Unit1FoodMatters高一英語閱讀提升（譯林版2020選擇性）

Unit1FoodMattersUnit1FoodMatters必備知識核心詞匯bination;greedily;gently;association;vary;relieve;security;impress;adorable;foggy;expand;appropriate;consume;innovation;dothetrick;cryoutfor;throwoneselfinto;;fallapart;nottomention;referto;makeupfor;allyearround核心語法動詞不定式作主語和表語語篇說明文的結構特征和語言特色表達根據(jù)介紹中國美食的博客文章完成概要寫作關鍵能力了解世界各地的代表性食物及其相關文化掌握治愈性食物背后的文化因素感受我國多元的飲食文化學科素養(yǎng)能用英語介紹中國具有代表性的食物能與同伴交流討論自己最喜歡的食物核心價值了解不同地域的飲食文化，保持對英語學習的興趣和熱情多渠道獲取與飲食文化相關的學習資源，積累相關英文表達觀看各地美食視頻，理解非文字手段傳達的意義引言解讀Eattolive,butdonotlivetoeat.釋義：為生活而飲食，莫過于為飲食而生活。啟示：健康生活必須以健康飲食為前提，人的一生雖然短暫，但是不能為了單純的生存而活。中學生應該在積極強健體魄的基礎上，志存高遠，為祖國和人民做貢獻。名句積累1．Aclosemouthcatchesnoflies.病從口入。2．Itisdifficulttocaterforalltastes.眾口難調。3．Breadisthestaffoflife.民以食為天。4．Birdsreadycookeddonotflyintoyourmouth.任何事不能坐享成。5．Eatatpleasure,drinkwithmeasure.隨意吃飯，適度飲酒。在“人與社會”的主題語境下,探討了各國的飲食文化。涉及的語篇類型多樣，有視頻、雜志文章、博客文章、食譜等。旨在幫助學生認識到飲食文化在跨文化交際中的重要作用。并且引導青少年通過飲食了解不同國家及地域的不同文化。語篇品讀Inastatementreleasedlastweek,theEnglishFrenchTVpersonalitysaidthathe’ddecidedtoshutthefinedininginstitution,openedbyhisfatherAlbertRouxanduncleMichelRouxSr.56yearsago,tospendmoretimewithhisfamily.“Iknowthiswilleasashocktomanyofyou,sopleaseknowthisdecisionhasnotbeenmadelightly,”wroteRouxJr.,whohasappearedinTVshowssuchas“MichelRoux’sFrenchCountryCooking,”andGordonRamsay’s“Hell’sKitchen,”explainingthathewantedto“maketimeforabetterworklifebalance.”“LeGavrochemeanssomuch,notjusttomyselfandtheRouxfamily,buttothewiderGavrocheteamandyou,ourguests,whohavebeeourfamilyoversomanyyears.”Hewentontoexplainthattheendofthecurrentleaseontheestablishment,locatedinMayfair,hadprovidedhimwith“theopportunitytoassessandconsiderthefuture,”andhefeltthatnowwastherighttime“toturnthepageandmoveforward.”RouxJr.,whohasbeenrunningtheiconicrestaurantsince1991,saidthatLeGavrochewouldbeclosingonahigh,andcontinuestobefullybookedeachweek.Admittingthathehadmixedemotionsaboutthedecision,RouxJr.stressedthattherestaurantwould“l(fā)iveon”intheformofpopupandoverevents.NamedafteracharacterinVictorHugo’snovel“LesMiserables,”itopenedinSloaneSquarebackin1968andsoonbecamethefirstUKrestauranttobeawardedwithaMichelinstar,andthefirsttowinasecond.In1982,aftermovingtoLondon’sUpperBrookStreetinMayfair,itbecamethefirsttobeawardedthreeMichelinstars,whichithelduntil1993.Accordingtotherestaurant’sofficialwebsite,manyupandingchefsincludingRamsay,MarcoPierreWhiteandMarcusWareing,have“earnedtheirstripes”atLeGavrocheinthemorethanfivedecadessinceitfirstlaunched.“LeGavrochehaschangedthefaceoftheUKandLondonrestaurantsceneanditslegacyisunmatched,”addedRouxJr.全文翻譯在上周發(fā)布的一份聲明中，英法電視名人表示，他決定關閉這家由父親阿爾伯特·魯和叔叔老米歇爾·魯56年前開設的高級餐廳，以便有更多時間陪伴家人。曾出演過《米歇爾·魯克斯的法國鄉(xiāng)村烹飪》和戈登·拉姆齊的《地獄廚房》等電視節(jié)目的小魯克斯寫道：“我知道這會讓你們很多人感到震驚，所以請知道這個決定不是輕率做出的?！彼忉屨f，他想“騰出時間來更好地平衡工作和生活?！薄袄召じヂ迨惨饬x重大，不僅對我和魯克斯家族，而且對更廣泛的伽弗洛什團隊和你們，我們的客人，多年來他們已經(jīng)成為我們的家人?！