中國疫情現(xiàn)狀及防控策略

中國禽流感疫情現(xiàn)狀及防控策略

SituationandStrategiesonHPAI

PreventionandControlinChina

JiaYouLingNationalCVODirector-General,VeterinaryBureauMinistryofAgriculture,P.R.China2007.11Beijing國家首席獸醫(yī)官

賈幼陵農(nóng)業(yè)部獸醫(yī)局局長一、中國家禽業(yè)概況

1BriefofPoultryIndustry

inChina1.1.OverviewofChina’spoultrysectoraldevelopmentNo.ofpoultryinpentincreased3-8%annuallysince1980In2005，15.198billionbirdsraised，5.333billioninpentattheendoftheyear,including4.36billionchicken，730millionduck，makingup26.5％and69.1%oftheworldtotalrespectivelyIn2006，15.541billionbirdsraised,5.365billioninpentattheendoftheyearShareofpoultryfarms(households)over2000birdsincreasedfrom40.9％in1999to49.5%in2004圖11980－2006年中國雞年末存欄變化情況〔單位：萬羽〕Fig.1ChickenyearendstockchangesinChinabetween1980and2006〔Unit：tenthousand〕圖2家禽飼養(yǎng)區(qū)域分布情況

Fig.2

RegionalDistributionofPoultryIndustryWaterfowls水禽分布Broilers

肉雞分布Hens蛋雞分布Shandong,Liaoning,Jinlin,etc.Shandong,Hebei,Henan,etc.Hunan,Hubei,Guangdong,Fujian,etc.feature：

differentpoultryconcentrateindifferentregions二、中國高致病性禽流感疫情狀況

2.Situation

ofHPAIinChina

2.1.AIprofileinChinaAsoftoday,noH7infectiondetectedinChinaIn1996，firstH5N1AIVisolatedfromgeeseinChina.InJan2004,firstH5N1AIinfectiondetectedinGuangxi.FromJan2004throughOct2007，94HPAIcasesofdomesticbirdsfoundsin22provinces，34.8millionbirdsculled.24humancasesofHPAIdetectedinChina’smainland,16ofwhichdiedDuetoimplementationofintegratedprevention&controlmeasurescombiningvaccinationandcull,no.ofcasesandfrequencyforHPAIDroppeddramatically:50casesin2004,31in2005,10in2006,and3sofarin2007年份Year疫情省數(shù)Numberofinfectedprovinces疫點(diǎn)數(shù)Numberofinfectedspots禽鳥數(shù)量（單位：萬羽）Numberofbirds(units:tenthousands)野鳥數(shù)量Numberofwildbirds(units:thousand)發(fā)病數(shù)Numberofinfectedanimals死亡數(shù)Numberofdeaths撲殺數(shù)Numberofculledanimals死亡數(shù)NumberofDeaths(WildBirds)2004165014.4912.91904.502005123115.8215.462257.126.34520067109.104.70298.523.6412007332.302.1721.30合計(jì)Total229441.7135.243481.4441.71表1China家禽高致病性禽流感發(fā)生概況Table1.PoultryHPAIOutbreaksinChinafrom2004to2007Wildbirdsclade(2005-2006,BHG/QH/06)Waterfowlclade(2005-2006,DK/HuB/05)XinjiangClade(2005,CK/XJ/05)ShanxiClade(2006,CK/SX/06)HAgeneoftheH5N1virusesisolatedin2005-2006二、中國高致病性禽流感疫情狀況

2.

Situation

ofHPAIinChina2.3.SituationonHPAIPreventionandControlinChinaInfectionsourceremainsdifficulttobeeradicatedinshortterm.In2007,atotalof37samplesofHPAIpositivedetected,involvingFujian,Guangdong,Hunan,Hubei,Sichuan,andChongqing

Greaterproportionoffreerangefarmingforpoultry,poorfarmingconditionsandmanagement,leadingtodifficultiesinprevention&controlofHPAIFrequentlong-distancetransportationofpoultryleadingtogreaterrisksofoccurrenceandspreadofdiseaseLargefarmingpopulationofwaterfowl,unvaccinedwaterfowlsmaycarryhiddenvirusClosecontactofinfectedmigratorybirdswithdomesticbirdsresultsinthreatofoutbreak3.1.EstablishcommandsystemforHPAIpreventionbasedoncross-sectorcooperation三、中國高致病性禽流感防控策略

