235.626233.525231.441229.374227.324225.291223.275221.275219.291-12217.324215.373213.438211.518209.615207.727205.855203.998202.157200.331-13198.520196.724194.942193.176191.424189.687187.964186.256184.561182.881-14181.215179.563177.925176.300174.689173.091171.507169.936168.378166.833

-15165.302163.783162.27160.783159.303157.834156.378154.935153.504152.084-16150.677149,282147.898146.527145.167143.818142,481141.156139.842138.538-17137,247135.966134.696133.437132.189130.951129,724128.508127,302126.106-18124,921123,746122,581121,427120,282119,147118,022116.907115.801114.705-19113.618112,541111,473110.415109.366108.326107.295106.273105.260104.256-20103.260102,274101.296100.32699.36598,412797.468796.532995.605494.6861-2193.774992.871891.97691.089490.21089.338488.474687.618486.769985.9289-2285.095484.269383.450582.639181.83581.038080.248279.465478.689777.9209-2377.159076.403975.655774,914274,179473.451172,729572,014471.305770.6035-2469.907669.218068.534767.857667.186666.521865.863065.210164.563363.9223-2563.287262.657962.034361.416560.804360.197759.596759.001358.411357.8267-2657,247556.673656.105155.541754.983654.430753.882853.340152.802452.2696-2751.741851.219050.700950.187749.679349,175748.676748,182447,692747,2076-2848,727046.251045.300945,312244,849444.391043.936943,487143.041542.6001-2942,162941,729841.300940.876040.455140.038239.625239.216238.811138.4098-3038.012437.618737.228836.842736.460236.081435.706235.334634.966634.6021-3134,241133.883533.529533.178832.831532.487632,147031.809631.475631,1448-3230.817130.492730,171429.853229.538229,226228,917228.611328.308328.0083-3327,711227,417127,125826.837326.551726.269025.988925,711725,437125.1653-3424.896224,629724.365824,104623.845923.589823.336323.085222.836722.5906-3522,347022.105821.867021.630521.396521,164820.935420.708220.483420.2608-3620.040519,822419.606419.392719.181118.971618,764218.558918.355718.1546-3717.955517,758417.563317,370217,179116.989916.802616,617216.433716,2521-3816,072415.894515.718415.544115.371615.200915.031914.864614.699114.5353-3914,373214,212714.053913.896813,741213.587313.435013,284213.135012,9874-4012,841312.696712.553612,412012,271912.133311.996111.860311,726011.5931-4111.461511.331411,202611.075210.949110.824310.700910.578710.457910.3383-4210.220010.10299.98719.87259.75929.64709.53609.42639.31769.2102-439.10398.99878.89478.79178.68998.58918.48958.39098.29348.1969

-448.10158.00717.91377.82137.72997.63957.55017.46177.37427.2877-457.20217.11747.03376.95096.86906.78796.70786.62856.55016.4726-466.39596.32016.24516.17096.09756.02505.95325