彼又忉屨f，位于梅菲爾的這家公司目前的租約到期，為他提供了“評估和考慮未來的機會”，他覺得現(xiàn)在是“翻開新的一頁，向前邁進”的正確時機。自1991年以來一直經(jīng)營這家標志性餐廳的RouxJr.表示，LeGavroche將迎來一個高潮，而且每周都會被預訂一空。小魯克斯承認，他對這一決定有著復雜的情緒，他強調，這家餐廳將以新的形式“活下去”。它以維克多·雨果小說《悲慘世界》中的一個角色命名，1968年在斯隆廣場開業(yè)，很快成為第一家獲得米其林星級的英國餐廳，也是第一家獲得第二顆星的餐廳。1982年，在搬到倫敦梅菲爾的上布魯克街后，它成為第一家獲得米其林三星的酒店，并一直保持到1993年。根據(jù)該餐廳的官方網(wǎng)站，自LeGavroche開業(yè)以來的50多年里，包括拉姆齊、馬爾科·皮埃爾·懷特和馬庫斯·沃林在內的許多后起之秀廚師都在該餐廳“贏得了榮譽”。RouxJr.補充道：“LeGavroche改變了英國和倫敦餐廳的面貌，其遺產(chǎn)無與倫比?！?。詞塊積累1.releasev.發(fā)布，公開2.shockn.令人震驚的事3.establishmentn.建立，確立4.moveforward前進5.admitv.承認，準許…進入6.beawardedwith被授予……7.accordingto根據(jù)8.decaden.十年語篇品讀Chinalaunchesantifoodwastecampaignamidglobalfoodcrisiss://news.cgtn（高考題源報刊）ChinahassteppedupeffortstoreducefoodwasteasanefforttoreformitsfoodsystemsandtomeetoneofthegoalsofUN2030Agenda:ZeroHunger,asarecentUNreportwarnedthattheworldisonthevergeoftheworstfoodcrisisin50yearsandalmost690millionpeopleintheworldwereundernourishedin2019.ThoughChinadoesn'tfaceafoodcrisisandhasbumperharvestsinconsecutiveyears,theChinesePresidentstillstressedthatpeopleshould"maintainasenseofcrisisaboutfoodsecurity"andurgedrelevantdepartmentstobuildalongtermmechanismtostopfoodwastage.InChina,theConstitutionstipulatesthatthestateshouldpracticefrugalityandopposewaste.China'sagriculturallawalsoregulatesthatcitizensshouldcherishandsavefood.Otherlawsliketheenvironmentallaw,consumerrightsprotectionlawandfoodsecuritylawadvocatethatallpartiesshallavoidwastingresourcesandpollutingtheenvironment.Butlegalexpertssaytheconceptsarevagueandnotspecificenough.ZhangGuilong,anofficialoftheLegislativeAffairsmitteeoftheStandingmitteeoftheNationalPeople'sCongress,toldCCTVthatthemittee,togetherwithotherdepartments,isconductingresearchtostrengthenlegislationregardingfoodwaste.Theyaregoingtomakespecificandclearprovisionsinfoodproduction,storage,transportation,processingandconsumptionstagestoreducewaste.Globally,someenvironmentalistssaythewasteoffoodisalsoawasteofwater,land,energyandotherearthresources,resultingingreenhousegasemissionsandotherformsofenvironmentalpollution.TheUNwarnedinitsreportthatwithouteffortstoreformglobalfoodsystems,itstargetofzerohungerby2030willbemissed.全文翻譯中國在全球糧食危機中發(fā)起反食品浪費運動中國加大了減少糧食浪費的力度，以改革其糧食系統(tǒng)，實現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國2030年議程的目標之一：零饑餓。聯(lián)合國最近的一份報告警告稱，世界正處于50年來最嚴重的糧食危機邊緣，2019年全球近6.9億人營養(yǎng)不良。盡管中國沒有面臨糧食危機，而且已經(jīng)連續(xù)幾年豐收，但中國國家主席仍然強調，人們應該“保持糧食安全的危機感”，并敦促有關部門建立制止糧食浪費的長效機制。在中國，憲法規(guī)定國家應當厲行節(jié)約，反對浪費。中國農業(yè)法還規(guī)定，公民應當珍惜和節(jié)約糧食。其他法律，如環(huán)境法、消費者權益保護法和食品安全法，主張各方應避免浪費資源和污染環(huán)境。但法律專家表示，這些概念很模糊，不夠具體。全國人大常委會法制工作委員會官員張桂龍告訴中央電視臺，該委員會正在與其他部門一起進行研究，以加強有關食品浪費的立法。他們將在食品生產(chǎn)、儲存、運輸、加工和消費階段做出具體明確的規(guī)定，以減少浪費。在全球范圍內，一些環(huán)保人士表示，浪費食物也是對水、土地、能源和其他地球資源的浪費，導致溫室氣體排放和其他形式的環(huán)境污染。聯(lián)合國在其報告中警告稱，如果不努力改革全球糧食系統(tǒng)，到2030年實現(xiàn)零饑餓的目標將無法實現(xiàn)。