3.Strategieson

HPAI

PreventionandControlinChinaNationalHQforHPAIPrevention&ControlProvinciallevelCitylevelCountylevelTownshipleveloffice：MOAForeignAffairsGroup：MFAPublicityGroup：PublicityDeptofCPCCentralCommitteeSupportGroup：NDRCTechnologyGroup：MOSTSupervision&QuarantineGroup:AQSIQ

prevention&controlGroup:MOA

三、中國高致病性禽流感防控策略

3.Strategieson

HPAI

PreventionandControlinChina3.2.establishing&refininglaws®ulations,prevention&controlaccordingtolawtheLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonAnimalEpidemicPreventiontheRegulationsonHandlingofMajorAnimalEpidemicEmergenciestheStateOverallContingencyPlanonPublicEmergencies

theStateContingencyPlanonAnimalEpidemicEmergencies

theStateContingencyPlanonHPAIprevention&control

3.3.3.integratedprevention&controlmeasures,givingprioritytopreventionFullvaccinationofalldomesticbirdsIntegratedprevention&controlmeasurescombiningvaccinationandcull

Reinforcementofepidemicmonitoring,quarantinesurveillanceandcirculationcontrol三、中國高致病性禽流感防控策略

3.Strategieson

HPAI

PreventionandControlinChina3.4.Strengtheningmonitoringandreporting,enhancingpre-warningandforecastcapacityAnnualnationalHPAIMonitoringplandraftedandstrictlyimplementedsince2004Buildingupanimalepidemicmonitoringandreportingmechanism三、中國高致病性禽流感防控策略

3.

Strategieson

HPAI

PreventionandControlinChina表2.2004－2007年China禽流感監(jiān)測結(jié)果Table2.HPAISurveillanceResultsinChinafrom2004to2007年份Year血清樣品數(shù)(單位:萬份)Numberofserumsamples(unit:tenthousand)病原樣品數(shù)(單位:萬份)Numberofpathogensamples(unit:tenthousand)陽性樣品數(shù)Numberofpositivesamples2004286.89.3162005292.320.9212006635.246.5502007283.9*22.637*合計(jì)total154099.3146*：2007年為1－9月份數(shù)據(jù)。AsofSept2007

農(nóng)業(yè)部獸醫(yī)局Vet.Bureau動(dòng)物疫病預(yù)防控制中心

CADC省級(jí)動(dòng)物疫病預(yù)防控制中心Provincelevel(36個(gè),含5個(gè)方案單列市)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)防疫組織(獸醫(yī)站)TownLevel〔36000〕村防疫員或疫情報(bào)告觀察員villagevlevel(645000)畜主Farmer執(zhí)業(yè)獸醫(yī)PracticeVet.國家動(dòng)物疫情測報(bào)中心NationalAnimalDiseaseSurveillanceAndReport

動(dòng)物疫情測報(bào)站Ani.DiseaseSurveillanceStation邊境動(dòng)物疫情監(jiān)測站Ani.DiseaseSurveillanceBordingStation省級(jí)動(dòng)物疫情測報(bào)中心ProvincialAnimalDiseaseSurveillanceAndReport

疫情報(bào)告體系

疫情監(jiān)測體系

NationalAnimalDiseasereportSys.

NationalAnimal.DiseaseSurveillanceSys.

圖4國家動(dòng)物疫情監(jiān)測與報(bào)告體系Fig.4NationalAnimalDiseaseSurveillanceandReportSystem縣級(jí)動(dòng)物疫病預(yù)防控制中心Countylevel〔2862個(gè)〕304個(gè)146個(gè)國家AI參考實(shí)驗(yàn)室NationalAIRef.Lab.注：CADC,China動(dòng)物疫病預(yù)防控制中心ChinesecenterforAnimalDiseaseControlandPrevention圖5全國邊境動(dòng)物疫病監(jiān)測站、疫情測報(bào)站分布圖Fig.5ThedistributionofanimaldiseasesurveillancestationsandborderanimaldiseasessurveillancestationsinChina.Morethan2800countyanimaldiseasesurveillancebodiesconnectedwithstateanimalepidemicinformationnetworkcentertoensurereal-timereporting3.5.StickingtoscientificapproachforHPAIprevention&control,promotingtechnicalsupportcapacityStrengtheningR&DforAIvaccine,improvingprevention&controltechnologyGuaranteeingvaccinequality,enhancingproductioncapacityStandardizingAIvaccinationpractice,reinforcingvaccinationprotection

三、中國高致病性禽流感防控策略

3.