句式仿寫1.我們能看到人工智能已經(jīng)在很多方面影響了我們的生活。Wecanobservethatartificialintelligencehasalreadymadeanimpactonourlivesinmanyways.2.減輕壓力最有效的方法之一就是跟你信任的人談談你的情感。Oneofthemosteffectivewaystoreducestressistotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.3.現(xiàn)在,騎自行車、慢跑和游泳被認為是最全面的鍛煉方式之一。Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,isregardedasoneofthebestallroundformsofexercise.Passage1主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會飲食文化介紹四種韓國泡菜★★★Kimchi,whichtastessimilartotheChinesePaoCai,isnotonlyamaindisheatenatnearlyeverymealbyKoreans,butalsoanimportantingredient(配料)inmanyotherKoreanfoods.Whilethemostpopularvarietyisthespicykimchimadeofcabbage,therearemorethan100differenttypesofkimchimadeofvariousvegetables,likeradish(小蘿卜),onionorcarrot.Thankstoitsuniquefermentation(發(fā)酵)process,kimchiisselectedbytheAmericanmagazineHealthasoneofthetopfivehealthiestfoodsintheworldandhelpspreventthegrowthofcancer.CabbageKimchiEnjoyedbymostKoreans,CabbageKimchiismadewithawhole,uncutsaltedcabbagemixedwithKoreanchilipowder,garlic,fishsauce(醬)andotherspices.RadishKimchiThebasicingredientsusedforcreatingthiskimchiarethesametothoseusedtomakeCabbageKimchi,exceptthatthecabbageisreplacedwithradish.Thedistinctcharacteristicsofthiskimchiarethatitispleasantlyhardandthatitmakesanoisewhenyouchewit.WaterKimchiThisisalessspicykindofkimchithatusesbothcabbageandradish.Usingagreatdealofkimchiwater,ittastessweeterthanothertypesofkimchiduetotheadditionofslicedfruitssuchasappleandpear.YoungRadishKimchiYoungRadishKimchiispreparedandeateninsummerwhencabbagesarenotyetreadyforharvest.Thiskimchiismadeusingyoungsummerradishes,mixedwithKoreanchilipowderandgreenonions,givingitauniquesmellandtaste.1．Whichkimchitastessweetandlessspicy?A．WaterKimchi. B．CabbageKimchi.C．RadishKimchi. D．YoungRadishKimchi.2．WhenisYoungRadishKimchiprepared?A．Inspring. B．Insummer.C．Inautumn. D．Inwinter.3．WhatcanwesayabouttheKoreankimchi?A．IttastesthesametoPaoCai. B．Ithastobemixedwithonions.C．Itisatypeoffermentedfood. D．Itisjustusedasaningredient.【答案】1．A2．B3．C【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了四種韓國泡菜。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WaterKimchi部分中“Thisisalessspicykindofkimchithatusesbothcabbageandradish.Usingagreatdealofkimchiwater,ittastessweeterthanothertypesofkimchiduetotheadditionofslicedfruitssuchasappleandpear.（這是一種不太辣的泡菜，用的是卷心菜和蘿卜。因為加入了蘋果、梨等切片水果，所以加入了大量泡菜水，比其他泡菜更甜。）”可知，WaterKimchi嘗起來甜而不辣。故選A。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)YoungRadishKimchi部分中“YoungRadishKimchiispreparedandeateninsummerwhencabbagesarenotyetreadyforharvest.（小蘿卜泡菜是在夏天卷心菜還沒有成熟的時候準備和食用的。）”可知，小蘿卜泡菜是在夏天被準備的。故選B。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thankstoitsuniquefermentation(發(fā)酵)process,kimchiisselectedbytheAmericanmagazineHealthasoneofthetopfivehealthiestfoodsintheworldandhelpspreventthegrowthofcancer.（泡菜因其獨特的發(fā)酵過程，被美國《健康》雜志選為世界五大健康食品之一，并有助于預防癌癥的生長。）”可知，韓國泡菜是一種發(fā)酵食品。故選C。Passage2主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會飲食與生活介紹在線烹飪游戲對孩子的好處★★★★Cookinggamesareafantasticwaytostimulateimaginativeplay.4Ithelpsthemdeveloptheircreativity,motorskills,language,andproblemsolvingability.Inthistextyouwillfindsomeinformationonhowonlinecookinggamesmayeducatethem.Onlinecookinggamespromotemathsandreadingskills.Theactofcookingrequiresalotofcountingandmeasuring.Additionally,manyfreecookinggamesonlinerequirekidstoreadtherecipesorlistsofingredients.5OnlineCookinggamesboostconfidenceandindependence.Whenkidstaketheinitiative,finishatask,orfollowdirectionscorrectly,theyfeelgoodaboutthemselvesandproudofwhatthey’vedone.6Inthegame,kidscanexperimentwithachefsroleandmastertheirculinaryskillsintheworldofimagination.Whenkidshavetrustintheirownskills,theyaremorelikelytogrowupwithafeelingofconfidence,responsibility,andindependence.7Freeonlinecookinggamesencouragekidstotrynewthingsandthinkoutsidetheboxbylettingthemexperimentwithingredients,recipes,andpreparationmethods.Suchgamescanhelpkidsdevelopagrowthmindset,creativity,andchoosingfreedom.Onlinecookinggamescanimprovesocialskills.8Forexample,playingmultiplayerortwoplayergamesallowschildrentointeractwithothers,helpeachother,laughtogether,solveproblemsincooperation,andsoon.Thisisespeciallyconvenientfortimidorintrovertedkidswhohavedifficultyreachingouttoothersintherealworld.A．Onlinecookinggamesforkidsnurturecreativity.B．Onlinecookinggamescanhelpkidswinfreedom.C．Mostcookinggamesofferaninbuiltsocialspace.D．Howdocookinggamespromotedevelopmentandlearning?E．Theyimprovetheirvocabularyandenhancetheirabilitytounderstand.F．Childrencanactoutreallifesituationsandbehaviorsthroughpretendplay.G．ForexamplecreativegamessuchasCookingMadnessencouragepretendplay.【答案】4．F5．E6．G7．A8．C【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在線烹飪游戲對孩子的好處。4．上文“Cookinggamesareafantasticwaytostimulateimaginativeplay.(烹飪游戲是激發(fā)想象力的好方法)”介紹了烹飪游戲，F(xiàn)項“Childrencanactoutreallifesituationsandbehaviorsthroughpretendplay.(孩子們可以通過假裝游戲來表演現(xiàn)實生活中的情景和行為)”進一步說明烹飪游戲帶給孩子們的影響，同時句中“Children”為下文中人稱代詞“them”提供了指代對象，上下文語意連貫。故選F項。5．上文“Additionally,manyfreecookinggamesonlinerequirekidstoreadtherecipesorlistsofingredients.(此外，許多免費的在線烹飪游戲要求孩子們閱讀食譜或配料表)”講在線烹飪游戲需要孩子們閱讀，E項“Theyimprovetheirvocabularyandenhancetheirabilitytounderstand.(他們增加了詞匯量，提高了理解能力)”承接上文，說明這類游戲帶來的影響：增加了詞匯量，提高了理解能力。上下文語意連貫。故選E項。6．根據(jù)下文“Inthegame,kidscanexperimentwithachefsroleandmastertheirculinaryskillsintheworldofimagination.(在游戲中，孩子們可以嘗試扮演廚師的角色，并在想象的世界中掌握他們的烹飪技能)”中“Inthegame”可知，設空句中會出現(xiàn)一個游戲，且在這個游戲中孩子們會進行角色扮演，G項“ForexamplecreativegamessuchasCookingMadnessencouragepretendplay.(例如，《CookingMadness》等創(chuàng)意游戲鼓勵玩家進行角色扮演)”給出了需要扮演角色的游戲《CookingMadness》，上下文銜接自然。