Strategieson

HPAI

PreventionandControlinChina表3中國目前批準(zhǔn)生產(chǎn)使用的疫苗名稱及特性Table3.NamesandFeaturesofCurrentApprovedAIVaccinesProducedinChina

VaccineUseRemarkInactivatedvaccine（H5N2）PrecautionagainstAIcausedbyH5,usedmainlyforchicken.UseceasedasfromOct2006FirstsuccessfulvaccineagainstHPAIInactivatedrecombinedvaccine（H5N1，Re-1）PrecautionagainstAIofchicken,duckandgoosecausedbyH5Canbeusedforwaterfowlrecombinedfowlpoxvectorlivevaccine（H5）PrecautionagainstAIcausedbyH5DifferencebetweeninfectionbyimmunizationandwildviruscanbeidentifieddoublerecombinedlivevaccineagainstAIandNewcastledisease（rL-H5）PrecautionagainstAIcausedbyH5andNewcastlediseaseFirstsafeandeffectivelivevaccineofnegativelinkRNAintheworldrecombinedinactivatedvaccine(H5N1，Re-1+Re-4）PrecautionagainstAIcausedbyH5andNewcastlediseasePrecautionagainstAIcausedbycurrentH5virus3.6.Stepuppopularizationandpublicity,raisepublicawarenessaboutAIpreventionOrganizeexpertteamstocompilepopularscienceinformationonAIintheformofposters,pocketbooksandbasicknowledgebrochurestobepostedorhandedouttoruralfamiliesDisseminatetothepublicthebasicAIknowledgeandpreventionandcontrolpoliciesthroughTVprograms,radios,newspapersandInternet,andprovidetechnicalservices三、中國高致病性禽流感防控策略

3.

Strategieson

HPAI

PreventionandControlinChina圖6用四種民族文字印刷的禽流感宣傳掛圖Fig.6ThePosteronHPAIKnowledgePrintedin4Languages(Chinese,Uigur,Tibetan,Mongolian)3.7.CompensationmechanisminabidtosupportpoultrysectordevelopmentProvidesubsidiesforpoultryvaccinationandcullingatepidemicareasGrantincometaxexemption,value-addedtaxrebateuponpayment,exporttaxrebateandlocaltaxesreductionasappropriateGrantreductionandexemptionofpaymenttosomegovernmentalfundsandadministrativechargesIncreaseworkingcapitalloansandinterestsubsidiesEnhancevaccinesupplycapacityProtectthereproducingcapacityofbreedersandresourcesofpoultrybreedsMaintainnormalmarketsupplyorderEnsurethatpoultryfarmersenjoypolicybenefitsandthatthelivelihoodofemployeesofpoultryenterprisesisguaranteedAdvancementoftransformationofpoultryfarmingpatterninagradualmanner

三、中國高致病性禽流感防控策略

3.Strategieson

HPAI

PreventionandControlinChina4.1.RefinementofnotificationsystemformajoranimaldiseasesReportedinatimelymanneroccurrenceandhumaninfectionofAItorelevantinternationalorganizationssuchasFAO,WHOandOIE,foreignembassiesandconsulatesinChinaandthecompetentauthoritiesinHKSAR,MacaoSARandTaiwanProvince,andexchangedHPAIprevention&controlexperienceNewlyrevised“LawofthePRConAnimalEpidemicPrevention〞,tobeeffectiveonJan.1,2021,stipulatesinlegaltermsthedetailsonreporting,notificationandannouncementofanimaldiseases,specifyingtheresponsibilityofMOAtonotifyanimaldiseasestointernationalorganizations四、國際交流與合作

4.InternationalCommunicationandCooperation

4.2.ParticipateactivelyininternationalcooperationChinesegov’tholdsthatadvantageofinternationalorganizationsbefullymadeuseof,andwillparticipateactivelyinactivitiesofFAO,OIE,WHO,etc.Afour-partyjointconferencemechanismwaslaunchedbyMOA,MOHofChina,FAOandWHO.ChinaattendedtheFAO/WHO/OIEEmergencyMeetingonTechnologiesforHPAIControlinAsiaandtheSymposiumonHPAIControlStrategiesandEconomicImpact.ChinasuccessfullyhostedInternationalFinancingConferenceforHPAIprevention&control,putforwardandadoptedalongwithotherparticipantsthecooperationinitiativesonHPAIprevention&control,raising$1.9billionforHPAIprevention&control,contributingtoimprovementofinternationalcollaborationsysteminthisregardOrganizedexpertsfromFAO/WHO/OIEtovisitChina四、國際交流與合作

4.InternationalCommunicationandCooperation4.3.RegionalandbilateralcooperationInMarch2004,MOAheld“China-ASEANSpecialMeetingonHPAIprevention&control〞inBeijing,duringwhichChinaandASEANnationsreachedconsensusonsevenissuesregardingAIcontrolInDec2005,“MinisterialConferenceforAsianCooperationonHPAIprevention&control〞washeldinKunming,andKunmingInitiativeonAsianCooperationonHPAIprevention&controlwasjointlyis