故選G項。7．設空句是段首小標題，根據(jù)下文“Freeonlinecookinggamesencouragekidstotrynewthingsandthinkoutsidetheboxbylettingthemexperimentwithingredients,recipes,andpreparationmethods.(免費的在線烹飪游戲鼓勵孩子們嘗試新事物，并通過讓他們嘗試食材、食譜和準備方法來跳出常規(guī)思維)”可知，本段主要講在線烹飪游戲可以培養(yǎng)孩子們的創(chuàng)造力，所以A項“Onlinecookinggamesforkidsnurturecreativity.(孩子們的在線烹飪游戲可以培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力)”是最佳標題。故選A項。8．下文“Forexample,playingmultiplayerortwoplayergamesallowschildrentointeractwithothers,helpeachother,laughtogether,solveproblemsincooperation,andsoon.(例如，玩多人或雙人游戲可以讓孩子們與他人互動，互相幫助，一起歡笑，合作解決問題等等)”舉例說明了游戲中的社交活動，是對C項“Mostcookinggamesofferaninbuiltsocialspace.(大多數(shù)烹飪游戲都提供內置社交空間)”中“aninbuiltsocialspace”的舉例說明。上下文語意連貫。故選C項。Passage3主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會飲食文化“酸辣土豆絲”制作過程及重要性★★★★The“sourandspicyshreddedpotato”(酸辣土豆絲)isatypicalhomecookingdishinChina,9isseenfrequentlyathomeandinrestaurantsbecauseofthesimplecookingmethod.AlthoughitbelongstoSichuancuisine,thedishnowis10favoritechoiceformanydinersalloverChina.Itsflavorcanbeflexiblyadjustedbyaddingdifferent11(amount)ofpeppersandvinegar.Theonlymainingredient(原料),potato,is12(reasonable)pricedinallseasons.When13(cook)well,itlooksbrightandthepotatoshredsareclearandcrispwithsourandspicytaste.It14(win)thefondofthemajorityofpeopleinChinaandbeenevaluated15oneofthebestmatchesforrice.Hereisthewayof16(it)cooking.Washthepotatoesandremovetheskin.Cutthemintothinandsimilarshreds.Putinsaltwaterforafewminutes17(remove)thestarch(淀粉)andcleanthemwell.Heattheoilinapan.Addandfrygreenonionanddriedpeppersbeforeaddingthepotato.Thenaddalltheotheringredients18(include)whitevinegar,peppersandsalt.Fryuntilthepotatoiswellcooked.Youshouldbecarefulthatyoudonotovercookthepotatoes.【答案】9．which10．a(chǎn)11．a(chǎn)mounts12．reasonably13．cooked14．haswon15．a(chǎn)s16．its17．toremove18．including【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了“酸辣土豆絲”這道菜重要性以及制作過程。9．考查定語從句。句意：“酸辣土豆絲”是一道典型的中國家常菜，由于烹飪方法簡單，在家里和餐館里都能看到。空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是The“sourandspicyshreddedpotato”，指物，從句缺少主語，應用關系代詞which。故填which。10．考查冠詞。句意：雖然它屬于川菜，但現(xiàn)在在中國各地，這道菜是許多食客無法抗拒的選擇。choice為可數(shù)名詞，此處為泛指，且favorite的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故填a。11．考查名詞復數(shù)。句意：它的味道可以通過加入不同數(shù)量的辣椒和醋來靈活調整。amount是可數(shù)名詞，由different修飾，應用復數(shù)形式。故填amounts。12．考查副詞。句意：唯一的主要原料是土豆，一年四季價格都很合理。修飾動詞priced，應用副詞reasonably，作狀語。故填reasonably。13．考查非謂語動詞。句意：煮熟后，色澤鮮亮，土豆絲清脆，酸辣爽口。空處應填非謂語動詞和when構成時間狀語，cook和邏輯主語it(酸辣土豆絲)之間為被動關系，應用過去分詞。故填cooked。14．考查時態(tài)。句意：它贏得了廣大中國人的喜愛，被認為是大米的最佳搭配之一?？仗幒拖挛腷eenevaluated是并列的謂語動詞，結合語境，陳述過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，應用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語it是第三人稱單數(shù)，助動詞用has。故填haswon。15．考查介詞。句意同上。結合句意表示“被認為是”短語為beevaluatedas。故填as。16．考查代詞。句意：這是它的烹飪方法。修飾名詞cooking，應用形容詞性物主代詞。故填its。17．考查非謂語動詞。句意：放入鹽水幾分鐘，以去除淀粉，并將其清洗干凈。分析句子結構可知，remove在句中作目的狀語，應用動詞不定式。故填toremove。18．考查介詞。句意：然后加入所有其他配料，包括白醋、辣椒和鹽。結合句意和句子結構可知，表示“包括”應用介詞including。故填including。I.教材語篇梳理fortfoodWhatisthetexttypeofthepassage?Narrative(記敘文)Whoistheauthor?AnadultMainideaofeachparagraphParagraph1:RicepuddingcheersmeupwheneverIfeelunhappy.Paragraph2:fortfoodhastheuniquepowertomakeusfeelbetter.Paragraph3:Ourfortfoodarehighlyindividual,dependingonourownuniqueexperiences.Paragraph4:fortfoodgivesthe“tasteofhome”topeoplewhofeelhomesickwhentheymovetoanewcountry.Paragraph5:fortfoodisfoodforthesoul.MainideaofthetextThetextisaboutthe_discussion_ontheideaoffortfood.II.課文語法填空WheneverIfeellonely，Ihaveasecretrecipethatnever1.(fail)：rice，milkandsugar.Thatperfect2.(bine)isalwaysenoughtoliftmyspirits.WhenIwasachild，Ilikedmygrandma’sricepuddingverymuch，whichservedasmyfortfood.Ourfortfoodsare3.(high)individualandtheyvaryfrompersontoperson，dependingonourownuniqueexperiencesthat4.(shape)ourlives.Ifwegrowup5.(eat)certainfoodsinourfamily，thenthosefoodstend6.(link)withpositiveemotions.Thefeelingofhappinessandsenseof7.(belong)canbeeparticularlyimportantforpeople8.moveawayfromtheirhomecountry.Eachperson’sfortfoodlargelydependsonwheretheyefromandtheirfortfoodscanrelievefeelings9.homesicknessfortfoodalwaysmakesusfeelgoodbybuilding10.emotionalbondwithourhappymemoriesandit’sfoodforthesoul.1.fails2.bination3.highly4.haveshaped5.eating6.tobelinked7.belonging8.who9.of10.an閱讀微技能1.Scanthequestionstem掃描題干Carefullyreadandanalyzeeachquestion,identifythecorekeywordsinthequestion,andclarifywhichtypeofquestionitis.2.Graspkeywords抓關鍵詞Basedonkeywordssuchasplacename,time,andnumbers,identifytheparagraphwherethequestionislocated.Generally,eachparagraphcorrespondstoonequestion.Passage1主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會飲食與生活烹飪與飲食習慣的變化★★★★（2023·全國乙卷C篇）WhatesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfood?Probablyfishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting?EventhoughBritainhasareputationforlessthanimpressivecuisine,itisproducingmoretopclasschefswhoappearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreensandwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerlists.It’sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeatandtwovegandreadymademealsandbeingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.ItisrecentlyreportedthatthenumberofthosestickingtoatraditionaldietisslowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain’sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprovetheircookinginsomeway.TherehasbeenariseinthenumberofstudentsapplyingforfoodcoursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelpedchangewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking.Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK’sobsession(癡迷)withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it’snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.28.WhatdopeopleusuallythinkofBritishfood?A.Itissimpleandplain. B.Itisrichinnutrition.C.Itlacksauthentictastes. D.Itdeservesahighreputation.29.WhichbestdescribescookeryprogrammeonBritishTV?A.Authoritative. B.Creative. C.Profitable. D.Influential.30.Whichisthepercentageofthepeopleusingmorediverseingredientsnow?A.20%. B.24%. C.25%. D.33%.31.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A.Theartofcookinginothercountries. B.MalechefsonTVprogrammes.C.TablemannersintheUK. D.Studiesofbigeaters.【答案】28.A29.D30.D31.B【導語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了電視烹飪節(jié)目引起了英國人日常飲食、烹飪習慣以及對烹飪態(tài)度的變化。28.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“WhatesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfood?Probablyfishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting?”（當你想到英國食物時，你會想到什么？你可能想到的是炸魚薯條，或是一肉兩菜的周日晚餐。但是，英國食物真的如此無趣嗎？）可知，提及英國食物，大家往往只是想到炸魚薯條和周日烤肉，所以人們通常會覺得英國食物平平無奇。故選A項。29.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“It’sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeatandtwovegandreadymademealsandbeingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.”（正是由于電視上的這些大廚，而不是憑借廣告宣傳活動，英國人正在遠離“一肉兩菜”和速食餐，而變得更加愿意探索新的烹飪習慣。）和“ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelpedchangewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking.”（似乎電視節(jié)目幫助改變了人們對烹飪的看法。）可知，英國的烹飪節(jié)目能夠改變英國人對烹飪的看法，嘗試從傳統(tǒng)的英式飲食走出來，嘗試新的烹飪習慣，由此推知英國的烹飪節(jié)目具有很大的影響力。故選D項。30.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.”（幾乎三分之一的人表示他們現(xiàn)在使用的配料比以前更多，將近四分之一的人表示他們現(xiàn)在購買的配料質量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故選D項。31.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it’snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.”（隨著電視上出現(xiàn)越來越多男性廚師，男孩子喜歡烹飪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下來，文章應該具體介紹電視上的男性廚師，從而與上文形成語義連貫。故選B項。Passage2主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會人際交往參加晚宴的建議★★★★閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（2021·全國乙卷閱讀理解七選五）AccordingtoJessicaHagy,authorofHowtoBeInteresting,itsnotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty.36,ifyou’reoutofyourfortzoneorifyou’rewanderingintosomebody’shouseforthefirsttime.Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.

Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucanstarttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?”,you’llbeabletogetalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou’retalkingto.37,itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,brokendownvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”Itjustopensupconversation.

38?Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(講臺).Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.39.

Andwhataboutthatotherdinnerpartykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou’refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostapliment(贊揚).40.Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”

Sobeinginterestingatadinnerpartyisn’tthathard.A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【導語】如何在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣。【解析】36.選B。本句為段落主題句。從本段中的“ifyou’reoutofyourfortzoneorifyou’rewanderingintosomebody’shouseforthefirsttime”,及“beadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers”可知本段主要談論了走出了自己的舒適區(qū),或者第一次走進別人的家里,敢于冒險,嘗試不同的食物,和陌生人交談。B項第一步是探索,符合語境。37.選C。本句為細節(jié)支撐句(段中題)。從此空后的標點符號和符號后句子可推知,此空應該填入一個從句。再根據(jù)“Ihavethisold,brokendownvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”(“我有一輛舊的,壞了的車”或者“我和這些瘋狂的人一起坐在公共汽車上,他們在后面笑著愚蠢的笑話)和代詞it,可知C項如果你問“你怎么來的?”符合語境。38.選F。本句為段落主題句。從此空后的標點符號可知此處應填入一個問句。再根據(jù)“Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway”中的“wine”和F項中的“hashadtoomuchtodrink”屬于同一范疇的表達,故F項那個喝多了或者不停說話的人怎么辦,符合語境。39.選E。本句為細節(jié)支撐句。與此句前的“Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.”構成并列句中的選擇關系,故E項或者把談話變成一個他們無話可說的話題,符合語境。40.選G。本句為細節(jié)支撐句(段中題)。根據(jù)段落主題句可知,本段主要講面對“otherdinnerpartykiller:awkwardsilence(宴會殺手:尷尬的沉默)”我們該怎么辦。由“theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostapliment”和G選項“Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost(他或她是最能感受到這種尷尬的人)”中的“Heorshe(指代host)”及“awkwardness(原詞復現(xiàn))”可知G項符合語境。Passage3主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會生活與學習作者獨特的采蜜經(jīng)歷★★★★★(2023浙江卷)ThesunwasbeginningtosinkasIsetoffintotheHarennaForest.Iwasonmywayto1auniquehoneyharvest.Here,insoutheastEthiopia,handcarvedbeehives(蜂箱)areplacedinthe2.Reachingthemtogetthehoneyisdifficult—andoften3.I4beekeeperZiyadoverawidestretchofgrasslandbeforeenteringathickjungle.Ziyadbeganpreparations.He5handfulsofdamptreeleaves,wrappedthemwithstring,and6thebunchtocreateatorch(火把).Then,withoneendofaropetiedtohiswaistandtheotherendaroundthetrunkofatree,Ziyadbegan7.Hestoppedeveryfewminutestomovethe8higherupthetreetrunk.9,Ziyadgotclosetothehivewhichwasaround20metresabovetheground.Sittingonabranch,he10towardsitandblewsmokefromhistorchintoatinyholeinthehive.Suddenly,Ziyadletoutasharpcry.Withinseconds,he’d11thetrunkandwasbackontheground.Itwastoo12tocollectthehoney.Acoolsummerhaddelayed13.Babybeeswerestillinthehoneybs(蜂巢).Theadultbeeswere14andkeptattackingasZiyadescapedfromthetree.Hehadtowaitfortheright15togobackup.1．A．share B．collect C．celebrate D．witness2．A．courtyards B．fields C．treetops D．caves3．A．urgent B．dangerous C．expensive D．pointless4．A．searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited5．A．gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked6．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated7．A．jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing8．A．hives B．leaves C．rope D．honey9．A．Finally B．Surprisingly C．Naturally D．Immediately10．A．backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched11．A．cutoff B．goneup C．sliddown D．heldonto12．A．high B．early C．fast D．close13．A．hatching B．training C．sowing D．trading14．A．curious B．hungry C．bored D．a(chǎn)ngry15．A．moment B．equipment C．person D．order【答案】1．D2．C3．B4．C5．A6．B7．D8．C9．A10．D11．C12．B13．A14．D15．A【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者跟隨埃塞俄比亞堅持傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)蜂技藝的Ziyad，進行的一次獨特的采蜜經(jīng)歷?！窘馕觥?．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我此行是見證一次獨特的采蜜行動。A.share分享；B.colle